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Aims and Objectives: The critical care nursing workforce is in crisis, with one‐third of critical care nurses worldwide intending to leave their roles. This paper aimed to examine the problem from a wellbeing perspective, offering implications for research, and potential solutions for organisations. Design: Discursive/Position paper. Method: The discussion is based on the nursing and wellbeing literature. It is guided by the authors' collaborative expertise as both clinicians and researchers. Data were drawn from nursing and wellbeing peer‐reviewed literature, such as reviews and empirical studies, national surveys and government and thinktank publications/reports. Results: Critical care nurses have been disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic with studies consistently showing critical care nurses to have the worst psychological outcomes on wellbeing measures, including depression, burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings are not only concerning for the mental wellbeing of critical care nurses, they also raise significant issues for healthcare systems/organisations: poor wellbeing, increased burnout and PTSD are directly linked with critical care nurses intending to leave the profession. Thus, the wellbeing of critical care nurses must urgently be supported. Resilience has been identified as a protective mechanism against the development of PTSD and burnout, thus offering evidence‐based interventions that address resilience and turnover have much to offer in tackling the workforce crisis. However, turnover data must be collected by studies evaluating resilience interventions, to further support their evidence base. Organisations cannot solely rely on the efficacy of these interventions to address their workforce crisis but must concomitantly engage in organisational change. Conclusions: We conclude that critical care nurses are in urgent need of preventative, evidence‐based wellbeing interventions, and make suggestions for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the co‐designing process of an online support programme with and for informal carers of people with heart failure. Design: A co‐design process built on core concepts and ideas embedded in co‐design methodology. Data sources: Our co‐design process included three phases involving 32 informal caregivers and 25 content creators; (1) Identification of topics and content through literature searches, focus group interviews and user group sessions; (2) Development of the online support programme and; (3) Refinement and finalization which included testing a paper prototype followed by testing the online version and testing and approval of the final version of the support programme. Outcomes: The co‐design process resulted in a support programme consisting of 15 different modules relevant to informal carers, delivered on a National Health Portal. Conclusion: Co‐design is an explorative process where researchers need to balance a range of potentially conflicting factors and to ensure that the end users are genuinely included in the process. Relevance to clinical practice: Emphasizing equal involvement of end users (e.g. carers or patients) in the design and development of healthcare interventions aligns with contemporary ideas of person‐centred care and provides a valuable learning opportunity for those involved. Furthermore, a co‐designed online support programme has the capacity to be both accessible and meet end users' information and support needs, thereby optimizing their self‐care abilities. Additionally, an online support programme provides the opportunity to address current challenges regarding scarce resources and the lack of healthcare personnel. Reporting methods: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). Patient or public contribution: Both informal carers and content creators were involved in developing the support programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To explore organisation‐wide experiences of person‐centred care and risk assessment practices using existing healthcare organisation documentation. Background: There is increasing emphasis on multidimensional risk assessments during hospital admission. However, little is known about how nurses use multidimensional assessment documentation in clinical practice to address preventable harms and optimise person‐centred care. Design: A qualitative descriptive study reported according to COREQ. Methods: Metropolitan tertiary hospital and rehabilitation hospital servicing a population of 550,000. A sample of 111 participants (12 patients, 4 family members/carers, 94 nurses and 1 allied health professional) from a range of wards/clinical locations. Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted at two time points. The audio recording was transcribed, and an inductive thematic analysis was used to provide insight from multiple perspectives. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) 'What works well in practice' included: efficiency in the structure of the documentation; the Introduction, Situation, Background Assessment, Recommendation (ISBAR) framework and prompting for clinical decision‐making were valued by nurses; and direct patient care is always prioritised. (2) 'What does not work well in practice': obtaining the patient's signature on daily care plans; multidisciplinary (MDT) involvement; duplication of paperwork and person‐centred goals are not well‐captured in care plan documentation. (3) 'Experience of care'; satisfaction of person‐centred care; communication in the MDT was important, but sometimes insufficient; patients had variable involvement in their daily care plan; and inadequate integration of care between MDT team which negatively impacted patients. Conclusions: Efficient and streamlined documentation systems should herald feedback from nurses to address their clinical workflow needs and can support, and capture, their decision‐making that enables partnership with patients to improve the individualisation of care provision. Relevance to clinical practice: The integration of effective MDT involvement in clinical documentation was problematic and resulted in unmet supportive care from the patient's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 has infected millions of patients and impacted healthcare workers worldwide. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a key component of protecting frontline clinicians against infection. The benefits of PPE far outweigh the risks, nonetheless, many clinicians are exhibiting skin injury caused by PPE worn incorrectly. These skin injuries, ranging from lesions to open wounds are concerning because they increase the susceptibility of viral infection and transmission to other individuals. Early into the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020), the U. S. National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) developed a series of position statements to improve wear‐ability of PPE and protect healthcare professionals and their patients as safe from harm as possible under the circumstances. The NPIAP positions, which were formed by conducting a systematic review of what was known at the time, include: (a) Prepare skin before and after wearing PPE with skin sealants, barrier creams and moisturisers; (b) Frequent PPE offloading to relieve pressure and shear applied to skin; (c) treat visible skin injuries immediately caused by PPE to minimise future infection; (d) non‐porous dressings may provide additional skin protection, but lack evidence; (e) health systems should take care to educate clinicians about placement and personal hygiene related to handling PPE. Throughout all of these practices, handwashing remains a top priority to handle PPE. These NPIAP positions provided early guidance to reduce the risk of skin injury caused by PPE based on available research regarding PPE injuries, a cautious application of evidence‐based recommendations on prevention of device‐related pressure injuries in patients and the expert opinion of the NPIAP Board of Directors. Clinicians who adhere to these recommendations reduce the prospects of skin damage and long‐term effects (e.g. scarring). These simple steps to minimise the risk of skin injury and reduce the risk of coronavirus infection from PPE can help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe and discuss clinical strategies for nurses working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers for people living with advanced dementia. Background: By providing person‐centred care to patients living with advanced dementia, nurses are positioned to work in partnership with substitute decision‐makers who make healthcare decisions related to advanced care. Because the experience of being substitute decision‐makers is complex and stressful, nurses need skillsets for working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers. Design: In this discursive paper, an innovative framework for working in partnership with substitute decision‐makers is proposed. Method: Evidence‐based findings from a systematic review provided five domain foci for the partnership framework. In each domain, two clinical strategies were discursively proposed. Clinical strategies were hypothesised from research findings and insights from the authors' nursing experiences. Then, topical literature was searched, and findings were used to support the discursively argued strategies. Discussion: To deal with complexities and reduce stress for substitute decision‐makers, an innovative Nurse–Substitute Decision‐Maker Partnership Framework for use in the context of advanced dementia is proposed and discussed. The partnership framework consists of five domains: Building trust, Exploring emotions, Translating quality of life, Encouraging proactivity and Negotiating families. Within these domains, ten strategies to support the practices of clinical nurses to work in partnership with substitute decision‐makers are discussed. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In the framework, the ten clinical nursing strategies are designed to provide targeted care to substitute decision‐makers in areas that are known to cause complexity and stress to them. The Nurse–Substitute Decision‐Maker Partnership Framework has been designed to improve nurse–substitute decision‐maker partnerships and reduce the stress experienced by substitute decision‐makers as they work through the complexities associated with advanced dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inpatient nursing documentation facilitates multi‐disciplinary team care and tracking of patient progress. In both high‐ and low‐ and middle‐income settings, it is largely paper‐based and may be used as a template for electronic medical records. However, there is limited evidence on how they have been developed. Objective: To synthesise evidence on how paper‐based nursing records have been developed and implemented in inpatient settings to support documentation of nursing care. Design: A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Eligibility criteria: We included studies that described the process of designing paper‐based inpatient records and excluded those focussing on electronic records. Included studies were published in English up to October 2019. Sources of evidence: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane supplemented by free‐text searches on Google Scholar and snowballing the reference sections of included papers. Results: 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. We extracted data on study characteristics, the development process and outcomes related to documentation of inpatient care. Studies reviewed followed a process of problem identification, literature review, chart (re)design, piloting, implementation and evaluation but varied in their execution of each step. All studies except one reported a positive change in inpatient documentation or the adoption of charts amid various challenges. Conclusions: The approaches used seemed to work for each of the studies but could be strengthened by following a systematic process. Human‐centred Design provides a clear process that prioritises the healthcare professional's needs and their context to deliver a usable product. Problems with the chart could be addressed during the design phase rather than during implementation, thereby promoting chart ownership and uptake since users are involved throughout the design. This will translate to better documentation of inpatient care thus facilitating better patient tracking, improved team communication and better patient outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice: Paper‐based charts should be designed in a systematic and clear process that considers patient's and healthcare professional's needs contributing to improved uptake of charts and therefore better documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Using an integrated model of health literacy, we discuss the importance of health literacy among foreign domestic workers in the provision of informal caregiving during outbreaks of communicable diseases. COVID‐19 pandemic is used as an example. Background: Adequate health literacy in the population is known to be important for the prevention of communicable diseases. Foreign domestic workers, a group of marginalised caregivers in private households, are generally presumed to have limited health literacy because of numerous socio‐cultural disadvantages. To date, there is limited evidence that these informal healthcare providers receive support from community‐based nurses. Design: A discursive paper. Conclusion: Foreign domestic workers, with varying levels of health literacy, may be viewed either as a resource to break the chain of infection or as a potential reservoir of communicable diseases in the community. Meanwhile, restrictions imposed in response to diseases transmissions (e.g. stay‐at‐home measures for COVID‐19) may directly exacerbate the social support received by these foreign domestic works and their ability to access health‐related information. There are also concerns about their ability to appraise and evaluate information related to communicable diseases at a time when fake news and misinformation are being disseminated through social media. Language and cultural barriers are important issues that need to be addressed to ensure that foreign domestic workers are in a position to follow public health recommendations. