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Aims and objectives: This study aimed to measure the frequency of spiritual needs, identify the factors associated with these needs among Korean and American persons living with an advance chronic illness and compare them from a cross‐cultural perspective. Background: Persons with serious or life‐limiting illnesses often have spiritual needs. Unmet spiritual needs are associated with poor well‐being and threaten psychological health. Little is known about how specific spiritual needs vary across cultures. Design: A quantitative, cross‐sectional, observational cross‐cultural comparison was undertaken. Methods: The study has been prepared in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from outpatient clinics in South Korea and Southern California (N = 202). Spiritual needs were measured using the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT); demographic and illness‐related variables were also assessed using paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires. Data were analysed using various parametric statistical tests, including multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings quantify the intensity and types of spiritual needs that persons living with an advanced chronic illness experience. Furthermore, they show how the spiritual needs of religiously diverse samples of South Koreans and Americans differ. The findings also indicate that self‐reported spirituality and religiosity independently explain a substantial amount of the variance in spiritual needs. Conclusions: In both the samples, spiritual needs were reported and associated with spirituality and religiosity. Although all the eight domains of spiritual needs assessed by the SpIRIT were pertinent to the Korean and American samples, they were prioritised differently. Relevance to clinical practice: Screening patients to ascertain how important spirituality or religiosity is to them may help clinicians focus their in‐depth assessments on those who report high levels of spirituality or religiosity because these patients may experience the strongest spiritual needs. The SpIRIT shows promise as a measure of diverse spiritual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effects of spousal support and parent–nurse partnership on caregiver burden of parents of children with chronic disease. Background: With the trend of increasing the global number of children with chronic diseases, the parental caregiver burden has become increasingly prevalent. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study participants included 115 parents of children diagnosed with chronic disease at a general hospital in South Korea. The study duration was 4 June 2021–30 April 2022. Self‐reported measures included the parent–nurse partnership scale, the Korean version of the Parenting Alliance Inventory and the family caregiver burden scale. T‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear multiple regression were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0. This study followed STROBE guideline. Results: Parental caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with spousal support and parent–nurse partnership. Factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were parental alcohol consumption; child's inherited metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, disease relating to haematological tumours or kidney disease diagnosis; child's health perceived as poor by parents; child's dependency perceived as high by parents; hospitalization recency; and low spousal support. These factors accounted for 65% of caregiver burden. Conclusion: Parental caregiver burden was related to spousal support and parent–nurse partnership, but the primary factor affecting caregiver burden was spousal support. Relevance to clinical practice: The results highlighted the role of healthcare professionals in educating parents of children with chronic diseases to facilitate spousal support and have implications for nursing and community‐based interventions to reduce parental caregiver burden. Furthermore, they underlined that policymakers and other stakeholders should pay attention to the parental caregiver burden through government‐based, family‐centered strategies. Patient or public contribution: Parents of children with chronic disease were recruited to perform the self‐administered survey in the phase of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among occupational stress, recovery experience and turnover intention among nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Background: The high turnover intention among nurses affect patient safety quality of patient care. Design: The cross‐sectional study design was used. This study was guided by STROBE. Methods: Convenience sampling identified 202 registered nurses working in the COVID‐19 wards of three tertiary general hospitals in two cities in South Korea. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to estimate path coefficients and assess the adequacy of the model. The moderating effects of recovery experience on the pathway in which occupational stress of the participants affects turnover intention were verified using model 1 of the SPSS PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes. Results: The recovery experience did not significantly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention. However, it had significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention (β =.005, 95% CI [.001,.010]). The effect of occupational stress on turnover intention was dependent on recovery experience. Conclusion: The results revealed that occupational stress among nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19 affect the turnover intention and the level of recovery experience moderates this relationship. Thus, not only during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also during challenging times of various infectious disease outbreaks, hospitals can enhance the health and well‐being of nurses and promote the retention of nursing staff. Implications for the profession: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have been exposed to understaffing and overwhelming workloads. However, policies for nurses' welfare and benefits are still insufficient, even as the pandemic comes to an end. The results of this study indicate that sufficient rest and appropriate nursing personnel are of utmost importance to nurses. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore how the characteristics of patients and caregivers affect self‐care in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Design: A multicentre cross‐sectional study. Method: We followed the STROBE checklist. Parkinson's disease patients aged 50 years and older and their caregivers were recruited from two tertiary hospitals and the Korean Parkinson's Disease Association website. Patient characteristics, including social support, relationship quality with caregivers, self‐care efficacy and self‐care, were analysed. Caregiver characteristics were also evaluated, including caregiving duration, social support, relationship quality with patients, contribution to patients' self‐care efficacy and contribution to patients' self‐care. Results: The characteristics of patients and caregivers (103 pairs) were hierarchically regressed into patient self‐care domains (maintenance, monitoring and management). Most patients and caregivers gave a self‐care efficacy and self‐care management rating of moderate. In three regression models, patient self‐care efficacy was positively related to three domains of patient self‐care. Self‐care maintenance decreased as patients' disease duration increased. Self‐care monitoring was positively related to the education level of patients and caregiving duration. Self‐care management showed an inverse relationship with caregiving duration and a positive relationship with caregiver contribution. Conclusion: Self‐care efficacy was important in promoting PD patients' self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management. The contributions of caregivers were also critical in increasing PD patients' self‐care management. Implications for the profession and patient care: To increase patients' self‐care efficacy and self‐care, educational interventions containing information about the disease, symptom management, and problem‐solving should be implemented. Since caregivers are deeply involved in patients' self‐care, educational interventions for caregivers should also be provided. Impact: This study closed the literature gap by examining the self‐care efficacy and self‐care of Korean PD patients. Findings demonstrated the importance of caregiver roles on patients' self‐care and health. Patient or public contribution: Two tertiary hospitals and the Korean Parkinson's Disease Association assisted during the recruitment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To examine Korean registered nurses' level of perceived knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism risk assessment as well as prevention, self-efficacy in venous thromboembolism care and actual knowledge of venous thromboembolism. Background For hospitalised patients, venous thromboembolism is a preventable clinical disorder. Caring for venous thromboembolism patients requires coordination across multiple providers and settings. Clinical nurses can play a major role in improving venous thromboembolism prevention care, assessing venous thromboembolism risks and providing appropriate prophylactic measures to those who are at risk for venous thromboembolism. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods Anonymous paper-based surveys were conducted for a convenience sample of registered nurses' ( n = 452) from two university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea. Results The majority of participants indicated that their overall self-rated venous thromboembolism knowledge was 'fair', while only 2·4% rated it as 'very good' or 'excellent'. The overall mean score of the venous thromboembolism knowledge questions was 50·9 (±13·0) of a possible score of 100. The mean score of self-efficacy in practising venous thromboembolism prevention/prophylaxis was 3·0 (based on a one to five Likert scale). The self-reported venous thromboembolism assessment performance on patients varied among clinical units. Only 9·3% of participants reported having received in-service venous thromboembolism education from their hospital. Conclusions The findings showed that overall venous thromboembolism knowledge and self-efficacy in venous thromboembolism prevention practices of Korean registered nurses' were not highly rated. Korean nurses demonstrated a lack of knowledge about venous thromboembolism, particularly in the areas of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis measures and venous thromboembolism diagnosis methods. Relevance to clinical practice Focused education on venous thromboembolism prevention and risk assessment should be considered a component of continuing education for Korean nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To examine the effects of registered nurse staffing levels, work environment and education levels on the residents' quality of life and nurses' job dissatisfaction, burnout and turnover intention. Background: Registered nurse staffing status and work environment are suboptimal in nursing homes worldwide. Nursing home care aims to maximise residents' quality of life. However, evidence on the impact of registered nurse staffing levels, work environment and education levels on the residents' quality of life and nurse outcomes in nursing homes is limited. Design: This is a cross‐sectional observational study. Methods: A total of 513 residents and 117 registered nurses from 39 nursing homes in South Korea participated in surveys. The main measures included registered nurses' staffing levels, work environment, education levels, residents' quality of life, registered nurses' job dissatisfaction, burnout and turnover intention. We analysed data using the generalised estimating equations and reported the study using the STROBE checklist. Results: Overall, the residents' quality‐of‐life score was 13.7 ± 2.6 (out of 17). Residents in nursing homes with a higher number of registered nurses or with work environment evaluated as 'mixed' or 'better' (compared with 'poor') had a higher quality of life. Regarding nurse outcomes, 74.4% of the registered nurses were dissatisfied with their current jobs, 12.0% had burnout and 18.8% had a turnover intention. Registered nurses working in 'mixed' or 'better' work environment were less likely to have job dissatisfaction. Registered nurses' education levels did not have a statistically significant effect on the resident and nurse outcomes. Conclusions: Registered nurse staffing levels and work environment should be considered important for improving residents' quality of life and nurses' job satisfaction. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Regulation and policy reforms are needed to increase the registered nurse staffing levels and to create a good work environment in nursing homes. Patient or Public Contribution: Nursing home residents and registered nurses participated in the surveys of this study. Registered nurses facilitated resident recruitment by identifying and introducing the study to residents who were eligible for study participation. Trial Registration: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the associations between longitudinal trajectories of self‐care behaviours and unplanned hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure. Background: Adherence to self‐care behaviours is crucial to prevent hospital readmissions; however, self‐care behaviours remain unsatisfactory among patients with heart failure. Studies of long‐term trajectories of self‐care behaviours and their influence on hospital readmissions are limited in this population. Design: A prospective, longitudinal observational study. Methods: Among 137 participants with heart failure (mean age 67.36 years, 62% men), we analysed the 1‐year follow‐up data to determine the association between 1‐year trajectories of self‐care behaviours and hospital readmissions using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression, adjusted for confounding variables. Results: Self‐care behaviour trajectories of heart failure patients were classified as 'high‐stable' (58.4%) or 'low‐sustained' (41.6%). The cumulative rate of readmissions for the low‐sustained class was higher than that of the high‐stable class for all periods. Factors influencing readmissions included anaemia, cognitive function, frailty and self‐care behaviours trajectories. The low‐sustained class had a 2.77 times higher risk of readmissions within 1 year than that in the high‐stable class. Conclusions: Longitudinal self‐care behaviours pattern trajectories of heart failure patients were stratified as high‐stable and low‐sustained. Routine follow‐up assessment of patients' self‐care behavioural patterns, including anaemia and frailty, and cognitive function can minimise unplanned hospital readmissions. Relevance to clinical practice: Identification of trajectory patterns of self‐care behaviours over time and provision of timely and individualised care can reduce readmissions for heart failure patients. Healthcare professionals should recognise the significance of developing tailored strategies incorporating longitudinal self‐care behavioural patterns in heart failure patients. Reporting Method: The study has been reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist (Appendix S1). Patient or Public Contribution: Patients have completed a self‐reported questionnaire after providing informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is considered as a major health problem for women, and the prevalence is increasing over the world. Research to improve their quality of life is necessary. Purpose: This study was to examine the body image and self‐esteem of breast cancer patients who underwent breast reconstruction in order to determine whether these affect their quality of life. Methods: A cross‐sectional descriptive design was employed. This study was conducted on 140 patients who underwent breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery at S University Hospital in Gyeonggi‐do, South Korea. Measures were the general characteristics list, body image scale, self‐esteem scale, and the Korean version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast Cancer Version 4 for quality of life. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, and process macro bootstrapping for mediation effect. Data were collected from October 2020 to March 2021. Results: The path regression coefficient was 1.59 (p <.001), and the direct effect of body image on the quality of life was 1.34 (p <.001) considering the effect of self‐esteem, which is a parameter. This confirmed that self‐esteem mediates body image and quality of life. The explanatory power of self‐esteem for quality of life was 54%. Conclusion: This study suggests that body image and self‐esteem are important factors in the quality of life of breast cancer patients who underwent breast reconstruction. Also, the self‐esteem has a mediating effect in the relationship between body image and quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice: In clinical practice, nurses should focus on the body image and self‐esteem of breast cancer patients who have undergone breast reconstruction in order to improve their quality of life. Patient or public contribution: This cross‐sectional descriptive design study was conducted on patients who underwent breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery at hospital in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine and compare decision‐making preferences on end‐of‐life care for older people in Japan, the Hong Kong SAR and South Korea. Background: Cultural values and beliefs influence decision‐making on end‐of‐life care. Design: A cross‐sectional design was adopted. Methods: Community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 with additional requirements were recruited in 2016–2017 in the three regions. Their decision‐making preferences on end‐of‐life care were assessed using Pang et al.'s questionnaire. These