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Aims To report a systematic review of the psychometric properties of self-report instruments to identify the symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy to help clinicians and researchers select the most suitable instrument. Background Excessive anxiety in pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes, developmental and behavioural problems in infants and postnatal depression. Despite recommendations for routine psychological assessment in pregnancy, the optimal methods to identify anxiety in pregnancy have not been confirmed. Design Psychometric systematic review. Data sources A systematic literature search of the multiple databases (1990-September 2014). Review methods Identification of self-report instruments to measure anxiety in pregnancy using COSMIN guidelines to assess studies reporting a psychometric evaluation of validity and reliability. Results Thirty-two studies were included. Studies took place in the UK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia, Spain and the Netherlands. Seventeen different instruments were identified. Measures of validity were reported in 19 papers and reliability in 16. The overall quality of the papers was rated as fair to excellent using the COSMIN checklist. Only one paper scored excellent in more than one category. Conclusion Many instruments have been adapted for use in different populations to those for which they were designed. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale have been tested more frequently than other instruments, yet require further assessment to confirm their value for use in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To psychometrically assess the Spanish version of the Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC‐CII‐Sp) in community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Design: A methodological study. Method: A total of 1260 older adults participated in the study between May 2020 and February 2022. The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics® 26 and AMOS® 24. The items' content validity index and the Fleiss' kappa were calculated to assess the SC‐CII‐Sp's content validity. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the participants' scores on the SC‐CII‐Sp and their scores on the Spanish Chronic Disease Self‐Efficacy scale (SCD‐SE). Construct validity was tested by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SC‐CII‐Sp's reliability was tested by computing the Cronbach's alpha. Results: The SC‐CII‐Sp showed good content and convergent validity. The CFA showed that the SC‐CII‐Sp has three sub‐scales. The 8‐item Self‐Care Maintenance sub‐scale has good internal consistency and is comprised of two dimensions: illness‐related and health‐promoting behaviour. The Self‐Care Monitoring sub‐scale had excellent internal consistency and its five loaded items belonged to a single dimension. The 6‐item Self‐Care Management sub‐scale has adequate internal consistency and two dimensions: autonomous and consulting behaviour. Conclusion: The Spanish version of SC‐CII is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the assessment of self‐care behaviours amongst Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Implications for the Profession: Nurses need valid and reliable tools to assess self‐care behaviours in Spanish‐speaking community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. This study provides a 19‐item tool that allows for the comprehensive evaluation of self‐care behaviours in healthy and ill states. Impact: Using the SC‐CII‐Sp in clinical or research settings could help nurses to examine the effects of different interventions on self‐care behaviours amongst Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Patient or Public Contribution: None to be reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A validated questionnaire to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical settings could potentially assist in the improved management of students in healthcare institutions. Aim: To develop and test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire 'Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings' (CEEEC, Spanish acronym for 'Contribuciones de los Estudiantes de Enfermería a los Entornos Clínicos'). Design: Instrument design and psychometric testing. Participants/settings: A multicentre study involving 1,098 nursing professionals from three universities and five hospitals of Spain, between January 2019 and March 2020. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved the questionnaire design by experts (n = 28), which required a review of the available literature, cognitive interviews and Delphi rounds, and a preliminary validity study, which included a pilot test with responses from a sample of nurses (n = 143). Phase 2 involved a formal validation with a wider sample of nurses (n = 927), including factor analysis and a study of convergent validity with the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index and Health Sciences‐Evidence Based Practice. Results: Experts selected 42 items on student contributions. After cognitive interviews, three items were eliminated and seven failed to reach the minimum content validity index (78%). Based on the remaining 32 items, the discrimination index of each item was calculated, and those with <0.3, eight items were sequentially eliminated. The resulting questionnaire contained 24 items grouped into a single factor, which explained 41% of the variance. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.94), and the convergent validity was confirmed. Conclusions: A 24‐item questionnaire was designed and validated to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical practice settings. Impact: Most hospitals are also teaching centres where nursing students undergo clinical practice. The application of this test will provide insight into the nursing professionals' perception of the students' role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To translate and adapt the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) into Spanish; to develop a short form of the instrument that can be used during early childhood; and to test its psychometric properties in a large sample of Spanish mothers. Design: Cross‐sectional study of adaptation and cultural validation of instruments. Methods: Data were collected between February and September 2018. In Stage I, the instrument was culturally adapted using a standardized translation and back‐translation method. In Stage