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This paper examines the discreet presence of the topos of therapeutic laughter in the Essays even though Montaigne resorts to facetiousness as an anti-therapy and a striking and salutary philosophical exercise. Montaigne not only multiplies facetious outbursts against doctors and medicine (II, 37), he also insinuates a form of cynical self-medication and develops forms of joyful prophylaxis, replacing an illusory art of healing with a playful pedagogy of knowledge, teaching us how to live and die, which he implements in the therapeutic fiction of diversion (III, 4) and in the paradoxical praise of gravel (III, 13). Do these paradoxical therapeutic games not address an issue of philosophical purging of errors of judgment, and therefore reveal subversive implications, from cynical demystification to Epicurean pharmacopoeia? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse the therapeutic effects of laughter, as they are developed in the representations of the street theatre troupe of the Girard brothers, better known as the Tabarin troupe, who had great success in Dauphine Square, near the Pont Neuf in Paris, at the beginning of the 17th century. The tabarinades, beyond their mercantile feature (their initial and main goal was to sell false remedies, the Girard brothers being thus charlatans), had also an important facetious feature, trying to heal the troubled soul of people living difficult times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's goal is to examine the topos of curative laughter, by means of the digital humanities. Is this idea truly specific and recurrent throughout the early modern collections of merry tales? To determine if this is the case, we used a freeware corpus analysis toolkit to check on various peritexts, that head 89 jestbooks, 158 comic literary works, and 311 serious works, published in French between the end of the XVth century and 1699. We carried out a quantitative and qualitative study about the way the lexicon linked to health, cure and medicine is used in each corpus. We could thus highlight the specificity of collections gathering jests and merry tales. It does not lie only in the claim that relaxation is good for health (a claim they share with all comic works), but also and more precisely in the recurrent use of the word melancholy, for commercial purposes and legitimation of pleasure. Specific as well is the link between pseudo-medical considerations and other practical tips about the uses of a book designed for collective consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constitutive multicodicity of cinema naturally influences its inscription in temporality, which is heterogenous, fragmentary and problematic even in the most mundane cases. The lack of unmediated materiality which defines temporal categories stands in sharp contrast with the materiality and immanence of images, those two characteristics leading to the impossibility of ascribing a temporal value other than that of the present. But being confined to the present has potentially encouraged filmmakers to seek out artistic and technical means to “manipulate” (in the good sense of the word) the temporal representations of the viewers in order to create the sentiment of escaping the present and of moving across chronological boundaries. More than in other artistic medium, the perception of past and future is a carefully crafted artifact, the intention of the author working on different levels. Our paper sets out to highlight the different temporal categories with which film operates and some of the main devices for creating temporal depth, with a particular emphasis on the narrative technique of the flash-back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted humanity, casting the world's Education Systems into an unprecedented crisis: schools have had to close down and teachers have been liable to teach in ways they had never used before and which they had never been prepared for. Being faced with this new situation, their voices were heard in a multitude of forms, starting with a spontaneous expression of their point of view on social networks and ending with some scientific discourses that were formulated during professional events and gathered in volumes. Our paper aims to analyze a corpus of speeches made by some Romanian teachers during the pandemic, to identify, in this way, their reactions to these major changes, as well as certain shortor long-term effects on the Romanian Education System in the post-pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aimed at drawing up the wide range of the main emotions (joy, sadness, anger, and fear) that emerge in the version of the legend of Tristan and Isolde that Béroul proposes. More precisely, we will try to analyse how lovers and the king manifest their emotions at the body level and in speech. At the same time, we will question the semantics in which each character invests these emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its constant presence in the theoretical discourse related to humoristic literature, the facetiae represents a rather new interest centre of literary research. The complexity of the facetious manifestations in the comic literature at the dawn of modernity is due on one hand to the difficulties of finding the unity of its lexical definitions and on the other hand to its genericity, meaning its capacity of appearing within more than one literary genres. Our paper proposes to synthetize the phenomenon of the facetious expression, which crosses a long period (since the end of Middle Age until the dawn of