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The article discusses the exact amount of the money issued by the United States Congress for the financing of the American Revolution. During the revolution, Congress released paper money otherwise called Continental dollars to finance its expenditures. Past literatures have claimed the exact amount spent but they left behind unclear and conflicting estimates. The article traces back the transactions that took place from the enactment to disbursement of the dollars. The article presents supporting tables on estimates and cumulative total net emissions of the continental dollars.

Discusses the factors which contributed to the demand for money in small denominations in the United States during the nineteenth century. Types of money in small denominations; Relation between inflation and the appearance of small notes; Argument against small notes which was presented by Adam Smith in his book `Wealth of Nations'; Public policy with respect to issues of small notes.

Department stores represented one of the most advertising-intensive sectors of American interwar retailing. Yet it has been argued that a competitive spiral of high advertising spending, to match the challenge of other local department stores, contributed to an inflation of operating costs that eroded long-term competitiveness. We test these claims, using both qualitative archival data and establishment-level national data sets. The quantitative analysis confirms that the relationship between advertising expenditure and sales deteriorated markedly over the period, but indicates that the growing negative impact of retaliatory advertising by rival department stores was less important than contemporaries perceived. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on the financial aspects of cotton production in the U.S.

Why do voters publicly fund education? I examine two explanations: public funds may be a means for decisive voters to transfer wealth to themselves or voters may subsidize the education of others to raise social education levels and realize external benefits. I test these theories in the 1800s, when full tax support of primary schools emerged. States where median and mean wealth was closer together had higher fractions of education revenue from public sources. Attendance rates rose when the public share of education funding rose, especially for poor children. These facts are consistent with a model with external benefits of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of economists in organizing the domestic US. economy for the rigors of World War II has been fairly well documented.' Be- fore and during the war they had set up the U.S. national income accounts, which helped to identify ways in which resources could be used more productively. 2 Economists in the Office of Price Administration managed to allocate resources to the civilian economy in such a way as to keep inflation under control and minimize opportunistic behavior while ensuring that the supply of resources to military forces in Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During World War II, the U.S. government displaced private investors. According to NIPA data for the period 1942-1945, net private investment was negative $6.2 billion, and net government investment was positive $99.4 billion. Al- though economists have credited this government investment with various contributions to wartime and postwar economic growth, the bulk of it had little or no value beyond its immediate contribution to winning the war, This episode dramatically exposes a fundamental but false assumption that underlies official data on capital formation: that all expenditures for durable producer goods or munitions form genuine capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the motor vehicles industry contraction using newly discovered establishment-level data. Believes such microdata to reveal substantially more than industry aggregates; The extent of the stock market crash prior to the Great Depression; Patterns of plant closure; Composition effects in the early expansion; Conclusion.

Deals with a study which presented evidence that a commercial market centered in San Francisco, California extending into the Pacific Coast of the United States (U.S.) and formed the basis for a regional financial market. Role of regional capital markets on reducing the burden of isolation; Information on the shift of economic activity across the U.S.