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses hold an important position in empowering foreign domestic workers with adequate health literacy, by engaging groups of foreign domestic workers in the community and their consulates in planning educational programmes and effectively disseminating information. At a time of global pandemic, an assessment of the health literacy levels of foreign domestic workers in places like Hong Kong is urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Background Design Findings Conclusion Relevance to clinical practice To highlight the need for the development of effective and realistic workforce strategies for critical care nurses, in both a steady state and pandemic.In acute care settings, there is an inverse relationship between nurse staffing and iatrogenesis, including mortality. Despite this, there remains a lack of consensus on how to determine safe staffing levels. Intensive care units (ICU) provide highly specialised complex healthcare treatments. In developed countries, mortality rates in the ICU setting are high and significantly varied after adjustment for diagnosis. The variability has been attributed to systems, patient and provider issues including the workload of critical care nurses.Discursive paper.Nursing workforce is the single most influential mediating variable on ICU patient outcomes. Numerous systematic reviews have been undertaken in an effort to quantify the effect of critical care nurses on mortality and morbidity, invariably leading to the conclusion that the association is similar to that reported in acute care studies. This is a consequence of methodological limitations, inconsistent operational definitions and variability in endpoint measures. We evaluated the impact inadequate measurement has had on capturing relevant critical care data, and we argue for the need to develop effective and realistic ICU workforce measures.COVID‐19 has placed an unprecedented demand on providing health care in the ICU. Mortality associated with ICU admission has been startling during the pandemic. While ICU systems have largely remained static, the context in which care is provided is profoundly dynamic and the role and impact of the critical care nurse needs to be measured accordingly. Often, nurses are passive recipients of unplanned and under‐resourced changes to workload, and this has been brought into stark visibility with the current COVID‐19 situation. Unless critical care nurses are engaged in systems management, achieving consistently optimal ICU patient outcomes will remain elusive.Objective measures commonly fail to capture the complexity of the critical care nurses’ role despite evidence to indicate that as workload increases so does risk of patient mortality, job stress and attrition. Critical care nurses must lead system change to develop and evaluate valid and reliable workforce measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To assess and compare the quality of paper-based and electronic- based health records. The comparison examined three criteria: content, documentation process and structure. Background: Nursing documentation is a significant indicator of the quality of patient care delivery. It can be either paper-based or organised within the system known as the electronic health records. Nursing documentation must be completed at the highest standards, to ensure the safety and quality of healthcare services. However, the evidence is not clear on which one of the two forms of documentation (paper-based versus electronic health records is more qualified. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, comparative design was used to address the study’s purposes. A convenient number of patients’ records, from two public hospitals, were audited using the Cat-ch-Ing audit instrument. The sample size consisted of 434 records for both paper-based health records and electronic health records from medical and surgical wards. Results: Electronic health records were better than paper-based health records in terms of process and structure. In terms of quantity and quality content, paper-based records were better than electronic health records. The study affirmed the poor quality of nursing documentation and lack of nurses’ knowledge and skills in the nursing process and its application in both paper-based and electronic-based systems. Conclusion: Both forms of documentation revealed drawbacks in terms of content, process and structure. This study provided important information, which can guide policymakers and administrators in identifying effective strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of nursing documentation. Relevance to clinical practice: Policies and actions to ensure quality nursing documentation at the national level should focus on improving nursing knowledge, competencies, practice in nursing process, enhancing the work environment and nursing workload, as well as strengthening the capacity building of nursing practice to improve the quality of nursing care and patients’ outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To describe the documentation of pro re nata (PRN) medication for anxiety and to compare documentation at two hospitals providing similar psychiatric services, one that used paper charts and another that used an electronic health record (EHR). We also assessed congruence between nursing documentation and verbal reports from staff about the PRN administration process. Background: The ability to accurately document patients’ symptoms and the care given is considered a core competency of the nursing profession (Wilkinson, Nursing process and critical thinking, Saddle River, 2007); however, researchers have found poor concordance between nursing notes and verbal reports or observations of events (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552) and considerable information missing (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552). Additionally, the administration of PRN medication has consistently been noted to be poorly documented (e.g., Baker et al., 2008, J Clin Nurs, 17, 1122–1131). Design: The project was a mixed‐method, two‐phase study that collected data from two sites. Methods: In phase 1, nursing documentation of PRN medication administrations was reviewed in patient charts; phase 2 included verbal reports from staff about this practice. Results: Nurses using EHR documented more information than those using paper charts, including the reason for PRN administration, who initiated the administration, and effectiveness. There were some differences between written and verbal reports, including whether potential side effects were explained to patients prior to PRN administration. Conclusions: We continue the calls for attention to be paid to improving the quality of nursing documentation. Our results support the shift to using EHR, yet not relying on this method completely to ensure comprehensiveness of documentation. Relevance to clinical practice: Efforts to address the quality of documentation, particularly for PRN administration, are needed. This could be made through training, using structured report templates and by switching to electronic databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To describe and discuss the “Basic Care Revisited” (BCR) research programme, a collaborative initiative that contributes to evidence‐based basic nursing care and raises awareness about the importance of basic nursing care activities. Background: While basic nursing care serves nearly all people at some point in their lifetime, it is poorly informed by evidence. There is a need to prioritise and evaluate basic nursing care activities to improve patient outcomes and improve the quality of care. Design: Discussion paper Method: The discussion presented in this paper is based on nursing literature and theory and supported by the authors’ clinical and research experiences. We present the developmental process and content of a research programme called “Basic Care Revisited” (BCR) as a solution to move forward and improve basic nursing care. Discussion: To prioritise basic nursing care, we propose a research programme entitled “Basic Care Revisited” that aims to create awareness and expand knowledge on evidence‐based basic nursing care by addressing four basic nursing care themes (bathing and dressing, communication, mobility, and nutrition) in different settings. The paper discusses a pathway to create a sustainable and productive research collaborative on basic nursing care and addresses issues to build research capacity. Relevance to clinical practice: Revaluation of these important nursing activities will not only positively influence patient outcomes, but also have an impact on staff outcomes and organisational outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To discuss the risks that heteronormative assumptions play in prostate cancer care and how these may be addressed. Background There is international evidence to support the case that LGBT patients with cancer are less likely to report poor health or self-disclose sexual orientation. Gender-specific cancers, such as prostate cancer, require particular interventions in terms of supportive care. These may include advice about side-effect management (such as incontinence or erectile dysfunction), treatment choices and social and emotional issues. In this paper, we discuss and analyse the heteronormative assumptions and culture that exist around this cancer. We argue that this situation may act as a barrier to effective supportive care for all Lesbian women, Gay, Transgender and Bisexual patients, in this case men who have sex with men. [Correction added on 21 September 2017, after first online publication: The first sentence of the Background section has been revised for clarity in this current version.] Design Theoretical exploration of heteronormativity considered against the clinical context of prostate cancer. Methods Identification and inclusion of relevant international evidence combined with clinical discussion. Results This paper posits a number of questions around heteronormativity in relation to prostate cancer information provision, supportive care and male sexuality. While assumptions regarding sexual orientation should be avoided in clinical encounters, this may be difficult when heteronormative assumptions dominate. Existing research supports the assertion that patient experience, including the needs of LGBT patients, should be central to service developments. Conclusion Assumptions about sexual orientation should be avoided and recorded accurately and sensitively, and relational models of care should be promoted at the start of cancer treatment in an appropriate manner. These may assist in reducing the risks of embarrassment or offence to nonheterosexual patients, or to professionals who may adopt heteronormative assumptions. Relevance to clinical practice Having an awareness of the risks of making heteronormative assumptions in clinical practice will be useful for all health professionals engaged in prostate cancer care. This awareness can prevent embarrassment or upset for patients and ensure a more equitable provision of service, including men with prostate cancer who do not identify as heterosexual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the authors present ten bad reasons researchers prefer to publish their papers in hijacked journals, which according to Iranian editor Dr. Mehrdad Jalalian are fake websites that mimic authentic journals to attract submissions. Topics include lack of advanced information technology knowledge, claim of being indexed in scientific databases and an email inbox full of spam invitation to publish, present and join esteemed journal editorial boards.