Enlightenment). Always oscillating between placere and docere, between pure entertainment and socio-pragmatic utility, the facetiae finds its essential place within the European cultural space, both in literature (especially in narratives as well as in theatre), and in the new social relations, signs of a new sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investiture speech of His Excellency Mr. (H.E.M) Alassane Bala Sakandé (P.A.N) delivered on September 8, 2017 before the National Assembly of Burkina and broadcast live on Burkina National Radio and Television is not only his very first official speech but also a political discourse with multiple challenges, given the context of its production. Behind this speech that looks like a funeral oration, there lies a whole strategy of political communication based sometimes on the efficient exploitation of different forms of self-representation in the speech, sometimes on a deliberate desire to influence its audience by surfing on its emotions. If the form of the evoked content draws the attention, it is not less about the form of expression which rests on the rhetoric of the seduction and draws itself from the source of the enthymeme and logical reasoning. This paper questions in particular the notion of political ethos linked to that of pathos to examine the stakes of this discourse as logos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using enunciative polyphony as a methodological framework, this paper will focus on irony in the populist discourse in Morocco. This discourse presents itself as a language form with specific features: it is polemical, strewn with pathos, scandalous and violent. It deals with ridiculing the adversary, scrutinizing his faults, his imperfections and making him a subject of laughter. In the corpus that we have collected (a corpus made up of oral speeches by Moroccan political party leaders uttered in various contexts), we have come across several forms of aggressiveness: direct, explicit attacks, such as insults, and others more subtle, implicit, which can be guessed through implications and presuppositions like irony. In the analysis that we intend to present, irony will certainly be treated as a linguistic device consisting in saying the opposite of what one thinks or of what one wants to make think, as put forward: Fontanier 1977, Dumarsais, 1967, Henri Morier 1989, but moreover, it will be analyzed taking into account its polyphonic dimension as conceived by O. Ducrot. In his treatment of irony, Ducrot began by making a fundamental distinction between speaker and enunciator. Then, he focused his approach on the localization of linguistic processes manifesting the plurality of voices in the same utterance. In this sense, the single subject (in our case the populist speaker-enunciator) who says I may not be responsible for what he utters. It is a game of voice, which this work will reveal, which can be disputed, confronted, diverged and converged in the same statement. Moreover, the saying and the said indeed embodies this relationship between the saying referring to the enunciation by the speaker of a message for which he is responsible, and the said referring to what is not directly taken care of by the speaker, but only communicated through utterance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French linguistic factor exerted pressure in the different stages of the evolution of the Romanian language, enriching and dynamizing it, accelerating its evolution. But the imitative excess leads to a reaction of rejection. The myth is denounced, the model of the perfect language is subjected to criticism. The interaction between the two languages gives rise, over time, to a different imaginary. It reflects the subjective and self-reflexive perspective of the Romanian speaker. In our paper, we will analyze the relevance of the theory of the linguistic imaginary from this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to examine the processes of identity building which can be observed into the platform “Mémoire, les images d’archive en region Centre” (Memory, the Archive Images in the Region Centre), animated by CICLIC and funded by the Region Centre-Val de Loire. The site makes available, free of charge, since its opening in 2010, several thousand amateur films shot in the region since 1920 and meets a real interest from web users. Confronting the discourses of political leaders of the Region, the intentions expressed by the head of the archive part of CICLIC in charge of the platform, the feedback of users, but also analyzing the sociotechnical organization of the platform, we will seek to identify the different strategies experienced in order to work toward the goal of memorial construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides a discursive study upon the development of a Christian identity through the liturgical prayers of remembrance of the faithful that are part of the Eucharistic Liturgy attributed to Saint John Chrysostom, the most frequently celebrated in the Orthodox Church, throughout the liturgical year. The discursive analysis focuses on the French text of this sermon, as it was translated by Reverend Archimandrite Placide Deseille, one of the greatest contemporary French Orthodox theologians. This analysis is developed around the lexical and semantic study of phrases such as: “remembering in the Kingdom of God”, “the remembrance of God” and “to commemorate” being supported by a theological reflection, borrowed from another great Contemporary French theologian, secular this time, Jean-Claude Larchet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]