Search

Eucalyptus is one of the major species used for pulp and paper industry. As industries develop, the need for Eucalyptus supply increases. However, there are challenges plantation companies must specifically determining eucalyptus market price potential risks in eucalyptus plantation and how eucalyptus plantation impacts the surrounding environment.. Stakeholders on eucalyptus supply chain have risks which have to be mitigated. The eucalyptus seedling and developer and the supplier hold crucial role in providing good quality eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. This research is conducted to explore on ways to mitigate each stakeholders risk, challenges plantation companies face in fulfilling eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. There are four stakeholders in eucalyptus supply chain: eucalyptus seedling developer and seller, supplier, distribution centre and pulp and paper production plants. Some of the major risk stakeholders are facing in eucalyptus supply chain are: early cut of eucalyptus trees, farmers’ lack of understanding on growing eucalyptus properly, small stem size, fluctuating eucalyptus wood price and low stock quantity. Some of the minor risk stakeholders are facing: earthquake, over fertilization, overwatering, cold climate, and plant setting. There are four methods used to determine eucalyptus pricing: cost-based pricing, customer-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and statutory pricing. Eucalyptus consume high amount of water which can cause dry areas around eucalyptus plantation area and low groundwater reservoir.

Nowadays, demand of the pulp and paper production increases quickly. That increasing demand has led to demanding of eucalyptus plantation. That is why eucalyptus plantation has rapidly expanded and became the most planted tree species across the world over the last century. Not only because its unique characteristics, increasing of eucalyptus plantation also happened because its growing gives a socio-economic benefits, industrial benefits, and environmental impacts. However, increasing demand of eucalyptus certainly make availability of eucalyptus being determined, known as limited supply chain. Due to the increasing demand and limited supply chain, the eucalyptus wood supply should managed, by integrated the supply chain well. In this research study, the supply chain of eucalyptus wood for pulp and paper industry was diagnosed and divided into three degree, there are direct supply chain, extended supply chain, and ultimate supply chain. Four main stakeholders in this chain identified consisted of the eucalyptus seedling developers and sellers, the suppliers, the distribution centers, and the pulp and paper production plants.

The main idea of this research is to design a rechargeable paper battery from local cheap and available materials. The practical part is represented by adding Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to conductive polymer (PSS PEDOT) with adding different mineral salts for then study the quantum of electrical conductivity and heat influence on electrical conductivity and acidity factors of the Electrolyte solution.The next step was to produce a rechargeable, flexible battery manufactured from regular cellulose paper, sulfone, and ionic solution.The measurements were made using modern laboratory devices to study the electrical properties, conductivity, resistance (Hall Effect), and voltage quantum of the ionic solution. Through the results we obtained, we noticed an increase in the conductivity of the ionic solution when adding mineral salts. The voltage quantum of one battery ranged between 0.3-0.3 volts, also several batteries were connected in series, and the result was 1.8 volts. Manufactured paper batteries can be recharged with a direct current source and recover their efficiency marked up 98-99%.

An extreme occurrence within the earth’s system that causes human fatalities, injuries, and property destruction is referred to as a “disaster” from a social perspective. Disaster management is one of the most critical topics around the world. Many countries are getting affected because of its high magnitude impact on economy and loss of life. The Karnataka government must always be on guard and ready to meet problems due to the frequent natural disasters like landslides, floods, droughts, and human-induced dangers. In order to lessen the effect of disasters on the community, the Government of Karnataka has built enhanced institutional structures for disaster risk reduction. The main aim of the review paper of this, is to create awareness about the situations occurring due to any form of disasters and to develop preparedness in younger generation to face disaster situations.

In the world a number of researches are intensively being conducted on the preparation of new paper compositions based on natural polymers, expanding the application scope of products with unique and rare properties using not only plant fibers but also non-traditional fibers, the development of traditional papers for priority areas in this field and manufacturing paper products from mineral fibers with the help of existing devices. Systematic, regular studies of the use of inorganic binders in the preparation of sheet (sheet) materials based on mineral fibers have not yet been carried out by the method of paper technology. Paper products were obtained from cellulose-containing plants. Several quality indicators of paper products were studied. These are: Tearing length, tearing resistance, bending resistance, number of bendings in both directions.

