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Aim: Provide insight into the concept of stress in the context of challenging behaviour of nursing home residents with dementia and its causes and consequences. Background: Challenging behaviour is frequent in residents with dementia, but consequences for nursing staff are unclear. Introduction: Challenging behaviour of residents can be enervating for nurses and may lead to stress. Although stress in general is associated with negative outcomes, an overview of stress in this context would be a welcome addition to the field. Method: Concept analysis according to Walker and Avant. Results: Identified antecedents of stress: physical and verbal aggression, conflicts, excessive demands and being unresponsive (residents), age, experience, tenure, nursing level and training (nursing staff). Defining attributes: disturbed homoeostasis and the personal appraisal of the situation. Identified consequences regard health, psychological aspects and behaviour. Discussion: Intervening in the identified factors may contribute to prevention of stress in nursing staff. Limitations: Given a lack of strong empirical studies, our analysis is not based on a high level of evidence and needs to be tested. Papers from before 1990 might have been missed. Conclusion: The concept analysis revealed that nursing staff stress in the context of challenging behaviour may result from resident and nursing staff factors. Besides health and psychological consequences, behavioural consequences can enormously impact the well ‐ being of residents. Implications: Application in daily care to support teams in influencing resident and nursing staff factors could prevent stress, for instance using behavioural management training or recruiting higher educated nursing staff. Given the increasing complexity of care, creating specialized units with specifically trained staff for different groups of people with dementia may be desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The article addresses selected determinants of the nursing shortage in Poland and other countries in the face of employee ageing. Background: Global demographic changes have led to a systematic increase in the elderly population and a decreasing number of births, which have impacted health policy and healthcare systems in various countries. Both processes necessitate transitions in global health care. Nursing care, which has faced a human resources crisis, is a strategic area within this context. Sources of evidence: This study is based on national listings and strategic documents for nursing policy in Poland, including Increasing average age of nurses and midwives prepared by the Polish Main Council of Nurses and Midwives, the incorporation of big data, international reports and a literature review on nursing and healthcare challenges. Discussion/Conclusions: This paper argues that the causes of the nursing shortage are multifaceted with no single global or local measure of its nature. An overview of the problem indicates ineffective planning and use of available nursing resources, poor recruitment or an undersupply of a new staff, and global demographic conditions. The overview highlights the fact that nursing shortages have reached a critical point for healthcare services on both the local and global levels. Conclusions for nursing and health policy: The general recommendations for nursing policy include the need to prepare and implement national social security agendas into services provided by nurses. Such a programme would include general issues: improving working and employment conditions, implementing mechanisms regulating salary and providing the possibility of lifelong learning with the incorporation of mobile and technological innovations as a sustainable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background As future health educators, nursing and physiotherapy students will play an essential role in the prevention of smoking. Aim To determine the prevalence of smoking among students and to analyse their knowledge of and attitudes towards smoking. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire and conducted in a Spanish Faculty of Health Sciences in 2013. Findings 247 nursing and physiotherapy students (82.33%) participated in the study. The global prevalence of smoking (18.2%) was lower compare with the general population group of the same age. We have observed statistical significance in relation to previous studies. Nursing and physiotherapy students showed a low nicotine dependence. We found a lack of knowledge about the harmful effects of cigarette consumption on health. Statistically significant results were also found in relation to degree courses (p < 0.01) as regards students' opinions about their knowledge of strategies and methods to help patients stop smoking. Conclusion Most students started smoking before commencing their university studies; consequently, interventions should focus on cessation programmes. An analysis of university curricula leading to the award of a degree in the health sciences could serve to identify educational deficiencies in order to implement the necessary modifications. Implications for nursing and health policy This paper presents an update in tobacco use characteristics amongst nursing and physiotherapy students. Those results have showed a need to improve the curricula in order to develop specific programmes to improve knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Measures to prevent smoking must be taken at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To evaluate demographic and occupational factors of professional life on life satisfaction among nurses in Serbia and Poland. Background: Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue, as aspects of a nurse's professional life, may affect their satisfaction with life in general. However, most studies on this topic have been conducted in Asian countries, and because there are differences in health care system performance across countries amid a global shortage of nurses, it is necessary to investigate professional quality of life in the European nursing context. Methods: This multicenter, comparative, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 669 hospital nurses in Serbia and Poland. The survey data were collected between November 2019 and February 