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The best way for children to learn is through adult models. If in the world of fashion the model is the small size of the mother’s clothing, in literature is the most beautiful adaptation. Art and language technique that ensure the cuntinuity of thoughts and events in adaptation are the subject of this paper. Compering it with N. Frashwri report, we have noted the way of interpreting the lexical data annd the internal connection of this semantic categories that ensure these connections as a good opportunity to show the values of the Albanian cultural heritiage throgh the language. O Grillo’s schoolarly narrative enables us to provide explanations that gives paraphrases of notions or summary of the time sequences of fragments the breakdown of popular syntactic structures as an important part of maintaing the grammar plan we have served more than 15 units words stable and phraseological phrases together with their illustration for enthusiastic albanian readers. The explanations are made in conjunction with their semantics in the work of N. Frashwri “Histori e Skwndwrbeut” bringing them in two contemporary context, in accordance with the psychological features of the age and ethical values recognizing the didactic and ethical values of N. Frashwri. We say that the excisting pictures is added to the civic and ethical competence of this age group. The methodology followed is that of analysing the text to point out the ways of paraphrasing, hyperonymy, hyponymy. The paper argues the need for writting and learning Albanian with levels, thus serving the little ones, but also further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses nominative case in Albanian language. The most important function that nominative has in Indo-European languages is the function of the subject, and in addition, this case in Serbian and Albanian can perform several other functions that will be presented in this paper. In Albanian the function of the vocative is performed by the nominative without a preposition, which will prove to be the most significant difference between nominative without prepositions in Albanian and nominative in Serbian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Albanian standard language is the asset of our entire nation, regardless of state borders. As for the standard Albanian language in the Republic of North Macedonia, we can say that, although late, today it is being used in educational institutions, in school textbooks, in information tools, in state administration, in politics, in culture, etc. As is known, standard Albanian already functions as a standard language within various administrative and state staff in the Republic of North Macedonia. Until recently, it was used only by the Albanian-speaking community here, but now with the officialization of the Albanian language, its implementation has proven that we encounter problems of a linguistic nature. Starting from these conclusions, at the same time thinking that it would be a topic of interest, I decided to enter the observation and study related to the description of the existing level of use, the implementation of its spelling norms and the functional extension of standard Albanian. The importance of the correct use of the Albanian language has been discussed in many meetings and discussions, seminars and conferences, also many papers have been published in various scientific journals with the hope of the awareness of our institutions, but also of our society. From the beginning, we must emphasize that this paper or this topic was treated with the desire not to criticize, but to treat it as an issue and at the same time to present some problems related to this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cohesion in jokes is the topic we have selected in this paper. Aiming to show that cohesion includes the special linguistic elements of textuality, the interrelationship of units in jokes texts will be presented. The subject in the treatment is important because there are few studies in the linguistics of the text in Kosovo, with which this object of study is also related. Even the object of this paper, in the framework of the theories of the text, is very little treated. This has conditioned the selection of linguistic tools, which will be treated in this paper, some of which are not fully treated either in grammars or dictionaries of the Albanian language. For a more complete treatment of cohesion, we will rely on the study of Bardh Rugova (2009), which refers to the most important authors of text linguistics, who have dealt with the treatment of cohesion, such as Hallidy & Hasan, VanDijk, De Beaugrande & Dressler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work, itself, will show us how important language is not only as a system of rules or fundamental elements in human communications, but also how important is the way how the society has progressed, to reach the present day. This element, as it will be seen in the work /in the paper, even when it becomes part of the different translations, it must preserve its essence and every another point that must not be changed. Therefore, as it will be discussed in the paper, it took a long time for the language to take its present form and to create a proper image itself. But, on the other hand even when the words were translated, they had to be seen so as not to lose their essence and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the article in different languages is of great importance, especially when teaching and studying a foreign language. The use of the article, especially in the German language, presents a big problem