A huge amount of newspaper waste is generated in an average Indian household on a daily basis. The ideology behind this study is to amalgamate this paper waste into construction materials. This manuscript is a preliminary initiative for the same motive and explores the feasibility of mixing waste paper pulp into cement mortar for further adopting the practice on construction sites. Different ratios of cement, standard sand and crushed paper pulp (soaked for 72 hours) were administered to cast cement mortar cubes and the same were tested for compressive strength in a compression testing machine. The several trial mixes, partially replacing sand in mortar making were attempted to study the behavior of cement mortar while infused with waste paper pulp. The strength of these cubes were compared to standard cement mortar cubes cast using one part cement and 3 parts of standard sand. The trial ratios of cement, sand and paper pulp were 1:0.5:0.5; 1:0.75:0.25 and 1:0.25:0.75 respectively. Both 7 days as well as 28 days strength was determined. It was found that one part cement, half part standard sand and half a part of waste paper pulp was the most optimum combination yielding satisfactory strength of cement mortar cubes. The compressive strength of standard cube was 7.2 MPa and the same for 1:0.5:0.5 was 6.6 MPa. Thus waste paper pulp infused cement mortar may be used for brickwork and other trivial lean cement members in construction. The purpose of the study is to address two major underlying challenges in modern day construction projects, first being the dearth of river sand availability and secondly the disposal of waste paper which ultimately ends up in landfills subsequently polluting the environment.

Pulp and paper industries are critical to a country’s economic growth. The type of raw material used and the pulping process determine the quality and quantity of wastewater generated. However, the generated wastewater with a dark colour comprises a high concentration of suspended solids, organic content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile organic compounds, and a variety of other impurities. Therefore, in this study, a bench scale activated sludge treatment system was set up using a reactor consisting of an aeration tank with 5000 mg/L initial biomass and a clarifier chamber for the biomass to settle. The reactor was run few weeks with real domestic wastewater as the influent for 3 weeks to acclimatize the sludge inside the reactor. The reactor was then fed with the influent mixture of 20% industrial pulp wastewater and 80% domestic wastewater. Organic and nutrient parameter concentrations are tested from the influent and effluent sample throughout the study duration and recorded for data analysis. The removal of COD and TSS are at 83% and 90% respectively while the averaged BOD value of the treated wastewater is at 74.6%. The conclusion of this project is that the bench scale EAAS is able to treat BOD and TSS according to standard. However, a modification may be required to increase the efficiency of removing COD to meet the requirement standards. This modification could be either by using a biocarrier or an activated carbon to further enhance the treatment efficiency even at higher wastewater concentration.

The recycling paper industry has a good potential market. The industry used recycled paper such as Old Corrugated Containers (OCC), Old Newspaper (ONP), mixed waste paper, and Sorted White Ledger (SWL) as raw material. In Indonesia, commonly, the industry got the raw material of about 50% by importing. The government provides regulation to ensure the sustainability of the industrial activity, that is the process of importing recycled paper and internal regulation to increase local raw materials. The objectives of the research were to study the chosen raw material for the recycling paper industry and to analyze the positioning strategy of consumption raw material for the recycling paper industry in Indonesia. This research used a qualitative description method by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat (SWOT) analysis. The data were obtained from a questionnaire distributed to the paper industry, paper researcher, and relevant agencies. Based on AHP, the strength criteria to choose raw material is the regulation and availability of raw material with values 0.323 and 0.243; and the alternative chosen is recycled paper raw material import. The result of SWOT analysis, the recycling paper industry in Indonesia, has an Internal Factor Analysis Strategy (IFAS) 0.05, and an External Factor Analysis Strategy (EFAS) - 0.03. That showed from SWOT quadrant matrix, the position coordinate point of IFAS and EFAS in quadrant II. That means the positioning strategy is diversification. The government, recycling paper industry, and relevant agencies to corporate to increase the collecting rate of recycled paper.

The purpose of this research is to design a Whatman paper based sensor for quantitative measurement of iodide anion by its quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of the nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-doped CQDs) using a smart phone as a detection system. In this project, N-doped CQDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as a source of carbon and hexamethylenediamine as a source of nitrogen. In order to characterize of the synthesized N-doped CQDs, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used. After designing of the paper based sensor, an aliquot of the mixture of the N-doped CQDs:Glue (glue roles as the stabilizing agent) was injected on the hydrophilic zone of the paper and then by injection of different concentrations of iodide anion, the reduction of the fluorescence intensity was measured using the smart phone camera. By optimizing the critical parameters affecting the quenching efficiency of the N-doped CQDs including the size of the hydrophilic zone, the volume ratio of the N-doped CQDs:Glue, type of the Whtaman filter paper and the pH of sample solution, the proposed method was used for determination of iodide ion. The results show that two calibration curves in the ranges of 1-10 and 15-200 mmol L-1 iodide were obtained for determination of iodide anion. Also, the detection limit (LOD) of 3 mmol L-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 2.6-2.9 % were obtained for the iodide anion in the range of 50-150 mmol L-1. The main advantages of the propsed method are rapidity, inexpensively, simplicity, availability and no need of expert for operation.