2020 using the Demographic and Occupational Questionnaire (DOQ), Professional Quality‐of‐Life Scale (ProQOL‐5), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). STROBE Statement guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed. Results: Most nurses from both countries reported having moderate compassion satisfaction, moderate risk for compassion fatigue, and an average life satisfaction. The predictive factors of life satisfaction that most stand out include country of origin, financial situation, education, job satisfaction, and compassion fatigue. Discussion and conclusion: Quality of professional life is significantly affected by shift duration, age, work experience, and job satisfaction. Negative aspects of professional life are significant predictors of life satisfaction. Implications for nursing policy: The findings of this study indicate a need for implementing flexible shift patterns and enhancing interventions that will improve job satisfaction and compassion satisfaction while reducing the risk of compassion fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GURKOVÁ E., ČÁP J., ŽIAKOVÁ K. & ĎURIŠKOVÁ M. (2011) Job satisfaction and emotional subjective well-being among Slovak nurses. International Nursing Review 59, 94-100 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate job satisfaction and emotional subjective well-being and the correlations between these two constructs among Slovak nurses. Design: A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate this relationship among nurses ( n = 104) working in seven public hospitals in Slovakia. Methods: Data were collected using a set of questionnaires that included the questionnaire to measure job satisfaction, the Positive Affect Scale, the Negative Affect Scale and a demographics form. Findings: Findings of this study confirmed some general satisfying and dissatisfying elements for the nursing profession across different clinical specialties and different cultures. The results also indicate that there is a positive correlation between positive emotions and job satisfaction of Slovak nurses. Conclusion: The paper has drawn attention to the job satisfaction and emotional well-being among nurses. Further studies in this field, extended to different countries, work settings and nursing specialties, may help to improve subjective well-being of nurses. Study limitations: Participants came from a limited number of hospitals in Slovakia. A larger sample from different hospitals in Slovakia could have enhanced the generalizability of the results and increased the power of the study to detect significant differences and associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this project was to analyse the level of satisfaction with life amongst Polish oncology nurses compared to their system of values. Background: There are a large number of scholarly reports on job satisfaction and occupational burnout among oncologic nurses, and hardly any impact on their level of life satisfaction. Introduction: Satisfaction with life, positive feelings and lack of negative feelings are the three important elements of subjective well‐being. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey study design was used. One hundred and forty registered nurses working at oncology centres in Poland were surveyed during the 21st Annual Polish Oncology Nursing Conference. The study used a diagnostic survey method utilizing the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the List of Personal Values and an original survey questionnaire for collecting socio‐demographic data. Results: There was significant relationship between the level of satisfaction with life in oncology nurses and their age, work seniority, the working system and family life. Discussion: Satisfaction with life and work is interconnected, and oncology nursing is characterized by significant physical and mental strain. The level of satisfaction depends on many variables, such as preferred system of values, work organization, age and work seniority. Conclusions: Age and years of work experience affect oncology nurses' satisfaction with life. Working on a shift system and having a second job lower their satisfaction with life. Nurses who identify happiness symbols in the category of happy family life present a higher level of satisfaction with life. Implications for nursing policy and practice: The low level of satisfaction with life among Polish oncology nurses is an important factor in the contemporary threats in nursing, and commitment to the improvement of the quality of life in this professional group should become a priority of shaping the image of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to describe nurses' perceptions of workplace culture, especially in regard to stress levels, job satisfaction and the practice environment in primary health care. Background: Health care is facing many challenges related to its attractiveness as a place of employment and the maintenance of a sufficient workforce supply. Previous studies report increasing rates of nurse job dissatisfaction and intentions to leave their current positions both in Finland and also globally. Improving workplace culture is thus vital in meeting the challenges related to recruitment and retention. Methods: A cross ‐ sectional descriptive design was used to describe nurses' perceptions of workplace culture. Data were collected by questionnaire from 22 units in nine primary healthcare organizations in Finland, and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most of the respondents indicated that they were not certain whether their workplace culture was either positive or negative. Profession, age and work shift characteristics had an effect on the respondents' perceptions of workplace culture. Younger licensed practical and registered nurses assessed their workplace culture more positively, whereas older registered nurses and those working rotating rosters viewed workplace culture more negatively. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both unit and demographic characteristics affect workplace culture. This survey highlights that a positive workplace culture is one of the key factors in retaining and recruiting nurses, and provides an essential evidence that may be considered by other healthcare organizations. Implications for nursing and health policy: Nurse managers and healthcare leaders need to address workload management and take into account the related variables that affect a unit's workplace culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Of elders with mild cognitive impairment, around half recover their cognitive function at some point in time. However, very little is known about the factors that influence their cognitive change towards recovery. Aim This study evaluated the role of depression, instrumental activity of daily living and sleep quality as they affect cognition recovery among community-dwelling elders. Methods The study follows a longitudinal comparative research design using secondary data analysis. Community-dwelling elders with mild cognitive impairment were assessed twice with a 1-year interval to assess their levels of cognition. Adult participants were drawn from those who visited a community health centre, were aged 65 or over and who were assessed as having MCI. Results Those with mild cognitive impairment when compared with the normal cognition group were more likely to be younger, have more education, living with their spouses and had better cognitive function at baseline assessment than other participants. Predictors for cognitive recovery among elders with mild cognitive impairment were age, depression and cognitive function at baseline assessment. Limitations Participants included only those who visit a community health centre in an urban area of Korea, so the findings may not be applicable to other elders with less mobility or who live in rural areas. Implications for nursing and health policy With the understanding that cognitive function and depression predict the recovery of mild cognitive function, nurses might be able to identify and target those older adults who are likely to achieve recovery of cognitive function. Additionally, health policy options, as suggested by the study as having the potential to improve mild cognitive impairment recovery, could include public education strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background 'Ageing in place' is widely promoted as a response to global ageing and increased demand for services, but little evidence is available about what older people think they need in terms of services and supports to remain at home. Aim To investigate older people's needs when ageing in place in order to provide evidence to inform policies and strategies promoting the option of ageing in place. Methods A total of 568 elderly persons in Hangzhou, China, were surveyed in 2009-2011 using a modified questionnaire validated in the USA and China. Results Overall, 88.9% of older adults were satisfied with the community in which they live; 97.2% were satisfied with life quality. Health problems and healthcare access difficulty increased with age. House repairs and housework were the most troubling. Respondents identified high need for social and health promotion services and this varied across age groups. Limitations Cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire could have been influenced by differences in socioeconomic and cultural factors. The sample excluded older adults with disabilities, bed-ridden and/or unable to communicate thus limiting the scope of relevance. Conclusion A majority of older adult respondents ageing at home lived a relatively healthy life; however, they required more comprehensive health insurance to cover costs of long-term health problems and access to home care support. Implications for nursing and health policy The needs of community-dwelling older Chinese people in the Xiacheng District are not being fully met and much remains be done to increase community and regional capacity before ageing in place can be promoted as a policy strategy. More generally, nursing and health policies geared to enhance the self-sufficiency of older people residing in their communities must draw upon evidence of assessed needs and client perspectives of their requirements before services can be designed and delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous studies internationally have highlighted that working with people living with HIV/ AIDS may lead to nurses' stress and burnout. However, this topic has not been well explored in Russia, a country with an exponential growth in HIV/ AIDS. Aim This study focused on nurses' job satisfaction and their attitudes towards people living with HIV/ AIDS in centres where nurses regularly treat such patients, and in a general hospital where nurses rarely treat such patients. Method We distributed three self-report questionnaires: demographics, job satisfaction and attitudes towards people living with HIV/ AIDS to nurses working in six HIV/ AIDS centres and the largest general hospital in Ekaterinburg, Russia. Sixty-nine nurses from the HIV/ AIDS centres and 66 from the general hospital (about 90% of those approached) completed these. Results Nurses who regularly treated people with HIV/ AIDS were significantly younger and a greater number held master degrees than those who rarely treated such patients. No significant differences between the two settings emerged for job satisfaction but what did emerge were differences in nurses' attitudes: nurses in HIV/ AIDS centres reported less avoidance than nurses in the general hospital. Regarding empathetic attitudes, no significant differences emerged, but empathetic attitudes contributed to the explained variance of job satisfaction. Conclusion Although our sample was small, the associations found between avoidant attitudes and job satisfaction highlight the need for stigma-reduction strategies and increased disease knowledge. Healthcare managers should consider attitudes towards people living with HIV/ AIDS as an important factor in ensuring adequate care for them and initiate education programmes for nurses, especially programmes dealing with HIV/ AIDS in general hospitals. Implications for nursing and health policy Support and supervision can be used as a strategy, for empowering nurses to meet the challenges of working with HIV/ AIDS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Urinary incontinence ( UI) is not a life threatening condition but it adversely affects physical and mental health, sexual function and quality of life in women. Aim To review the related literature to identify prevalence, risk factors and quality