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This paper has been written from the standpoint of a student of political science (with an evident international bias). It has in no way been concerned with the question whether a European union would, or would not, bring prosperity to its populations, or whether it would be a good thing or not for Britain to join it. As a student I have sought an answer to two questions: What kind of political construction was a European union likely to be, and what would be its temper—for if, as I think, function determines structure, this also means that structure must affect practice. And therefore, in the second place, what would be its relevancy to the prospects for a general international system? Admittedly, to try to examine the 'European' idea thus is like trying to hold a line on a political rainbow with its many fleeting hues—a rainbow with one horizon among those who are clear that they were not seeking 'a new fatherland' and wanted Europe united that it may work the better for international union, and the opposite horizon falling in Dr. Hallstein's camp. For Dr. Hallstein is no less clear that they were after 'awakening a new European patriotism'; and that— while the old nations may be left to dream their national dreams (and after dismissing any idea of supplanting the national with the supranational as 'another illusion')—that 'perhaps it is true that only States can act politically. Then let us create the European State—or is Europe finally to abdicate?' If the aim is political union, a 'United States of Europe', Dr. Hallstein's picture, with all its tactical tergiversations, is clearly nearer the mark. Both lines of inquiry have led to the same point, that by its nature and tendency a political union must be nationalistic; and that as such it must impede, and may defeat, the great historic quest for a general system of peace and development. Under the pressures of a planned and radical social transformation it is bound to shape... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is beyond the scope of this paper to traverse all the reasons why the EEC proposals have not so far been seriously considered in the GATT or elsewhere. One important reason, however, is that although general objectives have been suggested, neither the French nor the EEC have yet attempted to elaborate in detail exactly what would be the content of an international agreement for any of the main products concerned. Until this is done it seems unlikely that any significant progress can be made towards establishing a reasonably clear basis of negotiation in the GATT about the terms on which trade in agricultural products is to be carried on. Even a demonstration, as a result of detailed study, that commodity agreements of the kind broadly outlined by the EEC are unlikely to be more satisfactory than the present position, would help to clear away much of the existing uncertainty. In this article I shall therefore attempt to continue the discussion by showing how the EEC ideas might be applied to trade in butter, long recognized as perhaps the most 'difficult' of all the temperate foodstuffs as regards liberalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the hypothesis that the formation of a free trade area in Europe tends to result in an increase in the instability of extra-area imports relative to intra-area imports. Relative changes in the instability of intra-area and extra-area imports; Effects of preferential tariff treatment on import instability.

Reveals the European experience with research on international organization. Funding for the Social Science Research Council which constituted the Committee on International Organization; Bureaucratic interpretation; Single representation of plural interests.

Focuses on the nature and prospects of European institutions. Factors hampering the process of European integration; Functions of European institutions; Organizational characteristic of the European Community and the Atlantic Alliance; Effect of the United States and France as a barrier to European unification.

Focuses on the collaboration between the 'Journal of Common Market Studies,' the Federal Trust for Education and Research and the University Association for Contemporary European Studies on the development of economic integration in Europe. Plans for publication of special supplement; Extension of coverage of progress and problems of integration in other parts of the world; Publication of synopses of reports.

The article presents an analysis of British politics in relation to Europe. It focuses on the British policy regarding the post-war construction in Europe, noting how domestic politics may affect Great Britain's international relations. Consequences of the country' political difficulty are enumerated, suggesting to investigate such consequences and to further consider how the question of Europe may be integrated into the British politics. The process of domestic politics is defined as well as offers a description of the business of politics and the structure of politics. Also provided are various impairments of the British political system including inadequacy, corruption, and disloyalty.

The article focuses on the unification of national administrative elites and the European integration. It looks at the efforts of the government in constructing European unification. A survey was conducted which determines how bureaucratic factors and bureaucratic politics may influence national decisions of European integration. The result of the survey, which attempts to expose various motivational factors related to the process of political integration, particularly exploring the views of the public on the level and scope of community decision-making and regarded desirable goals, is examined.

Discusses Switzerland's free trade agreement with the European Economic Community countries. Commercial impact of and non-commercial problems brought about by the agreement; Effects of the characteristics of the Swiss political and economic systems; Swiss foreign policy.

Discusses Austria's efforts to arrange a free trade agreement with the European Economic Community. Austria's adoption of neutrality as foreign policy; Economic impact of the European Free Trage Association (EFTA); Exclusion of agriculture from the arrangement; Third countries' reaction to EFTA.