The article is devoted to the study of the use of waste from the pulp and paper industry as soil, which can be used in technical and biological recultivation of disturbed lands, industrial waste dumps and other applications in accordance with its purpose. Studies of soil obtained from frozen sediments of sludge-lignin of JSC “Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (BPPM)” with the addition of waste activated sludge of sewage treatment facilities were carried out. They were aimed at the research of its chemical and agrochemical composition, as well as toxicological properties. The tests carried out showed that the obtained soil is capable of intensifying the recultivation succession of disturbed lands, and also contributes to an increase in the growth and biomass of plants and increases their ability to reproduce. Thus, the developed technology for processing sediments of storage cards of JSC “BPPM” is based on the creation of effective conditions for such natural processes as freezing, drainage, self-overgrowth and allows not only to reduce the technical and economic costs of waste disposal, but also to increase the social and environmental security of the region.

Perishable food really needs proper handling. Therefore, various industries and researchers continue to innovate, especially in the development of packaging. The development of active packaging is a new innovation in the field of packaging technology. This packaging innovation was designed to maintain the quality of packaged food. This study aimed to obtain the best concentration of antimicrobial garlic ingredients with a mixture of paper as an active packaging material. The concentration of garlic extract used in this study was 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Based on the result obtained, it could be concluded that the active paper with the addition of garlic extract concentration of 15% had the best effectiveness then followed by concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 0%. The effectiveness could be seen from the diameter of inhibition zone formation resulted.

The use of paper directly proportional to the growth in the number of people. The impact is in the form of environmental problems where there is logging of forest trees, and deforestation so that it affects the ecosystem and the natural environment. Trees are cut down and made into paper for human needs, including to make books as learning media. In the current technological era, the use of books as a medium of learning has an impact on students’ declining motivation to learn. To solve the problem, we proposes the application of Augmented Reality (AR) as a learning medium. This research uses Game Engine Unity and Vuforia which can display 3-dimensional objects, and uses Android as the basis of the system. In this paper, we introduce four equipments of athletic sports. The aim of this research is to reduce the use of paper as a learning medium and increase learning motivation. The result of the research is an Augmented Reality-based athletics introduction application that has been tested for its performance using blackbox testing using various conditions of its marker.

The main object of the study is to research Double A’s water treatment programs to give good suggestion to other factory that face the pollution problem and analyzed the development trend of waste-water treatment. To do an integrated analysis of the environmental problems caused by printing paper production is essential for improving the understanding of effective management of the environment in Thailand. Therefore, the overall objective of this paper is to analyze the environmental pressure of the printing paper industry in Thailand, and to identify options to reduce this pressure and evaluate their cost-effectiveness.

Pulp and paper sludge contains cellulose which has a possitive potential as compost material. This study aims to examine responses of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) seedlings planted in Ultisol and peat media with addition of pulp and paper sludge compost. Before composting, the sludge was air drained to reduce water content from 80.92% to around 60-70%. Bio decomposers consist of a combination of P. citrinum and P. oxalicum with a density of 107 ml/spores were inoculated to the sludge and incubated for six months. Compost of sludge was added to grow media (ultisol and peat) with doses equal with 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 (ton/ha). Control treatment consists of fertile soil as a negative control, and Ultisol and peat soil with chicken manure compost addition as a positive control. Seedlings height and diameter measurement were held for six months. Both in ultisol and peat media, the addition of chicken manure compost was better in raising seedlings height and diameter. However, the sludge compost addition in peat media was better in raising the seedlings biomass than those added with the chicken manure compost.