preferences and their sociodemographic and personal experience variables were compared and analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The STROBE checklist was followed. Results: This study involved 415 participants. In all three regions, the most preferred decision maker and person with whom to discuss end‐of‐life care issues was a family member. Participants in the Hong Kong SAR were less likely to select a family member as their preferred decision maker than those in Japan (adjusted odds ratio = 0.129). Koreans were less likely to discuss end‐of‐life care issues with medical professionals than people in Japan (adjusted odds ratio = 0.278). More than 70% of the participants in each region indicated that they would not prefer to leave an advance directive to decide their end‐of‐life care. Conclusion: Older Asians prefer to make their own decisions after consulting others. Family members play an important role in helping older people plan their preferred end‐of‐life care arrangements, even acting as decision makers when older people become incapable of deciding for themselves. Relevance to clinical practice: Sufficient information should be provided to older people and their families for the older people to determine their preferred care. Helping families to understand and support the planned care and advance directives is a strategy for maximising family compliance with the care. Continuous efforts should be made to promote advance care planning and advance directives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is necessary to examine the level of perception, knowledge and attitudes of the medical staff for advance medical directives, which are practical alternatives to good practice for end‐of‐life care in the actual medical field. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the degree of perception, knowledge and attitude of cancer hospital medical staff about advance medical directives, and to confirm the relationship between them. It also explored their experiences with advance medical directives. Methods: This study used a convergent design to collect quantitative and qualitative data separately in the mixed methodology. This design adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Participants were a total of 140 subjects (70 doctors and 70 nurses) with more than 3 years and considered to have sufficient experience related to the study purpose. Focus group participants were a total 19 persons (9 doctors and 10 nurses). Results: Mean score for perception was 35.40, which indicates lower perception when compared to the median value (37.50 points). Perception of advance medical directives had significant, positive relations with attitude of advance medical directives (p =.032). The perception on attitude of advance medical directives factor was significantly influencing (p =.021). As a result of the analysis based on qualitative research questions, six subjects and 11 categories were created by deriving meaningful sentences from the statements. Conclusion: This study suggests that the perception of medical professionals about advance medical directives has a positive correlation with attitudes, as well as a causal relationship. Relevance to clinical practice: Based on the finding from this study, concrete strategies and interventions to improve the perception of advance medical directives among cancer hospital medical staff are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To validate a hypothetical path model estimating the health status of patients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes and to verify the mediating effects of diabetes management self‐efficacy, diabetes self‐management behaviour and haemoglobin A1c using a multi‐mediation model. Background: Diabetes knowledge, personal and social motivations, diabetes management self‐efficacy and health behaviours may be interrelated and may directly or indirectly affect the objective and subjective health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatments. Design: Model testing correlational design. Methods: The participants were 193 outpatients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes. Data were collected between July and November 2019. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0® and AMOS 23.0. This study is based on STROBE guidelines. Results: The model's fit indices were adequate. Diabetes‐related knowledge, psychological insulin resistance, family support for diabetes management, diabetes self‐care activities and haemoglobin A1c had significant direct effects on subjective health status. Diabetes management self‐efficacy had significant indirect effects on subjective health status via diabetes self‐care activities and haemoglobin A1c, and mediated the path through which diabetes knowledge, psychological insulin resistance and family support for diabetes management indirectly affect subjective health status. These variables explained 55.0% of the total variance of subjective health status. Conclusion: Diabetes knowledge, psychological insulin resistance, diabetes management family support, diabetes management self‐efficacy and diabetes self‐care activities were found to be related to the subjective and objective health status. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings can help health professionals improve diabetes self‐care activities and haemoglobin A1c, which will influence subjective health status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, receiving insulin treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to compare anxiety, resilience, and depression between COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses and assess their effects on depression. Background: Nurses working during the global pandemic are known to be physically and psychologically exhausted, and experience severe anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of studies comparing anxiety and depression between COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses. Design: Descriptive research study. Methods: This study was conducted on 64 nurses who directly worked for more than a month in a COVID‐19 unit of a general hospital with nationally designated negative‐pressure isolation beds and 64 nurses working in a non‐COVID‐19 unit. Data were collected through questionnaires and were analysed using SPSS 25.0. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Results: Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in nurses working with patients suspected to have COVID‐19 rather than nurses working with confirmed COVID‐19 patients and non‐COVID‐19 patients. Resilience was significantly lower in suspected patient unit nurses than in COVID‐19 unit nurses. Anxiety was the major factor predicting depression in both COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses with 76.6%, 80.7%, and 63.6% explanatory power, respectively. Conclusions: Among nurses working in COVID‐19 units, suspected patients unit nurses had higher depression than confirmed patients unit nurses due to an unsafe facility environment, insufficient personal protective equipment, and unknown conditions of the patients. Thus, interventions which have a high impact on depression need to be provided to relieve anxiety. Relevance to clinical practice: The nursing organisation must provide comprehensive support including coordinated shifts, internal motivation, incentives, up‐to‐date information, and clear infection prevention guidelines to relieve anxiety caused by exhaustive workload, uncertainty of infectious diseases, and lack of human and material resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to identify and compare missed nursing care types and reasons between South Korea and the United States of America. Background: Patient safety has become a significant task of the healthcare delivery systems worldwide. The omission of nursing care constitutes a growing concern because it threatens both patient safety and nursing care quality. Design: This study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive and comparative design. Methods: Data were collected from registered nurses working in two university‐affiliated tertiary hospitals and a general hospital in Korea and a Midwest United States tertiary hospital. In addition, the STROBE checklist was used in this study. Results: While substantial, the level of missed nursing care reported by Korean nurses was lower than that of United States nurses. Only three nursing care activities, setting up meals, patient assessment and skin/wound care, did not significantly differed between two countries. More basic nursing care types such as ambulation, feeding and mouth care were missed more than others in both countries. The reasons for missed care differed between two countries. However, both Korean and US nurses reported labour resource problems as reasons for missed care. Conclusions: Although the types of missed nursing care differed significantly between countries, both Korean and US nurses reported labour resource problems for the top reasons for missed care. Thus, comparing missed nursing care could assist nursing administrators in developing strategies to