Aims and objectives. The aims of this study were to measure skin moisture and transepidermal water loss after application of uncoated paper and to compare skin moisture and transepidermal water loss after use of uncoated paper and disposable underpads. Study design. The study was a cross-over, prospective, open-labeled, randomized trial. Sample and setting. Bedridden patients aged ≥18 years at a medical center in Korea were included. Treatment order was randomly assigned using block randomization, with a block size of 4 and an assignment rate of one-by-one. Methods. Skin moisture was measured using a Corneometer 825 and transepidermal water loss was measured using a Tewameter 300. Results. Skin moisture after application of an uncoated paper was significantly lower than observed after application of a disposable underpad (mean 40·6 and SD 13·1 vs. mean 64·6 and SD 23·7, p < 0·001). Transepidermal water loss also showed greater health scores after using uncoated paper (mean 11·1 and SD 5·7 g/m2/hour) than after applying a disposable underpad (mean 23·2 and SD 11·1 g/m2/hour, p < 0·001). There were no statistical between-group differences in room temperature, relative humidity, and body temperature. Conclusion. We found that uncoated paper was helpful in avoiding excessive moisture without adverse effects. Relevance to clinical practice. As indicated by the results of this study, uncoated paper can be applied to bed-ridden patients who required incontinence care. Nurses may consider using uncoated paper as one of nursing methods in the routine care of bed-ridden patients for moisture control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore patterns of help-seeking in women who have sexual dysfunction and the implications for nursing practice. Background Female sexual dysfunction is a common problem that is under-reported and untreated. Barriers to help-seeking reported in existing literature relate to the perception among many women that sexual dysfunction is: part of the normal ageing process; not bothersome or does not exist; an issue that health professionals are reluctant to address; a taboo subject. However, little is known about patterns of help-seeking in women with sexual problems. This leaves a potential gap in nursing knowledge regarding appropriate, supportive strategies. Design Discursive inquiry framed theoretically by Vogel's model. Methods A literature review was undertaken by searching relevant databases. A combination of keywords was used to identify peer-review papers relating to women's help-seeking behaviour for sexual dysfunction. Vogel's model was used as a framework to extract relevant information from the papers and structure the discussion. Results Vogel's model comprises four steps: encoding and interpreting, generating options, decision-making and evaluation of behaviour. Using this stepwise approach helped elucidate the complex mechanisms associated with help-seeking in a structured manner. The key issues associated with help-seeking intention are concerned with women's personal awareness of and interaction with the environment. Conclusions Vogel's model offers a new approach to understanding the dynamics that underpin women's decisions to seek professional help when sexual concerns arise and also provides a useful framework for nurses to consider women's specific sexual concerns. Relevance to clinical practice Implications for nursing practice are focused on public awareness, women's empowerment and the provision of effective sexual health care. Because sexual dysfunction is a global phenomenon, it is likely that the discussion in this paper will be relevant to an international, nursing readership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s): To synthesise the literature about transgender and non‐binary people's experiences of cervical cancer screening and identify ways to improve screening. Background: Transgender people often face barriers to accessing health services including cervical screening, where transgender people have a lower uptake than cisgender women. Design: A scoping review was undertaken following the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework and the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Following database searching of Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CINHAL, 23 papers published between 2008 and 2003 were included. Papers were included if they shared trans and non‐binary people's experiences of cervical screening and were written in English. There were no date or geographical data restrictions due to the paucity of research. Results: Transgender people experience barriers to cervical screening including gender dysphoria, a history of sexual trauma, and mistrust in health professionals or health services, which can result in having negative experiences of screening or avoiding screening. Health professionals can help to create a positive experience by informing themselves about best practices for trans+ health. Conclusion: Changes are required to improve transgender people's experiences and uptake of cervical screening. Improving medical education about trans health and updating health systems would help to combat issues discussed. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Having an understanding of the reasons why accessing health services can be more difficult for transgender people will help health professionals to provide appropriate care for transgender patients. This paper details this in the context of cervical cancer screening and can be applied to other areas of healthcare. Reporting Method: We have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the PRISMA‐ScR reporting method. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives. This education-focused paper presents a discussion of possible data sources used in patient safety issues specific to fall reduction in hospital inpatient care settings. Background. Although hospitals and clinicians in the USA have been implored to improve care and reduce events that harm patients (falls), studies to date have failed to clearly address the facility system-level factors for falls. Making meaningful approaches to modify risk factors is clearly overdue. Design. Discursive paper. Method. Possible data sources for answering patient fall-related research questions in hospital settings are categorised as: (1) archived hospital data, (2) surveys of patients/families/clinicians, (3) interviews and focus groups of patients/families/clinicians, (4) publicly available data sets and (5) published legal cases. The complexities of research in fall prevention are illustrated using the conceptual models. Examples were included to illustrate the use of these data sources. Discussion. Data-related issues include: (1) unit of analysis, (2) computer data processing capabilities, (3) merging data sets from different sources and (4) data abstraction, aggregation and data analytic techniques. Conclusions. The trend to use multiple data sources to answer research questions is gradually emerging. To demonstrate effective fall prevention efforts across hospitals, publicly available data sets can be reliable sources for analyses to inform policymakers about meaningful fall prevention programmes that result in positive outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice. Challenges to develop and evaluate any interventions to eliminate risk factors for falls often relate to selecting feasible interventions and whether staff members accept the interventions and adhere to adopting the intervention. Using multiple data sources with time factors to cross-validate the sufficiency of nurses' knowledge with their practice patterns may be more productive. This need further supports the importance of this paper about possible data sources used in the research on patient safety specific to fall reduction for adults in hospital inpatient care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on why papers are rejected during initial screening and offers tips to avoid rejection. Topics include that majority of papers are rejected during initial screening, and are grouped under three headings including substance, science and style; and the journal should be relevant to nursing practice along with literature reviews.

Aims and objectives: The aim of this integrative review was to investigate current literature exploring relationships between general self‐efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people. Background: Enhancing the health and well‐being of older adults, while mitigating consequences of illness and frailty are important priorities in healthy ageing. General self‐efficacy is closely associated with human behaviour and has been linked with improved health and well‐being. Design: An integrative review using the five‐stage method described by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546). Methods: Academic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo were searched between 2010 and 2020 for original, peer‐reviewed papers, published in English that investigated general self‐efficacy and factors associated with the healthy ageing of older people. Included papers were critically appraised using the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and underwent data abstraction and synthesis via a constant comparative method. This review was also evaluated using the PRISMA checklist. Results: Twenty‐one papers were included in this review. Two main themes emerged. The first highlights positive relationships between general self‐efficacy and health and ageing perceptions, with subsequent influence on health behaviours. The second includes two sub‐themes, which explores general self‐efficacy's role in maintaining well‐being through its effects on psychological health and overcoming physical decline through adaption to changing physical and health conditions. Conclusions: Promoting general self‐efficacy has potential benefits for the healthy ageing of older people through positive effects on ageing and health perceptions, health behaviours, psychological health and overcoming physical decline. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding how general self‐efficacy facilitates healthy ageing can guide nursing practices that reduce or mitigate consequences of illness and physical decline on the health and well‐being of older people. Strategies aimed at increasing older people's general self‐efficacy can help to facilitate subsequent positive effects on factors that promote healthy ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To report a reflection on the role, challenges and opportunities for nurses with advanced education in research outside the academic field. Design: A discursive paper. Data Sources: We reported the case of an Italian paediatric research hospital where PhD‐prepared nurses started to apply their knowledge and competencies in different fields, both in clinical and organizational settings. From this experience, an overview of the possible barriers and challenges that PhD‐prepared nurses may face up within the hospital setting. Discussion: The application of PhD‐prepared nurses in hospital settings could be an opportunity to advance high standards of quality of care in managerial and clinical areas and to create networks between highly specialized professional figures and different clinical‐care realities. Conclusion: More research is needed to explore how to apply the advanced competencies of PhD‐prepared nurses within healthcare organizations to provide high‐quality and safe care and services. This paper can provide insights for a reflection on applying and developing PhD‐prepared nurses' skills and competencies within the hospital setting in clinical, research and managerial areas. This can enhance the effective application of highly competent nursing professional figures. