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Employment of mothers can have different consequences and effects on their children. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Iranian mothers' employment on their children's mental health. This study was a systematic review and 4 international electronic databases- Scopus ،Science direct, PubMed, & google scholar and 4 domestic databases- Magiran, Ensani, Noormags, & SID during 2000-2020 were searched using a comprehensive search strategy with determinesd keywords. As a result of this search, 261 articles retrieved. According to a PRISMA method and use of an inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 research papers were selected to entry of the research. The findings of the research were mixed. Some findings suggest that maternal employment increases the development of externalized and internalized disorders in children and weakens the parent-child relationship. On the other hand, some findings have shown that maternal a comprehensive model of the impact of mother's employment on Iranian children's employment has a positive effect on the child's mental health. Also, some studies have not reported a difference in the mental health of children with working and non-working mothers. Given the different and mixed results of research, it seems that many factors besides mother's employment affect children's mental health that without considering them in the analysis, we can not provide mental health. So, it could be concluded that the mediating role of some variables including mother’s satisfaction with her job, job schedule of mother, the stress level of mothers in work place, the age of the child, father’s participation in parenting, etc. that can be investigated in future research. The role of mediator variables has been neglected in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]