for foreigners who learn or study the German language. This happens because when learning a foreign language, in most cases, the system of the native language serves in an analogous way. The article, in the grammars of different languages, is not treated as a separate word class or at least tends not to be treated as such. The German language has a system of prefixing articles (definit der, das die and indefinit ein, ein, eine), while in the Albanian language there are the front articles i, e, të, së and back articles or suffixes of names depending on the case of the name. while in the Albanian language it is different, in fact there are front and back articles. The object of this paper is the article, respectively the definit and indefinit article as determinants of the name (Determinative), its use in the German language and the equivalent forms in the Albanian language. Other parts of the determinants can only be handled according to the given circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the legislative-legal substyle of the administrative functional style in the Macedonian language, in parallel with the parallels in the Albanian language, through which we give a kind of presentation of the lexical elements that are widely frequented in the administrative functional style, thus capturing the similarities and the differences of this style in both languages. Administrative style covers the use of language within the activities of state institutions (within the state and in relations with other states). Legislative-legal sub-style is one of the sub-styles of administrative functional style, which is realized through laws, statutes, orders, etc. With the comparative approach and the use of the deductive research method, we will try to give our own review of the lexicon of the administrative functional style in the use in the public institutions in Macedonia. The aim is to give an institutional lexical overview of the functional style that is the subject of work in this paper, precisely because of the relevance of such language issues and policies nowadays, and related to the bilingualism of documents in interinstitutional correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze French and Albanian proverbs which contain animal names. By highlighting the similarities and differences from a cultural standpoint, we will try to find the equivalences between them. On this occasion, we have compared the presence of animal names in selected proverbs in order to ascertain whether the same domestic and wild animals have been perceived in the same way in both cultures, as well as if their metaphorical and symbolic meaning is the same. With the help of the contrasting method, we will analyze the lexical and semantic structure of French proverbs which contain these lexemes and their Albanian equivalents. We have divided these proverbs into two categories: those which have the same lexico-semantic structure in both languages and those that have different lexical structures, whereas, based on their semantic content are the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The illocutionary act plays an important role in understanding the speech acts. This act relates to the speaker intentions during the conversation. The main purpose of this paper is to research the refusal strategies of Albanians living in North Macedonia. The research is based on empirical data collected from the survey. Quantitative data were collected from a total of 331 respondents from different cities, genders and ages. The results of the research showed that the participants use more indirect strategies and there is a tendency to use explanations, excuses, regrets, apologies, which are attached to the refusals. No significant differences were observed in the refusal strategies between the sexes, but some differences were observed according to the variable "age". Albanians show courtesy, use a higher style of expression during reasoning, depending on the social status of the interlocutor. They express themselves differently in different situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will deal with the comparison of the two most important 20th-century world literature novels. The theme of Kafka's novel has its source in the sharp contrast between the protagonists and the reality surrounding which Kafka's characters are incapable of accepting. His novels and novels are dominated by the misunderstanding, the nightmare, the illusion, the anguish of God's silence. Kafka accuses in his works the inhuman bureaucratic social system and criticizes the justice system. The protagonist in the novel The Trial is a victim of the system and at the same time guilty as an integral part of the bureaucratic apparatus. The process against it is a perfect organization of actions and people, who arrest innocent people, fabricate meaningless processes. On the other hand Albert Camu inextricably links his personal life, with the collective vicissitudes, in the name of man, of his absurd life on earth in search of truth and happiness. Camus' work begins with the existential problems of the absurd: he asserts that man is alone, surrounded by a state of eternal wretchedness: poverty, pain, injustice, violence create an unjustified wilderness around him. To avoid despair one must accept this situation with sobriety and must consciously struggle to affirm oneself and the „relentless greatness of life". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper that is the subject of our processing, we have paid attention to linguistics and linguistic studies, ethnological and ethnographic studies, as well as sociological and sociolinguistic studies. The divisions that are characteristic of each science separately are covered, as well as the common elements that unite them in one science, and that is ethnosocial linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social media changed our lives, but also altered people's understanding of what can be considered today as a good artistically and aesthetically piece of literature. Today, is getting more popular internet literature, and such tendency is also popular in Macedonian literature. On one hand this modern literature provides easier affirmation, but on the other hand allows flow of trash literature. The social media provides a new way of literary expression that fully meets the needs of the modern world. But how good is artistic freedom for literary development? Is this literature trying to keep the essential aesthetic and literary norms or is it trying to open up new artistic perspectives adaptable to the contemporary world? More and more authors are trying to convey their literature to the digital world because today it's the only way they can reach the general public. This paper will attempt to analyze the trend of world internet literature as well as in N. Macedonia, with views on the need for literature to follow the trend of the digital world while keeping in mind the preservation of aesthetic and artistic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the use of ICT in the education system is of particular importance. In this way, traditional teaching is replaced with modern teaching, which means that besides the school board as a primary teaching tool, a number of other aids are used to make teaching easier and more creative and interesting. Of course, modern education is unthinkable without a computer and no internet. With the help of the Internet, new, current and operational knowledge can be effectively adopted, and it also contributes to modernizing and enhancing the quality of teaching. A quality teacher is one who skillfully manages the pace of student learning and teaching, one who is able to make teaching interesting, which actively involves students in the learning process, motivates them to respond to the expectations they set and develops interest in the subject he teaches. That teacher can rationally use ICT to make teaching more meaningful, contemporary, more creative and more interesting. That is why in our paper we decided to show how using online tools can make language learning more interesting and better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of their role in producing the semantic-pragmatic linkages that must be taken into account while reading a text, connectors are recognized as linguistic components that are crucial in developing textual meaning. These lexical units have several purposes and are hence of relevance to the fields of comparing linguistics, diachronic linguistics, lexicography, translation, and language acquisition. In actuality, the purpose of this study is to describe three connectors in the Albanian language and their French equivalents. We will be able to emphasize the cultural and linguistic reality of the speakers of both languages through an analysis of the contrast connectors, their meaning, their function in sentences, and their characteristics in both French and Albanian. It will also be shown how these connectors act linguistically through a comparative study of the translation of these words. Koha e dhive (The Time of the Goats) by Luan Starova and its French translation, Le temps des chèvres, as well as Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and its Albanian translation, Zonja Bovari, served as our two source texts and the foundation of our corpus for our search regarding the French equivalents of the Albanian contrast connectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question arises as to why in a study we should start treating the early development of the child and at the same time the development before his birth, in the same way that Bernhard Müßgens started the first lesson in the field of teaching-receiving. When it comes to the child’s language development, a phenomenon that is an important prerequisite for their success at school, for start we must find the reason that why does this problem appear and how can we cope with them. Given the very heterogeneous conditions at the beginning of learning and also starting from the point of view of the beginning of this integration procedure in our country, the necessary knowledge about language development is essential. We must bear in mind that in the first grade we are dealing with children of different developmental levels. By the beginning of the first grade, the range of what we can call normal development includes a period of time of 3 years. But there are also children whose development did not proceed normally and who in fact have been subjected to disorders that have affected in one form or another individual area of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a digital age where everyone is dependent on the internet and social networks. Being constantly in direct and daily contact with the written language through social networks and various websites, its influence on our spoken and written language is inevitable. From the many analyzes and researches that have been done regarding the impact of the Internet on many world languages, different linguistic phenomena have been highlighted. Some of the phenomena are general and have penetrated almost all languages of the world, while some are specific to specific languages. Of course, some typical phenomena from the Internet have been created in the Albanian language, starting from the general ones, such