improve care quality and patient safety. Relevance to clinical practice: The level and reasons for missed nursing care are very influential factors for patient outcomes and patient safety. Appropriate skill mix and staffing are needed to decrease extent of missed care, so that enhancing patient safety and quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The objective of this study was to examine differences in personal characteristics, core practice competency and role stress according to levels of teaching efficacy among clinical nurse educators working in general hospitals. Background: In the clinical setting, successful adaptation to instruction among practicing clinical nurse educators is challenging. Design: Secondary analysis of data through a cross‐sectional study design was adopted. Methods: Originally, 565 nurses were recruited from general hospitals; 364 were included in this study. Participants were nurses with more than 1 year of experience in various settings from 16 general hospitals wherein nursing students trained for clinical practicum in five cities in South Korea. Self‐reported data were collected via the Teaching Efficacy, Core Practice Competency and Perceived Stress Scales assessing clinical education‐related teaching efficacy, core practice competency and role stress. In the analyses, comparison between nurses with high and low teaching efficacy was conducted. We have followed through the EQUATOR (e.g. STROBE) research checklist for the preparation of this manuscript. Results: According to univariate analysis, levels of teaching efficacy were shown to be higher with age, longer clinical careers, in those undergoing a doctoral course or with a doctorate, previous experience in providing clinical education and enrolment in continuing education for clinical education. In the multivariate analysis, enrolment in continuing education for clinical education, assessment and intervention skills, critical thinking skills, teaching skills and role ambiguity were associated with level of teaching efficacy among nurse educators. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we recommend that nursing administrators should foster the recognition of personal characteristics in potential clinical nurse educators or preceptors with high teaching efficacy. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should be supported by providing them with opportunities for professional development to enhance teaching efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine transition shock in newly licensed nurses and the association of work environment and resilience with nurses' transition shock. Background: Although work environment is related to transition shock in newly licensed nurses, little is known about the factors of nursing work environment associated with transition shock. Furthermore, resilience is known to help nurses positively face workplace challenges; however, there is little evidence on the associations between resilience and transition shock in new nurses. Design: A cross‐sectional, descriptive study. Methods: Data from 163 new nurses with <12 months of work experience in the current hospital since graduation were analysed. Participants' characteristics, work environment, nurse resilience and transition shock were self‐reported. Multivariable linear regressions were performed in three steps (following the STROBE checklist). Results: The highest mean score of transition shock was obtained for the item 'I perceive the limitations of my professional knowledge in nursing care'. In the regression analysis adjusted for all variables, two factors of work environment—'nurse staffing and resource adequacy' and 'collegial nurse‐physician relationships'—were associated with transition shock. Meanwhile, resilience was not related to transition shock. Conclusions: The gap between newly licensed nurses' theoretical and practical knowledge continues to exist. Adequate nurse staffing and a positive relationship with physicians, rather than nurse resilience, were more likely to associate with new nurses' transition shock. Relevance to clinical practice: Hospitals need to provide ward‐based simulations and case‐based learning methods to enhance nurses' transition to professional practice. For nurses' transition, hospitals should make efforts to provide adequate nurse staffing and resources. Furthermore, hospitals should provide communication opportunities to build a positive collaborative culture between nurses and physicians. Unit nurse managers need to assess newly licensed nurses' perception of nurse–physician professional relationship and create an atmosphere of respect and understanding for each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study examined nurses' intention to allow family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) by applying the theory of planned behaviour with an extended concept. Background: Medical institutions, including nurses and other medical professionals working in emergency and intensive care units, are reluctant to allow FPDR. However, this practice reduces the family's anxiety and stress while fostering well‐being and minimises their feelings of helplessness and distress by making them believe that they have helped the patient. Design: A cross‐sectional descriptive design was used in this study. Methods: The participants were 252 nurses who had been working for at least 3 months in a general hospital in South Korea. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires in April 2020 and were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The instruments were intention to allow FPDR (five constructs: intention to allow FPDR, positive attitude, negative attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control), perception of FPDR and self‐confidence. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting this study. Results: The mean score for the intention to allow FPDR was 3.47 out of 5. The regression analysis results indicated that perception of FPDR, positive attitude and negative attitude predicted the intention to allow FPDR. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop educational programmes to change the perceptions of and attitudes towards FPDR. Additionally, written policies and protocols for FPDR in South Korea are needed to develop systematic care for patients' families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings of this study provide baseline data for developing FPDR policies and guidelines that could minimise the family's distress and allow them to feel that they have helped the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To understand hospice palliative care nurses' (HPCNs) perceptions towards spiritual care and their competence to provide spiritual care. Background: Previous research has shown that many nurses lack a clear understanding of the concept of spirituality and feel inadequately prepared to assess patients' spiritual needs. Studies on competence in spiritual care are mostly descriptive, and the evidence for improving it is limited. Design: A mixed‐methods research design was used. Methods: Quantitative data were collected from 282 nurses in forty hospice palliative care (HPC) institutions in South Korea and analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni test and multiple regression. Qualitative data collection involved two stages: first, an open‐ended question posed to 282 nurses, and second, focus group interviews conducted with six HPC experts. Both qualitative data sets were analysed separately using content analysis. This study followed the GRAMMS guidelines. Results: Of the six dimensions of spiritual care competence (SCC), the mean scores were highest in 'attitude towards the patient's spirituality' and 'communication', whereas the 'assessment and implementation of spiritual care' and 'professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care' had the lowest mean scores. Through content analysis, 4 themes regarding the meaning of spiritual care, 3 themes regarding requirements for spiritual care and 2 themes regarding preparedness for spiritual care were revealed. They perceived the needs of the understanding of spiritual care based on the attributes of spirituality, the education in systematic assessments and implementation for spiritual care with standardised terminology, and the opportunity to reflect on nurses' own spirituality. Conclusions: Practical SCC training for HPCNs and the subsequent development of clinical practice guidelines are of vital importance. Relevance to clinical practice: The results of this study provide a useful resource to develop educational programmes for strengthening the SCC of nurses and the entire HPC team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To compare two health literacy measurements' ability to assess older adults' medication adherence by using the Korean Health Literacy Screening Questions (KHLSQ) and the Modified Korean Functional Health Literacy Test (M‐KFHLT), and to identify an appropriate health literacy measurement. Background: Lower health literacy has been associated with poorer medication adherence. Thus, health professionals should evaluate