II, the factor structure of the Spanish version was tested in a sample of 300 mothers with children aged between 2 and 7 years, and on the basis of the findings a short form of the instrument was developed. Finally, in Stage III, in a second sample of 356 mothers, confirmatory factor analyses of first‐, second‐order and bi‐factor structure were conducted to find the optimal factor structure of the short form of the Spanish MAI. Convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were also examined. Results: A bi‐factor structure with four sub‐scales and 17 items emerged from the factor analyses conducted in Stages II and III. Scores on the short form were negatively correlated with mother‐to‐infant bonding disorders. The short form presented adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Conclusions: The Spanish MAI short form is a valid and reliable measure for assessing maternal attachment in mothers of children aged between 2 and 7 years. Impact: We present a short version of the MAI for healthcare professionals, adapted for application in a new age range and validated for use with Spanish mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Develop and psychometrically assess the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale (PNCQS, escala de Calidad del Cuidado Enfermero Paliativo, CCEP, in Spanish). An interview‐based qualitative study (1) was conducted to verify construct validity evidence, with psychometric properties of reliability and validity verified by two quantitative studies (2 & 3). Design: Quantitative instrumental, correlational, and cross‐sectional study. Methods: Study 1 was carried out with 10 key informants. For Study 2, a sample of 103 nursing professionals was obtained and 176 nurses from palliative care resources in Spain participated in Study 3. Data were collected between May 2017 – May 2018. Results: Evidence of adequate reliability (internal consistency) and validity was found. The confirmatory factor model yielded a single latent factor for the 20 items, with adequate goodness‐of‐fit indices. The convergent validity data showed that the highest correlations were with the Dedication subscale of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Personal Growth subscale of Psychological Well‐being, with values of 0.35 and 0.34, respectively (p < 0.01 in both cases). Conclusion: The scale shows good psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and evidence of internal and convergent validity. Impact: Proposing a valuable instrument which identifies good nursing in different areas of palliative care while also establishing quality indicators to guide nursing practice entails the recognition of autonomy in care. The resulting work tool can be used to systematize the assessment of nursing care in a process of open and continuous improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aims: To develop and psychometrically test a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) questionnaire to assess nurses' intention to use physical restraints (PRs) in intubated patients. Design: A psychometric instrument validation study conducted in three phases. Methods: A theory‐driven questionnaire was developed. Eight experts validated the content of the preliminary 58‐item questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted including 101 critical care nurses to test the reliability of the items. Construct validity and reliability were tested in a cross‐sectional study of 12 units from eight hospitals in Spain (N = 354) from October ‐ December 2017. Participants completed the questions based on the TPB, and socio‐demographic and professional variables. Results: The instrument comprised 48 items. All the direct and indirect constructs exhibited acceptable reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory fit indices for factorial structure according to the TPB. Nurses showed favourable attitudes, low perception of social pressure and modest perception of behaviour control. Perceived behavioural control and attitude were moderately positively correlated with the intention to use restraints, whereas subjective norm revealed the lowest correlation. Overall, the model explained 33% of the variance in intention. Conclusions: The Physical Restraint TPB questionnaire is a 48‐item self‐reporting theoretically based instrument with acceptable reliability and construct validity to identify nurses' intentions to use PRs in intubated patients. Impact: Unravelling the key determinants of nurses' intentions to use PRs should be examined to tailor quality improvement projects aimed at de‐implementing restraints use in practice and to promote safer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To report the adaptation into Spanish and psychometric testing of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis scale. Background The Position on Nursing Diagnosis is a scale that uses the semantic differential technique to measure nurses' attitudes towards the nursing diagnosis concept. Design Methodological design. Method The scale was cross-culturally adapted through a process including translation, comparison with versions in other languages, back-translation, review, and pre-testing. An opportunistic sample of 621 Spanish registered nurses was recruited from August-December 2011. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity, using both exploratory factor analysis and the known-group technique, and concurrent validity were assessed. Findings The Position on Nursing Diagnosis-Spanish Version was obtained from the cross-cultural adaptation process. High internal consistency and satisfactory test-retest reliability over a two week period ( n = 240) were found. In the principal component analysis, all items loaded strongly on a single-factor which accounted for adequate variance, supporting the unidimensionality of the scale. A statistically significant difference was found comparing the scores of nurses who were members of the Spanish Association of Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Nursing Diagnosis and those who were not. Concurrent validity was supported by the significant correlation found between the scores and the degree of nursing diagnosis utilization and attendance to training sessions. Conclusion The findings support the validity and reliability of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis-Spanish Version for its use among Spanish registered nurses as a measurement of their attitude towards the nursing diagnosis concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]