as: abbreviations FLM, KLM, vër8, t h z, fmljn (= family - writing without vowels) etc.; anglicisms whether abbreviations, words or whole sentences); then: not using Le] and LS, interweaving dialectal words within the same text or using dialectal features that distinguish Gege from Tosk and vice versa; the creation of Internet jargon and many other phenomena. All these phenomena will be treated in this statement, classifying them into groups, trying to find the reasons why these phenomena appeared and their evolution. In the end, we will give our assessment of whether these phenomena are harmful or beneficial for Albanian, where this "path" that we have started takes us and what measures we should take to avoid negative phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far we have had various studies on the Kanun of Lek Dukagjini, but not all assessments have been accurate regarding the Albanian tradition, law, or customary code. Some of them condemn it as an inaccurate and worthless testament, while some scholars with more advanced ideas treat it according to its value and nature, which is actually possessed by the Kanun of the Mountains. Of course, every thesis, and every revision of the Kanun remains an invaluable treasure and represents a kind of contribution to the clarification of the content of the Kanun of Lek Dukagjini. One of the scholars who is popularizing the Kanun beyond the borders and beyond is the Japanese scholar prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Yamamoto. His interest and effort to make such a study is to be respected, because at first, he had no idea who the Albanians were, much less what their tradition and culture were. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work, will point out how valuable is for Albanian literature, the work of Esad Mekuli, one of the most special poets of writings, who come from Kosovo and in meanwhile becomes representative of the Contemporary Albanian Literature period. This poet, from the difficult time that his verse was born, managed to introduce the Albanian, and his lyrical subject, within the literary work, and give the same not only the new socialistic conviction, but, also a hope of a national tomorrow. In this way, he, even in a bad state of mind, away from his grandparents lands, with an axe in hands, will sing for the free tomorrow, and for the young child that is hungry, but who again, smiles, and is happy for the verdict to be made from the later generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the occasion of the 135th anniversary of the First Albanian School in Korçë, I will give some information about the articles that were published on this important date for our nation, in the newspaper "Flaka e vellazrimit" and later only "Flaka" that was published in Skopje. We have extended our research in two time periods of the newspaper (1950 - 1990; 1991 - 2005). For the record, its first issue was published in April 1945. Unfortunately, this newspaper is no longer being published. Otherwise, this newspaper for the Albanians of Eastern region (now North Macedonia) has played an extremely large role for the emancipation and for the cultural development of the Albanians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avzi Mustafa is the type of professor who leaves his presence in the life of every student, whether with practical life advice or pedagogical advice for the profession. The professor is known as a sincere, cultured, cooperative and dedicated person. As a rare and incomparable intellectual, he embodies human virtue and ideal at the same time, contributing to the preparation of future generations, who will occupy key positions in schools. As a researcher he is the author of many valuable books from various scientific fields. He felt self-fulfilling whenever he offered professional help to students and colleagues. His life has been associated with teaching and studying. For his work he is appreciated by students, and by the scientific and academic world. His lectures and advice are always there, firmly ingrained in the mind until one day they turn into life experience, as he had planted it, along with pedantry and discipline in professional and scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research approach of dystopian novels focuses on analyzing the totalitarian systems, the incompetent government leaders, the ignorance camouflaged by the superficial knowledge, the misogyny, the role of the family from the female perspective as human being and social factor, and the delusion of the dehumanized society tempted by the utopian dreams of the future. Due to the highly philosophical analysis of a dystopian literary work or even a seemingly utopian social phenomenon, setting boundaries between dystopia as a universal term and dystopia as a literary genre is a challenge that cannot be entirely overcome. However, an approach to feminist dystopia contributes to the identification of the utopian-dystopian dichotomy, not only in terms of gender inequality, but also in political and social terms. Both utopian and dystopian novels have the same function which is showcasing a society where certain principles and ideologies represent power and freedom. This means that utopia or dystopia cannot be identified without referring to the reader's point of view and that the differences are associated with the role of individuals in society. Thus, what constitutes a utopia for one person may be another person's dystopia, as the rules within society are mainly the same, but still differ in the way stability is maintained, happiness is given, and suffering is removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]