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution, due to study design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To summarise, interpret and synthesize research findings on patients' and nurses' experiences of caring in nursing across clinical practices. Background: Caring is a universal element of nursing; however, economic restrictions often negatively impact health services, and time shortages and limited numbers of staff may characterize care encounters. It is unclear how these contextual conditions affect patients' and nurses' experiences of caring. Design and Methods: This integrative literature review covers papers published between 2000 and 2022. Four databases—PubMed, PsycINFO (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid) and CINAHL (via EBSCO)—were systematically searched for eligible papers in May 2022. The included studies were critically appraised. Content analysis was performed to interpret and synthesize the findings. In accordance with the EQUATOR guidelines, the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA‐S checklists were used. An Integrative review methodology guided the process. Findings: In total, 33 studies were included in the review. Three themes captured the experiences of caring in nursing: (1) the complexity of the nursing care context, (2) the professionalism of the nurse, and (3) the trusting patient–nurse relationship. Conclusion: The experience of caring in nursing depended on nurses' competence and discretion in the personal encounter framed by the nursing context. The caring relationship was based on reciprocity, but it remains asymmetrical, as the nurse had the power and responsibility to empower the patient. Barriers, such as increased demands for efficiency and resource scarcity, may hinder the experience of caring in nursing. Implications for the profession and patient care: By promoting an ongoing discussion of caring in nursing, nurse management can systematically support nurses in reflecting on their practice in diverse and complex clinical contexts. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution was made due to the study design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To obtain a deeper understanding of peoples' experiences of cancer treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Background: ICIs are transforming survival outcomes for many with certain advanced cancers. Given the possibility of unique immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), understanding treatment experiences is crucial to identify support needs and provide safe and effective person‐centred care. Design: A systematic review of qualitative research and thematic synthesis. To report this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Analysis and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidance have been used. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2022 for eligible studies published in English from database inception. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened records, identified papers for inclusion and appraised methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Themes were developed using thematic synthesis. Results: Eighteen papers were included and three analytical themes developed: immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment decision‐making; the experience and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments; and appraising and responding to irAEs. Conclusion: The synthesis renders visible individuals' unmet information, psychological and practical support needs. It identifies shortcomings in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment decision‐making processes and highlights the need for healthcare professionals to recognise and sensitively handle individuals' treatment expectations. Individuals' understandings of and responses to irAEs are also illustrated, and attention drawn to patients' concerns about healthcare professionals' checkpoint inhibitor and irAEs knowledge. Implications for Patient Care: To sensitively manage treatment expectations and uncertainties, and optimise health outcomes, there are distinct points in treatment trajectories where care and support might require adapting and enhancing. Impact: This review addresses people's experiences of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. The core findings reveal unmet information, psychological and practical support needs. Insights derived from this review will enhance individuals' experiences and outcomes and healthcare professionals' practice. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the rate of NUPs and associated factors in the PED of the 'Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe' in Valencia (Spain) using Andersen's Behavioural Model. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study using Andersen's Behavioural Model in parents visiting the PED with their children at the 'Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe' in Valencia (Spain). Results: The study involved a total of 530 participants, of whom 419 (79%) had made an NUP. The predisposing factors identified were: (I) paediatric patients brought in by their fathers (OR = 0.460; p = 0.005), (II) lower educational attainment (OR = 3.841; p = 0.000), (III) first‐time parenthood (OR = 2.335; p = 0.000) and (IV) higher parental stress (OR = 1.974; p = 0.023). The enabling factors included: (I) responsibility for a significant part of the childcare shared with others (OR = 0.348; p = 0.041) and (II) the perception that PEDs provide better care than primary care (PC) services (OR = 1.628; p = 0.005). The need factors were: (I) existing chronic illness in the child seeking care (OR = 0.343; p = 0.000) and (II) the perceived severity of the urgency (OR = 0.440; p = 0.031). Conclusions: The NUP rates found in this study are similar to those found internationally. In accordance with Andersen's Behavioural Model, we identify predisposing, enabling and need factors to explain the multifactorial nature of NUPs in PEDs. Implications for Practice: Identifying the factors associated with NUPs enables interventions to be targeted at those groups most likely to engage in NUPs, thereby optimising the functioning of the PED and improving the well‐being of children and families. These interventions should focus on improving parental health literacy, providing education on making appropriate decisions about accessing health services and recognising severe symptoms in children, as well as improving access to high‐quality PC services. Providing support to parents during the transition to parenthood would also be beneficial. Reporting Method: This paper adheres to the STROBE initiative guidelines. Contribution from patients or members of the public: Participants, who voluntarily agreed to take part, contributed to the study by completing a paper‐based questionnaire containing all the study variables as prepared by the research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Globally, the population is ageing, and more people live in residential care. Best practice in personal hygiene care may reduce distressing and debilitating skin and oral problems and improve resident outcomes. Although there is guidance on personal hygiene care, implementation may be a challenge. Aim: To identify barriers and facilitators to delivering personal hygiene care for older persons in residential care settings. Methods: Systematic review reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidance. Databases MEDLINE, CIHAHL and PsychINFO were systematically searched using terms and synonyms 'barriers', 'facilitators', 'hygiene', 'older adults' and 'residential care'. Only empirical studies, reporting everyday skin and oral care, in English, peer reviewed and published from 2000 to 2021 were included. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Sixteen papers yielded nine categories of barrier or facilitator. Five related to skin and oral care: (i) knowledge, (ii) skills relating to hygiene care, (iii) skills relating to supporting 'uncooperative' behaviours, (iv) lack of resources and (v) time, workload and staffing levels. The remainder related only to oral care: (vi) resident, family or carer motivation, (vii) dislike of hygiene care, (viii) carer attitudes and beliefs and (ix) social influences and communication. Six papers reported interventions to optimise care. Conclusion: This review highlights the persistent dearth of research into everyday personal hygiene practices, in particular skin hygiene in residential care. Existing literature identifies a range of barriers; however, there is a mismatch between these and reported interventions to improve practice. Relevance to clinical practice: Advances in implementation science to support optimal care have yet to be applied to interventions to support hygiene practices in care homes and it is imperative this is addressed. Future interventions should involve: (i) systematically and theoretically assessing barriers, (ii) application of tailored behaviour change techniques (iii) using these co‐design pragmatic, locally acceptable strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the nature of interactions that enable older inpatients with cognitive impairments to engage with hospital staff on falls prevention. Design: Ethnographic study. Methods: Ethnographic observations on orthopaedic and older person wards in English hospitals (251.25 h) and semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 50 staff, 28 patients and three carers. Findings were analysed using a framework approach. Results: Interactions were often informal and personalised. Staff qualities that supported engagement in falls prevention included the ability to empathise and negotiate, taking patient perspectives into account. Although registered nurses had limited time for this, families/carers and other staff, including engagement workers, did so and passed information to nurses. Conclusions: Some older inpatients with cognitive impairments engaged with staff on falls prevention. Engagement enabled them to express their needs and collaborate, to an extent, on falls prevention activities. To support this, we recommend wider adoption in hospitals of engagement workers and developing the relational skills that underpin engagement in training programmes for patient‐facing staff. Implications for Profession and Patient Care: Interactions that support cognitively impaired inpatients to engage in falls prevention can involve not only nurses, but also families/carers and non‐nursing staff, with potential to reduce pressures on busy nurses and improve patient safety. Reporting Method: The paper adheres to EQUATOR guidelines, Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient/public contributors were involved in study design, evaluation and data analysis. They co‐authored this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The aim was to conduct a synthesis of the literature on value‐creating care for older persons with incontinence provided with toileting assistance and containment strategies, from the perspectives of older persons and healthcare professionals. Background: Incontinence is a health problem for many persons worldwide and the problem will increase as the global population ages. It can have a profound impact on a person's wellbeing, and assistance with toileting and containment strategies is common in home care settings and nursing homes. Design: The design was a literature review with an iterative, reflexive and critical approach. Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis was conducted. Ten papers published between 2011 and 2019 were analysed. The PRISMA ‐ScR Checklist was used in this review. Results: Based on the findings, the conceptual construct 'The art of connectedness' was developed, built on co‐created care, personalised care and reflective care between the older person and healthcare professionals. Co‐created care is based on establishing a relationship, building trust and respecting preferences. Personalised care consists of meeting the person's needs, promoting comfort and maintaining self‐determination. Reflective care entails showing empathy, upholding the person's dignity and developing professional competence. Conclusions: Value‐creating care consists conceptually of a connectedness that starts with co‐creating the care together with the older person in a close relationship. Assistance is given and received based on the older person's individual needs and is highly valued by the older person as it helps them maintain self‐determination. Reflective care is of importance for healthcare professionals. Relevance for practice: The findings are hoped to enhance healthcare professionals' understanding of how to improve the clinical encounter in nursing when providing assistance. They may also stimulate critical reflection among healthcare professionals on how to improve assistance to meet the older person's values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To synthesise the evidence relating to the contribution nurses make during respiratory infectious disease pandemics. Background: Pandemics are known for their abrupt and contagious nature, as well as their impact on individuals and society. Nurses are more likely to work closely with patients experiencing illness and disease during pandemics, and studies on the role of the profession have mainly focused on the challenges, barriers and shortfalls in nursing care provision. The nursing role in service delivery and their contribution in improving patient well‐being has received