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This paper aims at estimating the regional and sectoral impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic in the state of Sergipe, Brazil in 2020. We use an input‐output model with partial hypothetical extraction. The main results suggest a significant reduction in economic activity in the state, particularly in the Transport and Industry sectors. On the other hand, the Real estate and Food and Accommodation sectors have a greater capacity for recovery with the introduction of an emergency aid program. The municipalities with the largest absolute impact on gross domestic product are Aracaju, Canindé de São Francisco and Nossa Senhora do Socorro, two of them located in the metropolitan area of Aracaju. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By examining China's province‐level data, this paper uses governmental intervention theory to investigate the extent to which governmental policy interventions alleviate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on local economic growth. Results suggest that stronger government intervention during COVID‐19 pandemic boost the economic recovery, and the effectiveness of governmental policy interventions is contingent on pandemic severity and local economic endowment. Specifically, facilitating effect of government intervention on economic growth is effective in all provinces, and the impact of government intervention is more pronounced in the province with more diagnosed cases, a high level of marketization and fiscal income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the opening decades of the twenty‐first century certain cities around the world emerged as hubs of entrepreneurial innovation. This paper explores this urban economic change phenomenon through in‐depth and comparative qualitative analysis. It focuses on the recent contemporary history of New York, Los Angeles, London, Berlin, Tokyo and Shanghai prior to the global COVID pandemic. Based on an analysis of the drivers, mechanisms and processes of change, it is found that these cities acted as places of possibility for many individuals who previously may have been unlikely to engage in entrepreneurship. The cities were found to have established new development paths through entrepreneurial innovation stemming from co‐creation network dynamics, with key human agents playing pivotal roles. Common elements include the rise of venture capital, the growth of entrepreneurial cultures, and institutional policy changes. Notably, entrepreneurial innovation was found to be closely tied to changes in large corporates. This innovation evolved through the proliferation of new infrastructure such as co‐working spaces and innovation incubators, with each city being utilised as a test‐bed for new ideas. Finally, the emergence of a darker side to entrepreneurial innovation is found in terms of growing urban inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even during the current COVID-19 crisis, venture capital (VC) is booming in India. Indian-based VC funds grew from less than 10 at the start of the 1990s to more than 500 nowadays, with the amount of total investment continuously increasing since 2000. The aim of this paper is to contextualize the process of emergence, development, and boom of the Indian VC industry from the theoretical perspective of innovation and entrepreneurial systems, particularly incorporating contributions from Latin American and Indian authors. In doing so, we present a global, historical, and territorially grounded narrative of the Indian VC development stressing the relevance of: (a) the institutional and technological capabilities accumulated by the Indian National Innovation System (NIS) and the Indian Computer and Information Services Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (CISEE), particularly around Bangalore, (b) the role of the State (and the institutional entrepreneurs) and the timing of the STI policy oriented to the software industry, (c) the growing influence of global players such as the World Bank, the Indian American argonauts and multinational enterprises, and (d) the U.S. offshoring opportunities and the growing Indian domestic demand. We discuss these processes with a wider relevance for theoretical and policy advancement in Global South settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a public health emergency, the COVID‐19 pandemic has attracted widespread attention from scholars worldwide. Combining social network models, GIS analysis and spatial econometric models, we explored the characteristics of the Wuhan population outflow network and factors affecting the number of COVID‐19 cases. The results show that the Wuhan population outflow network has strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Cities in Hubei Province, central cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, and cities rich in tourism resources were the main destinations of Wuhan's population inflow. The distribution of COVID‐19 cases not only showed a strong spatial autocorrelation but also a hierarchical diffusion effect. The benchmark regression results showed that the population outflow from Wuhan determines the number of COVID‐19 cases in other cities. Temperature was negatively correlated with the number of COVID‐19 cases, while the PM2.5 concentration failed the significance test. Thus, the lower is the temperature, the greater are the survival and spread of the virus facilitated. Furthermore, cities with a higher population density and more employees in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are more vulnerable to COVID‐19. Finally, by replacing the weight matrix and setting instrumental variables, we proved the robustness of the above main conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 poses an unprecedented challenge to human society. To cope with the pandemic, people seek information from various communication channels. Microblog websites are highly influential information channels for the public to get timely information during the pandemic. Building on the heuristic‐systematic processing model, this study identifies the multiple characteristics (content, author, and social features) that may play a role in triggering long cascades of reposts of COVID‐19‐related news microblogs. With a large‐scale news microblog database collected from Weibo and an innovative information gain method, we find that heuristic thinking plays a dominant role in COVID‐19 pandemic‐related news microblog reposting decisions and further discloses the specific influencing factors of such behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use individual‐level data from the United States Current Population Survey to examine effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on employment losses across metropolitan area status and population size. Job losses spiked in April 2020, and partially recovered in subsequent months. Non‐metropolitan and metropolitan areas of all sizes experienced significant employment losses, but the impacts were much larger in large metropolitan areas. The COVID‐19 infection rate was initially higher in large metropolitan areas and this is a significant factor explaining the higher early employment losses in large metropolitan areas. However, higher job losses for large metropolitan areas persisted through summer and fall 2020 even after COVID‐19 infection rates became higher in less populous areas. We find evidence of persistent effects of early COVID‐19 infection rates on later employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 pandemic destroyed lives and the global economy, and in the wake left businesses struggling to re‐open in urban China. The Chinese party‐state implemented fiscal reforms targeted towards small businesses, however little research has evaluated business' understanding of policies and implementation, particular to the focus on rural migrant entrepreneurs. Therefore, we conducted an ethnographic case study including in‐depth interviews to determine to what extent rural migrant micro‐entrepreneurs understand and adopt COVID‐19 business support policies at two retail markets in Shanghai amid a pandemic. Applying an inductive grounded theory approach, the data demonstrated participants believe policies are legitimate but not for me because I am getihu by myself. We maintain their understanding is a legacy of hukou and is confirmed through the theory of validation including recognition through agreement with significant others including other entrepreneurs and family; corroboration with life experiences in Shanghai; and resonance of their migration story as self‐sufficient entrepreneurs surviving with their own capabilities. They have a degree of certainty their understanding is fact because it has been repeatedly validated through life experiences of a migrant lacking hukou in Shanghai. The study encourages consideration for the migrant entrepreneur context and has important practical implications for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates regional employment and production resilience to adverse crisis shocks. We extend the concept of resilience beyond the notion of resistance and fast recovery to include the potential of positive spillovers to related industries in neighboring regions. The industrial analysis of the automotive cluster in Mexico relies on a spatial shift‐share approach to characterize the resilience ability of regional industries. The study employs the Sub‐Prime crisis as a benchmark to identify the type of employment and production recovery after an adverse shock of similar magnitude. Four industries within the automotive cluster present various degrees of spatial dependence—those industries with the most significant spillover effects on neighboring regions. The type of resilience shown by these automotive industries in the regions during the Sub Prime Crisis serves as a benchmark to base policy government and corporate decisions after the economic crisis caused by the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]