the available health literacy assessment instruments they are using and choose an appropriate instrument to assess health literacy to increase older adults' medication adherence. Design: Following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist, a descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted. Methods: From November 2017–May 2018, 116 community‐dwelling older adults were recruited in South Korea. Questionnaires were completed during a face‐to‐face interview with each participant in a private room; health literacy was assessed using the KHLSQ and the M‐KFHLT and medication adherence using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Results: Health literacy assessed using the KHLSQ was found to be a predictor of medication adherence, but was not a predictor when measured by the M‐KFHLT. Having low income, multiple chronic diseases and vision problems were also significant factors related to medication adherence. Conclusions: This study suggests that health literacy was negatively associated with medication adherence. Furthermore, KHLSQ is an appropriate tool for healthcare providers to use when assessing health literacy to predict older adults' medication adherence. Relevance to clinical practice: This finding indicated that healthcare providers should select an appropriate health literacy measurement that suits their purposes and the population they serve, particularly for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the performance of the National Early Warning Score 2 and composite score for clinical worry in identifying patients at risk of clinical deterioration, and to determine relationships between National Early Warning Score 2, clinical worry score and patient outcome at discharge. Background: The efficacy of early warning systems depends on patient population and care settings. Based on a theoretical framework on factors affecting clinical deterioration and patient outcomes, studies exploring the relationship between early warning systems and patient outcomes at discharge are sparse. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: A random sample of 732 medical records were reviewed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate predictive abilities regarding the events of unanticipated in‐hospital mortality, unplanned intensive care unit/ higher dependency bed admission and cardiac arrest. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine relationships between National Early Warning Score 2, clinical worry score and patient outcome. Reporting followed the STROBE checklist. Results: National Early Warning Score 2 and clinical worry score significantly predicted the events within 24 hr of the assessment. After controlling for other patient, treatment and organisational characteristics, National Early Warning Score 2 was a significant factor associated with patient outcome, but clinical worry score was not. Specifically, patients at high risk based on National Early Warning Score 2 were less likely to have improved outcome. Conclusions: National Early Warning Score 2 and clinical worry score performed well for predicting deteriorating condition of patients. National Early Warning Score 2 was significantly associated with patient outcome. It can be used for efficient patient management for safe, quality care. Relevance to clinical practice: National Early Warning Score 2 can be used for early assessment of not only clinical deterioration but also patient outcome and provide timely intervention, when coupled with clinical worry score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric quality of two single‐item pain‐intensity measures: the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). Background: Measuring pain intensity is a vital step in initiating symptom management and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions with cancer patients. Single‐item pain‐intensity measures of the NRS and VRS format have been evaluated to be acceptable for use in clinical practice and research; however, evidence to choose one over the other, as a standardised pain‐assessment format, is insufficient. Design: Descriptive correlational study. The study was guided and reported following the STROBE guideline. Methods: Data accrued at two time points during cancer treatment with a total of 249 patients treated in a Korean University Hospital. Two single‐item measures were constructed to assess pain intensity over 1 week. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI; pain intensity subscale and interference subscale) and the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy‐fatigue were the criterion. Convergent and concurrent validity were tested with Pearson's correlations. Results: In the convergent‐validity evaluation of the cross‐sectional association with the BPI, the NRS showed a much higher level of association than the VRS (0.81 versus 0.61). In convergent validity with a longitudinal association with the BPI, the NRS score change had a much higher level of association (0.61 versus 0.37). In concurrent‐validity evaluation, the NRS and VRS showed similar levels of associations with fatigue (−0.48 versus −0.49). Yet, the NRS showed statistically higher levels of correlation with functional limitations than the VRS (0.55 versus 0.42), comparable to the concurrent validity of the BPI. Conclusion: The NRS showed higher validity than VRS when assessing overall pain intensity over the past week. Relevance to Clinical Nursing: Pain assessment is a vital role of nurses in caring for patients with cancer. Current study findings support the use of the single‐item NRS pain measure to assess global pain intensity over the past week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the level of self‐care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers and identify factors related to their self‐care behaviours. Background: This study focused on the self‐care behaviours of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers, a complication of diabetes. Design: A cross‐sectional study design was adopted. Methods: From July–August 2018, 131 outpatients and inpatients with diabetic foot ulcers were given a survey questionnaire regarding self‐care behaviours and expected related factors at two Korean hospitals. In this study, self‐care behaviours were diabetes management and diabetic foot care. Demographic, disease‐related and laboratory characteristics were collected. The data were analysed in terms of descriptive statistics, a t test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. STROBE checklist was used as the guideline for this study. Results: Moderate levels of self‐care behaviours were found. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that diabetes management was significantly related to perceived family support, experience of diabetic education, perceived stress, a problem‐focused coping style, experience of hospitalisation and comorbidity. Furthermore, diabetic foot care was significantly associated with the experience of diabetic education, perceived family support, and serum level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and haemoglobin A1C. Conclusions: Perceived family support was the main factor affecting diabetes management, and diabetic foot care was greatly affected by the experience of diabetic education. It is necessary to develop diabetes education programmes and nursing interventions to increase family support to improve the self‐care behaviours of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Relevance to clinical practice: Self‐care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers are important, as they affect healing of the wound and the quality of life. Further development of family‐based diabetes education or programmes is recommended to promote the self‐care behaviours of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To identify whether meaning in life has moderating and mediating effects on the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Background: Dysphagic patients typically have multidimensional problems, such as depression, which can negatively influence their quality of life. Meaning in life, therefore, can be used as a psychological resource that may enhance quality of life for these patients. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional research design was used. Methods: Ninety patients with dysphagia were recruited for a survey from eight general and rehabilitation hospitals in Korea. The questionnaires, which included the Korean version of the Swallowing Quality of Life scale developed by Cha, the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale developed by Radloff, and the Purpose in Life test developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick, were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Hayes' PROCESS macro and Cronbach's alpha were used for data analyses. Results: Meaning in life was found to mediate the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. However, the index of moderation was not statistically significant, which mean that meaning in life did not moderate the relationship between the patients' depression and quality of life. Conclusions: Meaning in life had a mediating effect on the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Thus, to improve the quality of life of patients with dysphagia, nurses should apply interventions to help them find meaning in life. Relevance to clinical practice: Meaning in life can be used as a nursing intervention strategy to improve the quality of life for patients living with dysphagia and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the current state of face‐to‐face bullying and cyberbullying among nurses in the workplace and to identify the effects of nursing organisational culture on face‐to‐face bullying and cyberbullying. Background: It is important to accurately examine the current state of workplace bullying to acknowledge the gravity of the situation faced by nurses and devise prevention strategies. Electronic communication by computer or smartphone is widely used as a prompt and efficient means of facilitating nursing work; however, this leads to the possibility of cyberbullying as well as face‐to‐face bullying among nurses. Design: Descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 226 staff nurses working in one of five upper tertiary hospitals in Korea with a career of 10 years or shorter were surveyed using a self‐reported questionnaire. The collected data were evaluated using various statistical analyses, including hierarchical regression. Our study was applied to the STROBE checklist of items. Results: The mean face‐to‐face bullying score was 1.32 ± 0.53 and the cyberbullying score was 1.14 ± 0.37 (possible range: 1–5); most were work‐related negative experiences. The explanatory power of nursing organisational culture for face‐to‐face bullying was 6.3%, and relation‐oriented culture and hierarchy‐oriented culture were major factors affecting face‐to‐face bullying. The explanatory power of nursing organisational culture for cyberbullying was 4.3%, and relation‐oriented culture was a major factor affecting cyberbullying. Conclusions: Relation‐oriented culture had a significant effect on both face‐to‐face bullying and cyberbullying. Therefore, organisations should strive to foster a relation‐oriented nursing organisational culture in order to prevent and resolve workplace bullying among nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: Cyberbullying should be addressed as an important type of workplace bullying in nursing, which occurs via various information and communication devices. To prevent workplace bullying among nurses, various strategies that promote relation‐oriented nursing organisational cultures should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of symptom experiences and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients participating in clinical trials, and to identify the factors influencing their HRQOL. Background: It has known that lung cancer patients experience more symptoms than other cancer patients. With the introduction of new treatment for NSCLC patients, the patients have experienced different types of symptoms and it could influence their HRQOL. Design: A cross‐sectional study design was adopted. Methods: One hundred and eighteen NSCLC patients enrolled in clinical trials at two Korean tertiary hospitals participated in this study. Participants completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and the Short‐Form Health Survey 36 (SF‐36) version 2. Demographic, disease‐related and clinical trial‐related characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics, t test, Mann–Whitney test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis. STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (see Supporting Information File S1). Results: The total MSAS score was relatively low, and "lack of energy" was the highest symptom level in frequency, severity and distress. The level of physical HRQOL was higher than the cut‐off score, and the level of mental HRQOL was lower than the cut‐off score. The factors affecting physical HRQOL were symptom experience, performance status and smoking history. The factors affecting mental HRQOL were symptom experiences and family income. Conclusions: Symptom experience was a main affecting factor of physical and mental HRQOL. Interventions for relieving symptom experiences should be developed, and performance status, smoking history and financial burden of lung cancer patients should be considered in clinical settings. Relevance to clinical practice: HRQOL may be improved by reducing the level of symptom experience. Healthcare professionals should assess patients' symptom experience and develop patient‐centred symptom management programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the factors associated with the intention to leave among nurses in small‐ and medium‐sized hospitals and to determine the predictors about work environment and rewards. Background: Compared with large hospitals, insight into the working conditions, rewards and turnover of nurses working for these hospitals is lacking internationally. Design: Cross‐sectional study design. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Nurses Association's 2016 Welfare Policy and System Improvement Survey. Of the participants, data from 951 staff nurses working three shifts were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression to explore the predictors of nurses' turnover intention. This study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. Results: The perceived pay level satisfaction was the most obvious and persistent predictor of the intention to leave. Living benefits were shown to be scarcely satisfied, rendering considerable influence on turnover intention. Concerning aspects related to the working environment, the implementation of contract‐abiding working hours and nurse‐friendly night shift schedules reduced the turnover intention of nurses. Conclusions: Nurses in small‐ and medium‐sized hospitals are likely to have particular challenges in terms of professional growth. When fundamental rewards and basic working conditions are acceptable to nurses, their turnover can be reduced, and the professional growth can also be expected. Hospitals with a high nurse turnover rate need to preferentially verify these factors perceived by their nurses and to improve to increase nurses' retention. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding the determinants of intention to leave can lead to the development of strategies that persuade nurses to remain employed. These findings inform policymakers, nurse managers and hospital managers of the causes of nurses' intentions to leave in small‐ and medium‐sized hospitals. Our findings also provide empirical data on the working conditions and rewards of these nurses and suggest strategies for their retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To identify Zika virus‐related knowledge, attitudes to Zika virus and health motivations of pregnant women, women preparing for pregnancy and their partners, and to identify factors that influence preventive health behaviours for Zika virus infection. Background: Prevention of Zika virus infection is becoming a major worldwide public health effort. The high‐risk group for Zika virus infection comprises women who are pregnant or preparing for pregnancy. Few studies have addressed preventive health behaviours for Zika virus infection by gender. Design: This study was a descriptive cross‐sectional survey. Methods: Participants (112 males and 147 females) were selected by convenience sampling from three obstetric clinics located in South Korea. Women and their partners who visited obstetric clinics during pregnancy or preparing for pregnancy were included as subjects. Results: Factors associated with preventive health behaviours for Zika virus were checking infection status of Zika virus on destinations when planning a trip and attitudes to Zika virus in males and age, educational level, intention to travel to Zika virus endemic countries, attitudes to Zika virus and health motivation in females. Conclusions: Factors that influence preventive health behaviours for Zika virus were different by gender. However, attitudes to Zika virus were influential to both genders. Gender differences should be considered in development of health policies to improve preventive health behaviours for Zika virus. Younger and less educated women are to be targeted, and health management programmes should be developed to promote health motivation. Relevance to clinical practice: Pregnant women, women preparing for pregnancy and their partners need education and public health promotion to improve self‐management during travel to places where Zika virus is endemic. Health policies and health management programmes considering age and educational background should be developed to promote health motivation in women of childbearing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To examine nursing handoff, identify causes of handoff errors, evaluate current methods of handoff and determine the factors associated with handoff evaluation in delivery rooms and neonatal units of hospitals in South Korea. Background: Handoff is a critical communication process in clinical settings. Less attention has been paid to the handoff practice to assure safe perinatal care in hospitals. Design: This is a cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods: A total of 291 nurses participated in the study. They completed a set of self‐reporting questionnaires containing five instruments that evaluated demographic data and current handoff strategies, experience of handoff error, causes of handoff error, perception of patient safety culture and handoff evaluation. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression modelling. Results: Perception of patient safety culture was positively related to handoff evaluation, while experience and causes of handoff error were negatively related to handoff evaluation. A regression analysis showed that degree of cooperation among departments and units, reasonable communication and processes, and frequency of reported medical errors were positively related to handoff evaluation and the lack of documented guidelines or checklists was negatively associated with handoff evaluation. Conclusions: This study suggests that hospitals should develop a standardised handoff checklist according to documented guidelines, promote cooperation among hospital units and departments, enhance communication and clarify work processes to achieve safer care to create an affirmative culture that encourages reporting of errors to keep patients safe. Relevance to clinical practice: This study highlights the importance of standardising handoff process and systems, promoting communication and cooperating with each other to foster patient safety culture in perinatal care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To develop a nurse-led psychological intervention programme and to evaluate its effects on psychological distress and quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression. Background: Depression is common among patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Psychological intervention programmes that improve psychological distress and quality of life have previously been lacking in South Korea. Design: This was a pre- and post-test randomised controlled trial. Methods: The nurse-led psychological intervention programme comprised seven weekly counselling sessions delivered face to face and telephonically. These aimed to provide emotional support to patients and to enable them to express their feelings. Patients at a high risk of depression were recruited from an oncology outpatient clinic in a university hospital. Sixty participants were evenly and randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group. The effects of the intervention on psychological distress (mood disturbance, anxiety and depression) and quality of life were examined using linear mixed models. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported significantly lower mood disturbance, anxiety and depression and showed an improved global health status and physical, role and emotional functions. They also reported fewer symptoms such as fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain and insomnia. Conclusions: Our nurse-led psychological intervention programme might reduce patients’ uncertainty and encourage them to be proactive and self-controllable. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurse-led psychological intervention programmes should be implemented to reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life in patients with breast cancer, particularly those at a high risk of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To develop and validate an eye care educational programme for intensive care unit nurses. Background Eye care guidelines and protocols have been developed for increasing eye care implementation in intensive care units. However, the guidelines lack consistency in assessment or intervention methodology. Design This was a one-sample pre/postprogramme evaluation study design for testing the effects of the eye care educational programme, developed for and applied to intensive care unit nurses, on their levels of knowledge and awareness. Methods The eye care educational programme was developed based on literature review and survey of educational needs. Thirty intensive care unit nurses served as subjects for the study. Results The levels of eye care-related knowledge, awareness and practice were enhanced following the implementation of the educational programme. Moreover, satisfaction with the educational programme was high. Conclusion It is necessary to intensify eye care education aimed at new nurses who are inexperienced in intensive care unit nursing and provide continuing education on the latest eye care methods and information to experienced nurses. Relevance to clinical practice The eye care educational programme developed in this study can be used as a strategy to periodically assess the eye status of patients and facilitate the appropriate eye care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The objective was to survey the current state of human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccination and the predictors of vaccination intention among Korean male students of high school (ages 15-19) and university (ages 17-27). Background Human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted infectious agent causing uterine cervical, anal, and/or penile cancer and genital warts in males and females. Infection rate of human papillomavirus increases from the age when sexual intercourse first occurs. Therefore, motivation to receive human papillomavirus vaccination is needed to protect infection. Design Cross-sectional descriptive survey was performed only in male students. They are less aware of human papillomavirus than females, because human papillomavirus vaccination has been targeted on females for preventing cervical cancer in Korea. Methods Data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire for male high school and university students sampled from a city in Korea. Human papillomavirus vaccine-related knowledge, health beliefs, demographic, and sexual history information variables relating to intentions to vaccinate were assessed. Results The human papillomavirus vaccination rate was very low and the levels of knowledge and health beliefs were low. The significant predictors that raised the intention of human papillomavirus vaccination were a university student, experience of sexual intercourse and perceiving the benefits of human papillomavirus vaccination. Conclusions To promote human papillomavirus vaccination, educational programming targeting males should include health beliefs and knowledge, emphasising that vaccination is important to prevent uterine cervical cancer and to role as a preventative measure against common male diseases. Relevance to clinical practice Male high school students should be included as a major target population for school human papillomavirus education programmes, as they are at the age of commencing sexual intercourse. In addition, public health policies including human papillomavirus vaccination in the national immunisation programme are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic factors of short-term sexual recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction after phase II cardiac rehabilitation for six weeks. Background It is often observed that patients who have suffered acute myocardial infarction and have sufficient aerobic capacity for sexual activity do not recover sexual activity. Until now, few studies have investigated factors associated with recovery of sexual activity. Design Observational study. Methods Among 627 male patients with acute myocardial infarction who were referred for cardiac rehabilitation from October 2010-September 2014, 72 were finally analysed. Subjects who met all the following criteria were included: (1) completed a questionnaire about sexual activity before and after phase II cardiac rehabilitation; (2) showed usual sexual activity before onset of acute myocardial infarction and (3) revealed decreased sexual activity at baseline of cardiac rehabilitation compared to preacute myocardial infarction status despite ≥5 maximal metabolic equivalents. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and cardiopulmonary function obtained before cardiac rehabilitation was used for the analysis. Results (1) Twenty-five of the 72 subjects (34·7%) had improved sexual activity after six weeks of cardiac rehabilitation, but 47 (65·3%) continued the status of no-recovery sexual activity after cardiac rehabilitation. (2) Age, body mass index and use of statins were significantly different between subjects who recovered and those who did not. (3) No differences in other clinical characteristics and cardiopulmonary functions were detected between the two groups. (4) Age and body mass index were significant factors associated with recovery of sexual activity. Conclusions Age and body mass index were significant factors associated with recovery of sexual activity in acute myocardial infarction patients. Aerobic capacity at baseline of cardiac rehabilitation was not an independent factor to predict the recovery of sexual activity. Relevance to clinical practice These results should be considered when educating patients under phase II cardiac rehabilitation on their return to normal sexual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To identify the relationship between professionalism and professional quality of life among oncology nurses working at tertiary hospitals in Korea. Backgrounds Oncology nurses are combined with core competencies and qualities required in cancer patient care. Professionalism that means compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue is a main concept in problem-solving strategies as motivation. Their satisfaction is representative of professionalism and professional quality of life. However, little research has focused on professionalism and professional quality of life. Design A cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires. Methods A total of 285 nurses from two tertiary hospitals were included. Data collection was undertaken using Korean version of professionalism scale derived from the Hall Professional Inventory Scale and professional quality of life. Data were analysed by spss 21.0 for Windows Program using t-test, anova, and multiple regression. Results The mean score of professionalism in oncology nurses was 77·98 ± 7·31. The mean professional quality of life score for compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress was 33·84 ± 5·62, 28·38 ± 5·36 and 28·33 ± 5·48. Compassion satisfaction was affected by factors of professionalism with an explanatory power of 49·2%. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress were affected by factors of professionalism with an explanatory power of 39·3% and 4·8%. Conclusion The higher the professionalism leads to the higher the compassion satisfaction, the lower the compassion fatigue. The relationship between professionalism and professional quality of life for a health work environment requires further investigation. Relevance to clinical practice Our study supports the idea that enhancing professionalism can increase professional quality of life. It is necessary to develop professionalism by recognised qualifications and applied rewards in advanced nursing organisational culture. Furthermore, compassion satisfaction is increased by continuing ethical and moral education programme for clinical nurses to force professional dedication and encouraging nurses to affiliate themselves with the professional communities. Nurses are connected to professionalism affect the quality of nursing service for patients and professional quality of life for themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. The aim of this study was to survey nursing students' Middle East respiratory syndrome-related knowledge, preventive behaviours and risk perception to examine the correlations among the variables during a Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak. Background. Middle East respiratory syndrome is a new viral respiratory illness. Nursing students who engage in clinical practice at hospitals may have been exposed to Middle East respiratory syndrome infection during the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak. Design. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods. Participants (n = 249) were nursing students in their third or fourth year of the programme who were engaged in clinical practice for eight hours per day at the tertiary hospitals with Middle East respiratory syndrome patients. Knowledge, preventive behaviours and risk perception related to Middle East respiratory syndrome were measured using scales developed through a preliminary survey and validity testing. Results. The subjects' knowledge level of Middle East respiratory syndrome was 84-4%; their practice of preventive behaviours was rated at 44-5%; and their risk perception rating was 2-4 out of 5. Middle East respiratory syndrome-related risk perception was significantly different according to gender and Middle East respiratory syndrome education. Middle East respiratory syndrome-related knowledge was significantly correlated with preventive behaviours and risk perception. Conclusion. Considering the low scores for items regarding knowledge and preventive behaviours, it is necessary to develop effective and systematic publicity and education programmes for nursing students. Enhancing Middle East respiratory syndrome-related knowledge by considering cooperation between hospitals and universities will sharpen nursing students' risk perception of the disease and effectively increase their preventive behaviours. Relevance to clinical practice. Similar to other emerging infectious diseases, Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreaks may occur in other countries. The results of this study can be used to develop and apply efficient and feasible Middle East respiratory syndrome education programmes for nursing students during Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study was conducted to develop a family relocation stress scale by modifying the Son's Relocation Stress Syndrome Scale, to examine its clinical validity and reliability and to confirm its suitability for measuring family relocation stress. Background The transfer of ICU patients to general wards is a significant anxiety-producing event for family members. However, no relocation stress scale has been developed specifically for families. Design A nonexperimental, correlation design was adopted. Methods The study subjects were 95 family members of 95 ICU patients at a university hospital located in Incheon, South Korea. Face and construct validities of the devised family relocation stress scale were examined. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis and by using a nomological validity test. Reliability was also examined. Results Face and content validity of the scale were verified by confirming that its items adequately measured family relocation stress. Factor analysis yielded four components, and the total variance explained by these four components was 63·0%, which is acceptable. Nomological validity was well supported by significant relationships between relocation stress and degree of preparation for relocation, patient self-care ability, family burden and satisfaction with the relocation process. The devised scale was also found to have good reliability. Conclusions The family relocation stress scale devised in this study was found to have good validity and reliability, and thus, is believed to offer a means of assessing family relocation stress. Relevance to clinical practice The findings of this study provide a reliable and valid assessment tool when nurses prepare families for patient transfer from an ICU to a ward setting, and may also provide useful information to those developing an intervention programme for family relocation stress management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The study was conducted to investigate the levels of implementation of knowledge management and outcomes of nursing performance, to examine the relationships between core knowledge management factors and nursing performance outcomes and to identify core knowledge management factors affecting these outcomes. Background Effective knowledge management is very important to achieve strong organisational performance. The success or failure of knowledge management depends on how effectively an organisation's members share and use their knowledge. Because knowledge management plays a key role in enhancing nursing performance, identifying the core factors and investigating the level of knowledge management in a given hospital are priorities to ensure a high quality of nursing for patients. Design The study employed a descriptive research procedure. Participants The study sample consisted of 192 nurses registered in three large healthcare organisations in South Korea. Method The variables demographic characteristics, implementation of core knowledge management factors and outcomes of nursing performance were examined and analysed in this study. Results The relationships between the core knowledge management factors and outcomes of nursing performance as well as the factors affecting the performance outcomes were investigated. A knowledge-sharing culture and organisational learning were found to be core factors affecting nursing performance. Conclusion The study results provide basic data that can be used to formulate effective knowledge management strategies for enhancing nursing performance in hospital nursing organisations. In particular, prioritising the adoption of a knowledge-sharing culture and organisational learning in knowledge management systems might be one method for organisations to more effectively manage their knowledge resources and thus to enhance the outcomes of nursing performance and achieve greater business competitiveness. Relevance to clinical practice The study results can contribute to the development of effective and efficient knowledge management systems and strategies for enhancing knowledge-sharing culture and organisational learning that can improve both the productivity and competitiveness of healthcare organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]