Proposes an arrangement of constituting a free-trade area according to the relevant positions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in Europe. Validity of tariff quotas and import guarantees; Purpose of reaching agreement on trade concessions.

Discusses the general relevance of the federalist approach to integration by tracing some of its most significant ideological, theoretical and practical aspects in the debate on European integration. Ideological roots of European federalism; Functional approach to federal integration; Characteristic of functionalism and federalism.

Explores the ideological roots of European federalism in light of the present discussion on European integration. Europe's experience in integration and the theoretical debate on international organization; Federalism as a process; Political dimension of federalism; European federalism in global perspective.

Suggests implications for policy debates on Europe's futures. International politics in both Europe; Continued failure of the British, French and German governments to resolve the contradictions in their policies vis a vis each other and the superpowers; Questions raised by the genuine plea for common policies and postures.

Discusses key issues relevant to the establishment of the European Investment Bank (EIB) in the 1950s. Role of the EIB in the balanced and smooth development of common market interests in Europe; Policy implications on economic policy and economic development.

Discusses key issues relevant to specialization in the coal and steel industries of Europe. Impact of the creation of a customs union in coal and steel products; Key provisions of the trade agreement binding members of the European Coal and Steel Community; Policy implications on international trade.

Examines the most effective method for establishing a payment system for countries in Europe and the Far East who are members of the ECAFE trade bloc. Strategies that encourage intra-regional trade; Trade liberalization and policy coordination.

Examines the development and evolution of the European Economic Community's policies and legislation regarding the free movement of labor. Social and political issues intermingling with the reduction of barriers to free movement; Legislative framework for handling problems in the area; Key provisions of notable EEC regulations.

Examines the assertions concerning the relationship between Great Britain and its European neighbors. Strains and dissensions in the western alliance; Development of a European political community and Atlantic partnership; Settlement of East-West problems; Integration of the Germans in the European community; Aims of the European defence community.

Considers the constitutional crisis in Europe. Establishment of direct financial revenue for the operations of the community; Proposals on the budgetary powers of the parliament; Decision of France to withdraw from the sessions of the commission.

Focuses on the possible co-existence among European countries. Economic and military relations; Role of war and conflicts in the formation of alliances; Economic impact of European unity.

The article examines the effort of European countries to establish a common energy policy to solve the continent's increasing dependence on fuel imports. One development relative to the development of a unified energy policy is depicted in the report issued by Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which cites the danger of a possible fuel shortage due to balance of payments difficulties and campaigns for the development of the continent's indigenous fuel production. Meanwhile, the three European Communities issue a joint memorandum to express their views on the possibility for a common energy policy.

The article examines the German literature to investigate the problems of European integration. The author states that the German study concentrates on the problems which European integration raises only in public and civil law and of economic policy and theory. It was the popular media of communication that articulates attitudes to the political problems of European integration. One literature suggests the need for European union of the basic consensus in favor of integration including the geographical delimitation and institutional form of communities.

The article presents some of the problems related to the existence of European Secretariats. One issue that concerns the applicability of Secretariats in European Communities is on the role played by national and national-political factors in the administration of such Secretariats. The author cites the discrepancy between the institutional theory of the Communities and the European Economic Community (EEC) and the administrative practice of the commission. Moreover, she claims that the Secretariat of the EEC may have difficulty in functioning if the general structure and methods of work are not modified.

The article focuses on the talk in financial circles, following the moving of Brussels negotiations towards a climax, regarding the possibilities for world liquidity that would be opened if Great Britain will join the Common Market. It was said that Sterling can become the currency of Europe, and that a perfect marriage can be arranged between European Economic Community asset and the British liabilities. However, it was found that the said marriage was cancelled. Moreover, an overview of the new approaches toward multilateral solutions of sterling's problems is offered.

The article explores the proposed ideas of French General Charles de Gaulle for the confederation of European countries. It analyzes the draft treaty of de Gaulle for European cooperation. It discusses how de Gaulle communicated his ideas of confederation to the leaders of European states. It differentiates federation and confederation in criteria and substance. The author contemplates that de Gaulle has virtually dropped the word "confederation" because his proposals go beyond most definitions of it.

The article presents an analysis of European company accounting. It aims to substitute narrower generalizations of more limited inaccuracy to guide investors and businesspeople in their approach of company accounts. It discusses the different accounting customs of major European countries including Sweden, Norway, and Holland. Moreover, it addresses a few of the differences from Anglo-American practice both of general approach and of detail which are liable to be unfamiliar and puzzling. The author stresses that the opinions he expresses are personal and are based on his experience and on many discussions with European bankers and brokers.