far less attention. Methods: In May 2020, three review registers, grey literature and the following databases were searched: Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL via EBSCO and Cochrane Library. The specific focus was on qualitative literature that considered the experiences and perceptions of nurses providing care during several respiratory pandemics. Selected papers were appraised using CASP checklist. ENTREQ checklist was used to inform stages associated with the synthesis of selected papers. Results: From 5553 retrieved citations, the analysis of 24 eligible papers resulted in three key themes: the implications of working during pandemics on nurses' personal and family life, nursing contribution in challenging conditions, and working above and beyond. Considering nurses' role in healthcare system, research on their contribution found to have received little appreciation in peer‐reviewed journals. Conclusions: This review pertains to nurses' work in global context and highlights the huge contribution made by the profession in the context of respiratory pandemics. It confirms that nurses' experiences outweighed economic, social and psychological implications of providing care during the pandemic crisis. Acknowledging nurses' resilience and professional motivations, we also argue that the nurse contribution during pandemics can be enhanced when resources, support and training are provided. Further research on contexts and conditions which mitigate nurses the potential for sustained contribution is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This integrative review aimed at systematically searching, analysing and synthesising multiple sources of evidence, to build a temporal understanding of nursing students' experiences of sexual harassment whilst on clinical placement, and to discuss the social context which enables this. Background: Sexual harassment is highly prevalent in workplaces globally. Contemporary social understandings contextualise sexual harassment as a significant form of interpersonal violence. This is the first literature review to go beyond prevalence to synthesise the experience, implications and responses to sexual harassment encountered by student nurses on clinical placement. Design: Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review methodology is used to structure a rigorous analysis and synthesis of evidence. Methods: The PRISMA checklist supported sound reporting of the search strategy. Three databases (CINAHL, Scopus and Medline) were searched using a Boolean strategy. Papers with a significant focus on sexual harassment of nursing students in the clinical setting were included with no limitation on publication date. Papers were excluded if they were not published in English or were only published as abstracts. Results: A synthesis of 26 papers demonstrated that sexual harassment has significant impacts on student nurses and the nursing profession. The intimacy of close body care, dominant social perceptions of nursing as women's work and the sexualisation of nurses increase student vulnerability to sexual harassment. Workplace power imbalances further exacerbate sexual harassment and shape responses to incidents. Conclusions: Sexual harassment of nursing students is widespread and impacts student well‐being and learning. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Education is a strong protective factor and should target students, clinicians, clinical facilitators and academics. Attention to workplace culture, and processes that support disclosure and reporting, is also required to meaningfully address the sexual harassment of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper reviews the empirical research evidence relating to the nursing associate (NA) role since its implementation in England in 2017. Background: The NA role arose from the findings of the Raising the Bar: Shape of Caring Review (Willis, 2015). The roles' aim is to bridge the gap between healthcare assistant and registered nurse as part of the nursing team, working with people of all ages in a variety of health and social care settings. NAs must successfully complete a trainee programme (usually a Foundation Degree) which, for many, has been completed as an apprentice while remaining in their place of work. Methods: A literature search was performed using the British Nursing Index and CINAHL Plus, along with Google Scholar. Exact key words were 'Nursing Associates' and papers were refined to primary research only. Data restrictions were applied from 2017 to the end of September 2022. Each paper was critically appraised to assess the robustness and validity of the search processes and then thematic analysis was undertaken using Braun and Clarke's (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006 and 77) six stages of analysis. Results: Nineteen papers were identified; six key themes emerged: lack of support from others; career development; organisational readiness; resilience in the face of adversity; cost; and worker and learner identity. Conclusion: The NA role is allowing career progression for those who would have historically been prevented from accessing the nursing workforce because of entry qualifications and financial limitations. There is a need for organisational readiness to ensure trainee nursing associates (TNA) are supported during their training, that they have equal opportunities to learn, and they are given the status and recognition as a learner. Organisations need to raise awareness among staff to allow the nursing team to understand the NA role. Relevance to clinical practice: This literature review has relevance for those who employ Nursing Associates or who are considering introducing the role. No patient or public consultation: Due to being a literature review no patient or public consultation took place; however, local employers identified the need for a review of the literature pertaining to the Nursing Associate role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To discuss professionalism for pre‐licensure nursing students and identify recommendations for inclusion in core values, didactic coursework and clinical training. Background: Professionalism is part of the nursing identity that encompasses integrity and honesty. This concept has been difficult to translate into formal education in nursing programs and clinical practice. Design: A discursive paper. Data Sources: A search of national literature without date restrictions in PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar and frameworks for nursing education. We explored principles of professionalism in nursing education and practice. Discussion: Evidence‐based literature supports the integration of core values of altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, honesty and social justice into didactic curricula, and clinical training. Principles of professionalism can be incorporated intentionally in nursing education to maintain patient safety and trust. Conclusion: The principles of professionalism, related to core values of the nursing profession, are abundantly described in the literature. However, these principles represent core values that have not been formally conceptualized. With the changing landscape of healthcare, there is a need for deliberate, measurable integration of professionalism into pre‐licensure education. Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To map out the primary research studies relating to how virtual reality (VR) has been used to distract children and young people with long‐term conditions from pain or pruritus. Background: Pharmacologic treatment of chronic pain and pruritus may have side effects; hence, non‐invasive non‐pharmacological treatments are being sought. Design: The scoping review followed the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, PAGER framework and PRISMA‐ScR checklist. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Registration on 14 February 2022 https//doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K2R93. Methods: Five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Data were extracted from primary research studies published between 2000 and 2022 involving children and adolescent populations (<21 years) with a long‐term condition that had an element of enduring pruritus and/or pain. Results: Of 464 abstracts screened, 35 full‐text papers were assessed with 5 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Three main themes emerged from the included studies: (1) Improvements in pain and daily functioning; (2) positive perceptions of VR and (3) accessibility and feasibility of VR. No papers were found on the effect of VR on alleviating pruritus. Conclusion: VR is feasible, acceptable, and safe for children and adolescents with chronic pain in a range of long‐term conditions and offers promise as an adjunctive treatment for improving chronic pain and quality of life. No studies were identified that targeted pruritis or measured pruritis outcomes; thus, the effects of VR for pruritis are unknown. There is a need for rigorously designed, randomised controlled trials to test the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of VR interventions for chronic pain and pruritis in children and adolescents. The use of the PAGER (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice and Research Recommendations) framework for scoping reviews helped to structure analysis and findings and identify research gaps. Relevance to Clinical Practice: VR interventions offer promise in improving chronic pain related to long‐term conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses aspects of the effects of uncoated paper on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin moisture among bedridden patients. Topics include the process of diffusion or evaporation, the difference in skin moisture and TEWL, and the quantification of TEWL to identify skin damage caused by chemicals.

Aims: Glioma patients are at high risk for postoperative delirium (POD), yet studies focusing on this population in general neurosurgical ward settings are limited. This paper investigates the incidence of POD and related risk factors in glioma patients hospitalized in general wards. Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: This prospective study included 133 adult glioma patients hospitalized in the general neurosurgery ward. In addition to collecting routine perioperative general clinical data, patients' psychological status was assessed preoperatively using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). POD was assessed within 3 days postoperatively using the Confusion of Consciousness Assessment method, twice daily. The incidence of POD was calculated, and risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of POD in glioma patients admitted to the general ward was 31.6% (40/133). Multivariate regression revealed advanced age (age > 50 years), frontal lobe tumour, presence of preoperative anxiety or depression, retention of a luminal drain, postoperative pain, indwelling catheter these six factors were independent risk factors for the development of delirium in patients after surgery. Conclusion: In general ward settings, supratentorial glioma patients exhibit a high risk of POD. Critical risk factors include preoperative psychological conditions, as well as postoperative pain, drainage and catheterization. Rigorous preoperative evaluations, effective pain management strategies and the integration of humanistic care principles are essential in mitigating the risk of POD for glioma patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In general ward settings, this study reveals the high occurrence of POD in glioma patients and identifies preoperative psychological states, age, tumour location and several postoperative factors as significant risk factors for POD, which provides a framework for targeted interventions. By integrating these insights into clinical practice, healthcare teams can better identify glioma patients at risk for POD and implement preventive measures, thereby enhancing recovery and overall care quality for glioma patients in general neurosurgical wards. Reporting Method: This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines, ensuring a transparent and comprehensive reporting of the observational research methodology and results. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients involvement was limited to the provision of data through their participation in the study's assessments and the collection of clinical information. The study did not involve a direct patient or public contribution in the design, conduct, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor in the preparation of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance care planning is a process through which people communicate their goals and preferences for future medical care. Due to the complexity of the decision‐making process, decision aids can assist individuals in balancing potential benefits and risks of treatment options. Objective: While decision aids have the potential to better promote advance care planning, their characteristics, content and application effectiveness are unclear and lack systematic review. Therefore, we aimed to explore these three aspects and establish a foundation for future research. Design: Scoping review. Methods: This scoping review adheres to the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA‐ScR list. Six English‐language databases were systematically searched from the time of construction until 1 December 2023. Two researchers conducted the article screening and data extraction, and the extracted data was presented in written tables and narrative summaries. Results: Of the 1479 titles and abstracts, 20 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Types of decision aids were employed, mainly websites and videos. Decision aid's primary components center around 11 areas, such as furnishing information, exploring treatment and care preferences. The main manifestations were a significant increase in knowledge and improved recognition of patients' target value preferences. Among the aids, websites and videos for advance care planning have relatively high content acceptability and decision‐making process satisfaction, but their feasibility has yet to be tested. Conclusions: Decision aids were varied, with content focused on describing key information and exploring treatment and care preferences. Regarding application effects, the aids successfully facilitated the advance care planning process and improved the quality of participants' decisions. Overall, decision aids are efficient in improving the decision‐making process for implementing advance care planning in cancer and geriatric populations. In the future, personalised decision aids should be developed based on continuous optimization of tools' quality and promoted for clinical application. Reporting Method: The paper has adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines and referenced the PRISMAg‐ScR checklist. No Patient or Public Contribution: This is a review without patient and public contribution. Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YPHKF, Open Science DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YPHKF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older hospitalised patients have low levels of physical activity and multiple impairing factors. Aims: To systematically evaluate the perceived barriers to physical activity among older patients during hospitalisation, and provide reference for future intervention programs. Design: Following ENTREQ, do a systematic evaluation and synthesis of qualitative investigations. Methods: An exhaustive exploration was conducted across the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from their inception until August, 2023 to identify qualitative research on obstacles to physical activity among older hospital patients. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. Meta‐synthesis method was used to integrate the results. Results: In total, 8 literatures were included, 43 themes were extracted, and analogous research results were amalgamated to generate 10 categories and 3 syntheses: individual level, interpersonal influencing factors and hospital environment and resources level. Conclusion: Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Medical staff should pay attention to changes in physical activity during hospitalisation, identify barriers to physical activity in older inpatients and provide references for promoting physical activity programs for the older. No Patient or Public Contribution: This study is a meta‐synthesis and does not require relevant contributions from patients or the public. What is already known: Older patients are at low physical activity levels during hospitalisation.Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. What this paper adds: Factors of physical activity impairment in hospitalised older patients should be considered in the context of health status, psychological factors, motivation and social support.Disease‐induced psychological fallout has a greater impact on physical activity in the older. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the existing clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements regarding tracheostomy care for non‐mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: A systematic search of databases, and professional organisations was conducted from inception to 19 March 2023. Two appraisers evaluated each guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers. Results: No specific clinical guidelines exist on airway management in non‐mechanically ventilated patients. Of 6318 articles identified, we included 12 clinical practice guidelines, and 9 consensus statements, which were from China, the US, the UK, South Korea, Australia, France and Belgium. The AGREE II scores in six domains are (1) the scope and purpose, 70.30%; (2) stakeholder involvement, 37.61%; (3) rigor of development, 33.97%; (4) clarity of presentation, 68.16%; (5) applicability, 44.23% and (6) editorial independence, 40.06%. The overall quality of evidence was level B. The summarised recommendations for clinical practice encompass the following six areas: airway humidification, management of the trach cuff, management of inner cannula, tracheostoma care, tracheostomy suctioning and management and prevention of common post‐operative complications. Conclusions: The overall quality of the clinical guidelines on non‐ventilated tracheostomy care was moderate, and further improvements are needed in domains of stakeholder involvement, applicability, clarity of presentation and editorial independence. Recommendations on non‐ventilated tracheostomy care are often embedded in the guidelines on ventilated tracheostomy. Specific clinical guidelines are needed to provide a standardised approach to tracheostomy care for non‐ventilated patients. Relevance to clinical practice: Patients with non‐ventilated tracheostomy need specialised airway management. Improving patient outcomes requires standardised protocols, patient involvement, quality evaluation, and interdisciplinary approaches. No patient or public contribution: The study reviewed clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements, therefore patient or public input was not needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe what is known from existing scientific literature on children's and parents' experiences of hospital‐based home care and to identify future research areas. Design: The scoping review design used adheres to the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley, and to the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Review Methods: A systematic search was conducted, and peer‐reviewed scientific papers were screened through the application of Rayyan software. Data were extracted and presented in table and synthesised thematically as narrative text. Data Sources: Searches were carried out November 2021 and updated November 2022 in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Elite, and Amed databases and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 1950 studies were screened and assessed for eligibility. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria by reporting on parents' experiences, whereas five out of these eight studies also reported on the experiences of children. Parents of children with cancer and preterm children reported feeling more in control, being empowered, and being more connected to their children's care team when their children were receiving hospital‐based home care. The family's own resources were activated, and they felt more involved in their children's care compared to being in an inpatient setting. Children with cancer, acute infection, chronic disease, and/or a syndrome reported feeling safer and more comfortable in their home environment and experienced better interaction with their care providers. Some aspects of the children's health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) were improved. Conclusion: The identified studies indicate that hospital‐based home care is a valued alternative to traditional inpatient care by both parents and children. The mode of care has no crucial negative effects. Future studies should encompass the experiences of children with different diagnoses and syndromes and compare patients treated in a traditional hospital setting with those in a hospital‐based home‐care programme. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Children's and parents' experiences of HBHC indicate that it offers a good solution if parents are well prepared and feel in control. In addition, certain structural conditions must be in place before this type of care can be established: there must be a certain number of patients and the hospital must not be too far away. In the field of neonatal home care, professionals should be more responsive to fathers' needs and tailor support by focusing on their individual experiences and needs. Our findings may guide and inform best practice for present and future providers of HBHC. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Hospital‐based home care can offer families a greater degree of autonomy, more flexible care options, improved family functioning, improved communication with care providers, and more control over the child's care. When certain structural conditions are met, such as a certain number of patients, the hospital not being too far away, and parents being well prepared and feeling in control, then hospital‐based home care is valued as an alternative to traditional inpatient care. Specific aspects of children's HRQOL may improve, and the psychosocial burden on the family does not increase. Impact: HBHC provides a valued alternative to traditional inpatient care and allows families to receive care in the comfort of their own home. Our findings may guide and inform best practice for present and future providers of hospital‐based home care. Reporting Method: In this scoping review, we have adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: There has been no direct patient or public contribution to the review. Trial and Protocol Registration: Not required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: (1) To describe existing tools to assess the burden of informal caregivers of people with cancer, (2) to describe how these tools have been validated and (3) to describe the areas of interest of existing assessment tool entries. Background: The caregiver burden of informal caregivers of people with cancer greatly affects their lives. There is a wide variety of relevant assessment tools available, but there are no studies to help researchers to select tools. Methods: A search was conducted using the keywords 'cancer', 'caregiver', 'burden' and 'scale' in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL and EMBASE to include articles that developed or applied tools to assess the burden on informal caregivers of cancer patients. Once eligible tools were identified, we searched their 'primary reference' studies. If the original scale was assessed in a population other than informal caregivers of cancer patients, we again searched for psychometric measures in the population of caregivers of cancer patients. Results: This study retrieved 938 articles on developing or applying the informal caregiver burden instrument for cancer patients, including 42 scales. Internal consistency of the original scales ranged from 0.53 to 0.96. Nineteen scales initially developed to assess caregiver burden for patients with dementia, stroke and other disorders were later used for caregivers of cancer patients, eight of which have not yet been validated. Reclassifying all scale domains of concern revealed that scale assessments focused more on caregivers' physical health, emotional state and caregiving tasks. Conclusion: This review identifies many scales for assessing informal caregiver burden in cancer patients and gives scales recommended. However, a portion still needs to be validated. The development of a new scale proposes to be based on a theoretical framework and to consider dimensions for assessing support resources. Impact: What problem did the study address?: This paper collates assessment tools on the burden of informal carers of people with cancer. It also provides information on the applicable population, reliability and validity. What were the main findings?: 41 scales could be considered for use, eight of which have not been validated. The scales focus more on assessing caregivers' physical health, emotional state and caregiving tasks, and less on the dimension of support resources. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?: There are implications for informal carers of cancer patients in hospitals or in the community, as well as for relevant researchers. Reporting Method: Retrieved with reference to systematic evaluation. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the prevalence and clustering of NANDA‐International nursing diagnoses in patients assisted by pre‐hospital emergency teams. Design: Retrospective descriptive study of electronic record review. Methods: Episodes recorded during 2019, including at least a nursing diagnosis, were recovered from the electronic health records of a Spanish public emergency agency (N = 28,847). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and determine prevalence. A two‐step cluster analysis was used to group nursing diagnoses. A comparison between clusters in sociodemographic and medical problems was performed. Data were accessed in November 2020. Results: Risk for falls (00155) (27.3%), Anxiety (00146) (23.2%), Acute pain (00132), Fear (00148) and Ineffective breathing pattern (00032) represented 96.1% of all recorded diagnoses. A six‐cluster solution (n = 26.788) was found. Five clusters had a single high‐prevalence diagnosis predominance: Risk for falls (00155) in cluster 1, Anxiety (00146) in cluster 2, Fear (00148) in cluster 3, Acute pain (00132) in cluster 4 and Ineffective breathing pattern (00032) in cluster 6. Cluster 5 had several high prevalence diagnoses which co‐occurred: Risk for unstable blood glucose level (00179), Ineffective coping (00069), Ineffective health management (00078), Impaired comfort (00214) and Impaired verbal communication (00051). Conclusion: Five nursing diagnoses accounted for almost the entire prevalence. The identified clusters showed that pre‐hospital patients present six patterns of nursing diagnoses. Five clusters were predominated by a predominant nursing diagnosis related to patient safety, coping, comfort, and activity/rest, respectively. The sixth cluster grouped several nursing diagnoses applicable to exacerbations of chronic diseases. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Knowing the prevalence and clustering of nursing diagnoses allows a better understanding of the human responses of patients attended by pre‐hospital emergency teams and increases the evidence of individualized/standardized care plans in the pre‐hospital clinical setting. Impact: What problem did the study address? There are different models of pre‐hospital emergency care services.The use of standardized nursing languages in the pre‐hospital setting is not homogeneous.Studies on NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses in the pre‐hospital context are scarce, and those available are conducted on small samples. What were the main findings? This paper reports the study with the largest sample among the few published on NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses in the pre‐hospital care setting.Five nursing diagnoses represented 96.1% of all recorded. These diagnoses were related to patients' safety/protection and coping/stress tolerance.Patients attended by pre‐hospital care teams are grouped into six clusters based on the nursing diagnoses, and this classification is independent of the medical conditions the patient suffers. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Knowing the prevalence of nursing diagnoses allows a better understanding of the human responses of patients treated in the pre‐hospital setting, increasing the evidence of individualized and standardized care plans for pre‐hospital care. Reporting method: STROBE checklist has been used as a reporting method. No Patient or Public Contribution: Only patients' records were reviewed without further involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions in alleviating psychological distress in cancer patients. Background: Cancer patients suffer tremendous psycho‐spiritual pain, which affects their quality of life. Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions have demonstrated positive effects on the mental health of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to 27 November 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Results: Twenty studies involving 1744 cancer participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed statistically significant effects of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions on hope, anxiety and depression at post‐intervention. A separate analysis revealed that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions had a sustainable effect on hope, spiritual well‐being, anxiety and depression at 1 month after the intervention. However, no statistically significant effect on quality of life was found in our study either immediately after the intervention or at 1 month. Conclusions: Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve hope and spiritual well‐being in cancer patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study further supports that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients to address their psychosocial distress. Patient or Public Contribution: All authors of this article contributed to the study conception and design. All authors of the included studies provided original data for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the risk factors and incidence of falls in geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China. Methods: From May 2020 to August 2022, 1712 geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China, were screened using a socio‐demographic questionnaire (e.g. gender, age, living arrangement, etc.) and assessment scales. The correlation between each factor and falls was preliminarily analysed by chi‐squared tests. Finally, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to further analyse the risk factors of falls. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study. Results: Of the 1712 geriatric outpatients recruited, 1626 participants (60–79 and ≥ 80 years old) with complete questionnaire and assessment data were included. The occurrence of falls for those in the 60–79 age group was 8.4%, and for those in the ≥80 age group it was 13.4%. Age (p =.007), use of a walking assistance device (p <.001), the Stay Independent Brochure Questionnaire (SIB) (OR = 7.751, 95% CI = 5.089–11.806, p <.001), living arrangement (p =.004), timed up and go test (TUGT) (p =.007) and three diseases or above (OR = 2.496, 95% CI = 1.358–11.4.586, p =.003) reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Older people have a high incidence of falls. In this study, age, disease history, SIB scores (≥4 points), living arrangement, TUGT and walking assistance device increased the probability of falls in older Chinese adults. Personalised interventions should be carried out according to the specific situation of older people to effectively reduce their incidence of falls and improve their quality of life. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The basic characteristics and fall risk factors of the older can help nurses identify fall risk, and early intervention by caregivers can reduce fall‐related injuries, which has practical significance for promoting healthy aging. Patient or Public Contribution: The subjects of this study were older patients ≥60 years old, and the demographic characteristics and fall‐related information of patients were obtained by questionnaire. The team worked closely with a team of experts in the field of health care. Some researchers collect data and rewrite them, while other researchers analyse the information and write a paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesize the evidence of interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults. Background: With the increasing tendency of global ageing and the progression of 'healthy ageing', salutogenesis has been adopted as a framework of health promotion for older adults. Design: An integrative review following PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources: Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus were systematically searched on 29 September 2022 and updated on 18 July 2023. Results: Eighteen eligible studies were included in this review. Salutogenic‐based interventions fell into three main categories: dialogue‐based, health education courses based, and goal setting and achievement based. The intervention doses: length ranged from 4 weeks to 2 years, with most (n = 12) within 12 weeks; the duration of each session ranged from 30 to 150 min, with the majority (n = 7) within 1 h; the frequency ranged from five times weekly to three times in 10 months, and in six studies was once a week. Intervention providers were mostly multidisciplinary teams, while in four studies were nurses only. Most of the studies reported that salutogenic‐based interventions could improve older adults' sense of coherence, quality of life, self‐efficacy, self‐management, meaning of life and mental health. Conclusions: This review synthesized the interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults, including salutogenesis application, intervention and its doses, intervention settings and providers, and intervention effects. Future research on the effectiveness of the intervention, the optimal dose of the intervention and the underlying mechanisms are still necessary to understand salutogenic‐based interventions. No Patient or Public Contribution: Not apply as it's a review paper. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Salutogenic‐based intervention is effective for older adults in different scenarios to improve their health outcomes. Nurses play a key role in salutogenic‐based interventional programs and thus should be essential personnel as the intervention provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To identify the most accurate postoperative delirium screening tools for detecting postoperative delirium among patients who underwent general anaesthesia surgery in general wards. Background: The lack of detection of postoperative delirium can negatively affect the patient's condition, along with their postoperative treatment and rehabilitation, and it can prolong their hospitalisation, persists cognitive dysfunction and increases mortality. Screening for postoperative delirium in hospitalised patients as nursing assessment is routine clinical practice for early detection. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed and Cochrane electronic databases were searched using the key words delirium, postoperative, assessment or screening, and adult for articles published up to April 2020, with no limit on the year of publishing. Only prospective cohort studies reporting sensitivity and specificity values were included. We followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews and the PRISMA checklist. The Quality Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool was used for data extraction and quality assessment, while a bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used for pooling and comparing diagnostic accuracy and providing a summary of evidence. Results: Six delirium assessment tools were evaluated from nine papers including 3088 patients. Due to the limited number of papers, the meta‐analysis included the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and its variants, Delirium Detection Score (DDS) and Nurses' Delirium Screening Checklist (NuDESC). Overall, NuDESC demonstrated higher sensitivity than CAM or DDS, while all showed high specificity (0.90 or greater). Conclusion: This review suggested that NuDESC can be employed as an accurate screening tool with high specificity for assessing postoperative delirium during routine checkups. However, it is necessary to consider suitable cut‐off values, which is the reference point, in accordance with the clinical setting and the patients' condition. Relevance to clinical practice: NuDESC reported the best evidence of diagnostic accuracy, and we recommend clinical nurses to employ this easy‐to‐use and validated tool for daily screening of postoperative delirium in general wards to facilitate its early detection and the accurate estimation of its prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This review aimed to demonstrate the self‐care behaviours of first‐generation Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries and identify related cultural factors. Background: Self‐care is the cornerstone to mitigate disease symptoms and maintain health status. Chinese immigrants to western countries, operating within a cross‐cultural context, may find self‐care to manage their cardiovascular disease challenging. Design: An integrative review was conducted. Methods: Seven databases were searched Scopus, ProQuest Health & Medicine, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), PsycINFO and CINAHL, with output limited to peer‐reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020 in English or Chinese. Initially, 2037 papers were screened. Six papers were retained and critiqued using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Deductive and inductive approaches were utilised to analyse the findings. The PRISMA 2020 checklist informed review reportage. Result: In general, Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease took an active role in management of their cardiovascular disease, including through diet and activity adaptation and adherence to western medication. Families also played a significant role in disease decision‐making and management. However, language and cultural barriers impeded their access to health information and resources in host countries. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding self‐care behaviours and associated cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease is important to improve nurses' culturally sensitive practices and provide tailored health education interventions to promote self‐care behaviours among immigrant populations. The scarcity of literature on self‐care behaviours among Chinese first‐generation immigrants with cardiovascular disease indicates the need for further research in this area. Development of culturally and linguistically sensitive health resources and education programs is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To (1) give an overview of rebel nurse leadership by summarising descriptions of positive deviance, tempered radicals and healthcare rebels; (2) examine the competences of nurse rebel leadership; and (3) describe factors that stimulate or hinder the development of rebel nurse leadership. Background: Research shows nurses have lower intention to leave their jobs when they can control their work practices, show leadership and provide the best care. However, organisational rules and regulations do not always fit the provision of good care, which challenges nurses to show leadership and deviate from the rules and regulations to benefit the patient. Three concepts describe this practice: positive deviance, healthcare rebels and tempered radicals. Design: Scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Methods: Papers describing positive deviance, healthcare rebels and tempered radicals in nursing were identified by searching Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. After data extraction, these three concepts were analysed to study the content of descriptions and definitions, competences and stimulating and hindering factors. Results: Of 2705 identified papers, 25 were included. The concept descriptions yielded three aspects: (1) positive deviance approach, (2) unconventional and non‐confirmative behaviour and (3) relevance of networks and relationships. The competences were the ability to: (1) collaborate in/outside the organisation, (2) gain and share expert (evidence‐based) knowledge, (3) critically reflect on working habits/problems in daily care and dare to challenge the status quo and (4) generate ideas to improve care. The factors that stimulate or hinder the development of rebel nurse leadership are as follows: (1) dialogue and reflection, (2) networking conditions and (3) the managers' role. Conclusions: Based on our analysis, we summarise the descriptions given of rebel nurse leadership, the mentioned competences and provide an overview of the factors that stimulate or hinder rebel nurse leadership. Relevance to clinical practice: The descriptions produced in this review of rebel nurse leadership and the stimulating or hindering factors listed should help nurses and managers encourage rebel leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine the impact of nurse‐led follow‐up care supporting self‐management of people who have had or have cancer. Background: Cancer care is evolving towards enabling people to self‐manage the impact of cancer, treatment and overall care on their quality of life (QoL), self‐efficacy and distress. Design: A systematic review following Joanna Briggs Institution (JBI) guidance and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement was undertaken. Methods: Four databases were searched, OVID Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Embase. Quantitative randomised control trials with people who have or have had cancer accessing nurse‐led care or nurse‐led intervention, undertaken within secondary care were included. Narrative synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity of measures used and time points of assessment. Results: Seven papers were included in the final review, all meeting moderate to high‐quality appraisal. Only one study found an impact of nurse‐led care on all three factors under investigation, with a further two studies finding an effect on distress. The remaining studies did not find an impact of the intervention. Conclusion: Clinical Nurse Specialists are well placed to provide follow‐up care for people with cancer, but in relation to QoL, self‐efficacy and distress, there is limited evidence of effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions. Public or patient contribution: This systematic review did not have any public or patient contribution. Relevance to clinical practice: Cancer care is moving to a chronic care, self‐management model. Clinical nurse specialists are well placed to innovate interventions that assist people with cancer to self‐manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Unmet supportive care needs (SCN) refer to perceived gaps in the support parents want to manage caregiving activities for children with chronic health conditions (CHC) and the support received. This review aims to systematically identify the unmet SCN of families with children living with five common paediatric CHC and characterise the assessment tools used to measure SCN. Design: Systematic review methodology with narrative synthesis of data. Reporting followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. Method: Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases Medline complete, PsycINFO, CINHAL and EMBASE to retrieve relevant articles published between 1990 and July 2022. Eligible studies involved (i) children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with either of cancer, congenital heart disease (CHD), diabetes, asthma, renal disease and (ii) assessment of unmet SCN. Studies involving children with genetic or developmental conditions were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using JBI assessment tool. Results: Of 6223 articles screened, 34 papers were included (25 quantitative, 5 qualitative and 4 mixed design). Most papers explored unmet needs of families with cancer (n = 26). The remaining articles concerned CHD (n = 5), asthma (n = 2) and mixed CHC (n = 1, renal failure, and diabetes). Information (e.g. treatment, lifestyle, etc.) and health care (e.g. emotional support, practical services, etc.) were the most common unmet need domains across health conditions. A variety of methods and need assessments hampered comparisons between studies both across and within CHC. Conclusion: Irrespective of illness, addressing unmet informational or health care needs may help to optimise outcomes and care for children and families living with common CHC. There was considerable variation in reporting styles, study design and need assessments both within and across conditions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Health care professionals must routinely evaluate the type, quality and quantity of psychoeducation and support that families of children with CHC want and receive. Providing nurses with more effective strategies to assess child and family needs across a broad range of domains may help to increase understanding of where further support for families is required. Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public contribution to this study as it involved a systematic review of existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current evidence shows that medical device‐related pressure injury (MDRPI) has a high prevalence (10%) and incidence (12%), and much research has been done to prevent MDRPI in recent years. However, to our knowledge, there is limited systematic review available on interventions and strategies to prevent MDRPI. Aim: To synthesise research evidence on interventions and strategies used to prevent MDRPI. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA Guidelines. We searched six databases including Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ProQuest with no restriction to year of publication. Data were extracted and checked by two authors independently. A narrative summary technique was used to describe the findings. Implementation strategies were grouped into six classifications: dissemination/implementation process/integration/capacity building/sustainability/scale‐up strategies. Results: Twenty‐four peer‐reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of 11 quality improvement projects and 13 original research. Types of devices included respiratory devices (non‐invasive ventilation mask, CPAP/BiPAP mask, endotracheal tube), gastrointestinal/urinary devices and other devices. Interventions used included the use of dressing, hyperoxygenated fatty acids, full‐face mask, training, and/or multidisciplinary education, use of special securement devices or tube holder, repositioning, application of stockinette, early removal and foam ring use. Common implementation strategies included ongoing staff education, audit and standardising documentation or guideline development. Conclusion: Much work on MDRPI prevention strategies has been undertaken. There were a variety of devices reported, however, it is evident that higher quality research is needed. Relevance to clinical practice: Current evidence shows that interventions including use of dressing or special securement device, repositioning, and training/multidisciplinary education can be beneficial for MDRPI prevention. High‐quality research, such as randomised controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of the interventions and their implementation strategies. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To assess the impact of educational interventions on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding sickle cell disease (SCD) pain management in the UK. Background: Variations and inadequate pain management due toHCPs' lack of knowledge and negative attitude is still an ongoing global concern for SCD patients despite availability of effective treatment and evidence‐based guidelines. Several international studies have implemented interventions aimed at improving knowledge, attitude, and pain management. No review on the effectiveness of these interventions was found. Also, no previous intervention done in the UK was found from the thorough search of research databases. However, there are estimated 240,000 genetic carriers with about 12,500–15,000 estimated people living with SCD in the UK. Design: Rapid Evidence Assessment of existing evidence. Methods: A rapid evidence assessment was conducted between March 2021–January 2022 following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Included papers must have an educational intervention about SCD or related symptom management where the learners were HCPs. Excluded papers were those not published in English or before 2010. The following databases were searched: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed America and Europe, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Data quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT) and analysed using a narrative approach. Results: Ten studies were included in the final review. Overall, they reported improved outcomes in six main themes: knowledge, attitude, perception, adoption, satisfaction and efficiency. Five studies reported statistically significant improvement in at least one outcome, four studies reported positive improvement, and two studies reported no significant improvement in knowledge and attitude. These heterogeneous studies were implemented once, and all designs were prone to bias; this makes it difficult to state how effective interventions are for SCD. Conclusion: Current evidence of positive improvement in HCPs' knowledge and attitude is insufficient for generalisation and recommendation for adoption. However, we believe that implementing validated educational interventions remains essential for effective acute SCD pain management and patient‐centred care. Further research is needed to find a suitable educational intervention that can be replicated. Relevance to clinical practice: Quality SCD education, timely crisis management and reduced patient stigma are crucial in reducing the risk of rapid clinical decompensation to avoid developing life‐threatening complications. Understanding SCD can also support the building of therapeutic relationships between the patient and practitioner. Trial registration: This review was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]