Placing indicators on the packaging is a solution that can be used to monitor the quality of food packaged. The application of indicators to packaging technology is known as smart packaging. Filter paper is one paper that can be used as an intelligent packaging element that functions as an indicator because it can absorb pH indicator solutions that are applied to monitor the freshness of meat. The research objective was to make smart packaging indicators that have high sensitivity to amine compounds such as ammonia, indole, and cadaverine; thus, it can monitor the quality of meat stored at cold temperatures. The filter paper used was Whatman number 1 filter paper which soaked with pH indicators namely Phenol Red (PR); Phenol Red (PR) + Bromothymol Blue (BTB), and Bromothymol Blue (BTB). Smart packaging was applied to packaged fresh meat and stored in cold temperatures. During the storage, the results of the microbial and enzymatic decomposition of proteins and amino acids in fresh meat such as ammonia, indole and cadaverine compound accumulated in smart packaging indicators and cause color changes in the paper indicator. The results obtained indicated that the utilization of filter paper with PR + BTB immersion had a significant sensitivity of color change that can be used to observe changes in the quality of fresh meat stored in cold temperatures.

Adsorption treatment process is one of the techniques that has been employed to treat discharge or effluent from domestic wastewater (DWW), raw water and also landfill leachate. The potential of waste paper sludge (WPS) and activated carbon (AC) as an absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both WPS and AC were mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study is regarding the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a rotational agitation speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (1:3) and the concentration capacity achieved for the ratio was 870 mg/L and 496 mg/L for NH3-N and COD, respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm studies for NH3-N and COD presented the adsorption mechanism that occurs on the composite adsorbent is physical and chemical reaction by obtaining the R2 in both model (< 1) respectively during the experiment.

Malaysia has high rates of accelerating faster on depleting activities compared any other tropical countries in the world. This problem also affects the economic losses of some countries that face deforestation. To overcome this, Napier grass from non-wood was chosen between new methods by xylanase enzyme treatment for pulp production. This study going through the morphological characterization, pulpability at kappa number and the characteristic for biochemical pulping process. These conclude that biochemical had a high percentage of pulp yields; with a low screening rejects; good Kappa number by TAPPI method. Thus, xylanase enzyme has a potential to be sub-treatment for Malaysia’s pulp and papermaking industry to produce a good waste-wealth product in future.

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using wastes from pulp and paper industry as metal corrosion inhibitors. We studied protective properties of various systems, including the primers with rust modifiers developed on the basis of sulfite spent liquors and an upper coating layer of PF-115 enamel applied to a rusty surface. Using the gravimetric method and the method of polarization curves, we found that sulfite spent liquors inhibit steel corrosion in an acidic environment. We found that the P-2 rust modifier with an addition of lye + piperidine is the most effective inhibitor of steel rusting.

As a new protein feedstuff, paper mulberry has the characteristics abundant nutrition, high protein content and good palatability, and has great development potential. In this paper, the feeding value of mulberry, the feeding method and the application in animal feeding are reviewed, which provides reference for the wide application of mulberry in animals breeding.

Bioethanol is one of the best alternative form of energy source in place of fossil fuels. In this study, bioethanol was produced from waste paper following a pre-treatment. The isolates used were isolated from fresh palm wine and characterized via standard microbiological methods. The pre-treatment was done using 5%, 10% and 50% concentrations of sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. Results obtained showed that the concentration of glucose from the substrates ranged between 0.2-0.8 ppm with 10% sulphuric acid giving the highest glucose yield. The fermentation of the sugar was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of bioethanol, which was recovered by fractional distillation. From this study, the production of bioethanol from waste paper is a veritable means of shoring up energy deficit especially in the developing countries.

Fomites have been known to harbor significant amount of microbial load and its handling by food vendors poses a significant risk to consumers. In this study, swab samples were collected from vendors handling paper currency; their food contaminated hands, and selected foods-Akara, Suya and Bole. These fomites were evaluated for organisms that may pose a risk of food infection/contamination. The organisms isolated were identified based on their macroscopic, mi-croscopic and biochemical characteristics and comparison with standard reference organisms. From the results obtained, the paper currency had the highest numbers of bacterial and fungal load (too numerous to count – TNTC), food contaminated hands ranged between 12 x 105- 15 x105 cfu/g and the selected foods- Akara, Suya and Bole had 7x105- 12 x105 cfu/g. The bacteria members’ species recorded include Pseudomonas, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter sp, Aeromonas hydrophila, Micrococcus luteus. Others include Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus. The fungal species reported include Aspergillus, Yeast, Penicillium sp. and Saccharomyces spp. Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp. Members of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were noted to occur on all the samples surveyed. From this study, it can be deduced that handling of paper currencies by food vendors could serve as a direct and indirect pathway for man-microbe interface.