of life among only Turkish women. Methods Computerized searches on PubMed, Turkish Medline, EBSCO Host; articles from indexed journals related to the topics in this review and published between 1996 and 30 April 2012 were evaluated. After completion of database searches, a final total of 20 studies were identified that fitted the inclusion criteria. Results This review revealed that the prevalence of UI among Turkish women was reported by 16 studies ranged from 16.4% to 49.7%. The most common risk factors were age, number of births, body mass index > 25 kg/m2, recurrent urinary infection, diabetes mellitus and vaginal delivery. The effect of UI on the quality of life was mild to moderate. Conclusions We found that the prevalence of UI of Turkish women showed a wide range. It is important for health professionals to be aware of the high prevalence of UI in women and to ask about its possible presence. Improving the quality of life in women with UI is an important issue and nurses should direct women to seek psychosocial support. The findings of this review could serve as a source of information for health systems that deal with UI, and it may help to inform health professionals and women with UI on early diagnosis, treatment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim We investigated whether the presence and characteristics of a family caregiver affect the use of formal long-term care under the new Korean long-term care system. Background In July 2008, Korea introduced public long-term care insurance, a form of social insurance, in order to cope with the reality of the growing elderly population and the increasing demand for long-term care. Methods The family caregivers of 271 applicants for long-term care insurance who had a caregiver and 36 applicants without a caregiver living in one city participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected from November 2010 to June 2011 using self-report questionnaires. Variables included the applicant's gender; age; physical and cognitive function; type of long-term care used; presence and type of family caregivers; caregiver's gender, age, education level, marital status, and employment status; and service use covered by long-term care insurance. Logistic multiple regression was used. Results The effect of the presence and characteristics of a family caregiver on the use of a long-term care facility was significant. A nursing home was used for care more frequently when the applicant had no family caregiver. An elderly subject who had a spouse as a caregiver used home healthcare services more often than nursing home services. Conclusion The decision to use formal services may depend not only on the care level required by the applicant, but also on the presence and type of caregivers. To successfully implement the new long-term care insurance system, consideration of the caregiver situation should be included in policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Family planning ( FP) is a key global health issue for achieving millennium development goals by 2015. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of changes in FP practice before and after interventions among Ethiopian women of reproductive age in a rural area. Methods This study used a panel survey to identify predictors that placed women at greater risk for non-use of FP methods. The sample consisted of 407 women aged 19-49 years old living in a rural community of Ethiopia who completed both a baseline and follow-up survey. Trained local enumerators conducted face-to-face interviews during home visits. Patterns of FP practice were categorized into four groups: FP use at both baseline and follow-up; use at baseline but non-use at follow-up; non-use at baseline but use at follow-up; non-use at both baseline and follow-up. Logistic regression and classification and regression tree analyses were used. Results In a binary logistic regression, women over 35 years old with a negative attitude towards FP and resided in the Sibu area were less likely to start FP practice. Women over 35 years who were in poor health and resided in Sibu were less likely to continue FP practice. For the decision tree, age was the primary node for FP non-users at baseline while area of residence was the primary node for FP users at baseline. Conclusion Age, health status, attitude towards FP, and area of residence are the primary considerations when developing FP interventions for Ethiopian women in a resource-limited rural area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AL-DOSSARY R., VAIL J. & MACFARLANE F. (2012) Job satisfaction of nurses in a Saudi Arabian university teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study. International Nursing Review 59, 424-430 Background: Saudi Arabia is developing very fast in all disciplines, especially in nursing and health. Only about five studies between 1990 and 2010 have been undertaken in Saudi Arabia concerning factors influencing job satisfaction of nurses, although a body of knowledge exists globally. Aim: The purpose of this research was to measure nurses' job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia in a university teaching hospital and to determine the influencing factors. Methods: A quantitative, cross sectional method, self-administered questionnaire was used for this study. A systematic sample of N = 189 nurses was used to collect data. The SPSS version 16.0. was used to analyze the data. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to test hypotheses concerning different groups, and correlation tests (the Pearson's and Spearman's rank tests) were used to examine relationships between variables. Results: Overall, nurses were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their jobs. However, nurses indicated satisfaction with supervision, co-workers and nature of work. The sources of dissatisfaction were with subscales such as pay, fringe benefits, contingent rewards and operating conditions. Conclusion: These findings indicate that there is a need to increase nurses' salaries and bonuses for extra duties. More training programmes and further education also should be encouraged for all nurses. Therefore, it is imperative that nursing managers and policy makers in Saudi Arabia consider these findings to improve nurses' job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]