Search

As an essential initial step towards clean and sustainable energy, this research focuses on innovative materials and structural designs for maximizing solar energy conversion and harvesting. Modern solar thermal and photovoltaic system technologies and supplies are examined to show how alternative electricity has become less expensive and more sustainable. The primary focus is on complex ideas like multiple junctions and tandem solar cells, which increase the efficiency of single-junction systems. The review paper investigates innovative solar power storage solutions, involving battery technology and energy storage materials, to meet the increasing need for secure and easily available sources of clean energy. The research paper explores the technology and uses of flat plate collectors, tube collectors, and solar power plants and how those are used in residential and commercial solar thermal systems. Solar energy conversion efficiency and sustainability will improve with innovations in materials and architecture. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is one of the easiest solar system architectures that can be integrated into any residential or commercial building. Quantum dot solar cells, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy frameworks, such as CIGS thin-film solar cells, and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Organic photovoltaics are portable and lightweight but have a low energy conversion rate, whereas quantum dot solar cells have a high energy conversion rate but face fabrication challenges.

This paper gives an essential contribution to the energy engineering topic, especially the energy harvesting field. Wireless power transmission (WPT) is one of the most widely used methods in this field recently to generate electricity in a clean way for the environment like the rectenna systems. The main component of the rectenna systems is the microstrip patch antenna (MPA). This is the main reason why this article proposes a novel conception of 1×4 circular polarized MPA array to operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz for radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) systems. The basic MPA element is a square antenna using a center slot and V-slits at the four corners combined with a defected ground structure (DGS) method. This proposed conception is developed in order to improve the antenna’s performance to integrate with a rectifier circuit for the Rectenna systems which are the most used systems in RFEH. The simulation results obtained by CST MWS software and HFSS solver show that this novel design in this paper gives good performances in terms of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, axial ratio, directivity, and gain at 2.45 [GHz]. This developed MPA is suitable for various RFEH applications.

The major issue that prevails all over the world is potable water. Only 1% of all Earth’s water exists as liquid, whereas less than 3% as freshwater, mostly glaciers, and 97% as salt water. Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water in order to obtain fresh water. Nowadays, scientists are exploring seawater desalination for potable water. Another key concern that exists in any country is clean energy. The energy crisis is due to overconsumption of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. Engineers try various sources of renewable energy. The cost of potable water and clean energy, say, the cost pertaining to capital, operation, maintenance, performance, and fuel, has increased year after year. The technologies for generating renewable energy, like solar and wind, do not have fuel costs. Modern desalination techniques incur a high initial investment and a higher maintenance cost. The life-cycle cost per litre of potable water generated by the solar stills is lower than that of conventional methods. The most cost-effective way to power desalination plants is with solar power. Seawater desalination with the use of solar power is employed in these regions as a viable alternative solution. Jordan is a country in western Asia. Water and energy sources are scarce in Jordan, with water availability in Jordan is estimated to be less than 100 m3 per year. Jordan imports 95% of its energy needs. Jordan plans to generate 14% of the country’s electricity by utilizing wind and solar energy. The use of solar stills in Jordan can reduce the dependency on oil and gas for power generation. The use of floating solar stills for seawater desalination represents a promising tool for Jordan. Solar stills work on the evaporation and condensation processes. They distil water by using the heat of the sun. Efficiency and productivity have been measured to quantify the performance of solar stills. Solar stills have the advantages of simplicity, low cost, ease of maintenance, and low environmental impact. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the types, materials, components, design, performance, cost, benefits, advantages, and limitations of solar stills. The paper also discussed the reduction of the effective cost of seawater desalination using floated solar energy in Jordan's Aqaba Port.

Renewable energy has typical intermittent characteristics, strong random fluctuation of output, and insufficient support capacity at peak load. Therefore, the power supply guarantee of high proportion of renewable energy power system is facing severe challenges. Renewable energy allocation and energy storage can solve the problem of random volatility of renewable energy to a certain extent. In this context, based on the operation mechanism of electrochemical energy storage, this paper establishes the Renewable energy + Energy storage operation optimization model considering the operation safety characteristics of electrochemical energy storage. In order to provide technical support for the planning and construction of related enterprises, the paper explores the effectiveness of large-scale renewable energy configuration of electrochemical energy storage, and analyzes the impact of different energy storage operation modes which is solved by CPLEX. The results indicate that renewable energy configuration energy storage can improve its confidence capacity and reduce the peak valley difference rate of net load, but the specific effect is closely related to the operation mode of energy storage.

Most of the application of solar PV in Indonesia uses inverter, which is a complex and expensive electronics system. Many of the PV plants are in fault condition due to the failure of the inverter. This paper proposed DC wirings powered by solar PV for houses in the urban area of Indonesia. First, the paper reviewed the availability of electrical appliances powered by DC voltage supply. Secondly, it presents AC and DC house wiring designs for a house with 1 300 VA electrical power limit. Losses of both wirings are analyzed and compared, including the cost of wirings materials. The survey showed appliances such as air conditioning, fridgefreezer, television, washing machine, and other appliances are now available in DC voltage supply. A 48 V DC bus is chosen to minimize losses. From a cost perspective, AC and DC wiring systems are comparable, but the DC house is slightly more expensive due to the cost of appliances. The cost of DC wirings is lower due to the lower cost of the DC-DC converters and uses fewer conductors. The results provide an alternative to using solar PV directly distributed as DC voltage for the houses in the urban area of the country.

Algeria heavily relies on fossil fuels, particularly oil and gas, leading to inadequate energy supply in rural areas. However, the country possesses vast agricultural land and abundant renewable energy resources like solar and wind. Due to the insufficient national electricity grid, rural farmers must resort to expensive and environmentally unfriendly diesel generators to meet their energy needs. To address this issue, decentralised energy systems are proposed as a solution to enhance energy resilience on Algerian farms. These systems can power irrigation pumps, lighting, and other electrical appliances on the farm. Furthermore, surplus energy generated by the PV systems can be sold back to the grid or used to offer paid energy services, creating a new revenue stream for farmers. This study evaluates the potential opportunities for implementing Decentralized and Distributed Renewable Energy Systems (DRES) on farms in Algeria. It will review current policies and regulations for microgrids in the country and present various scenarios for bottom-up energy transformation. This paper will identify the challenges and barriers Algerian farms face in energy, water, and agriculture practices. The findings will demonstrate how DRES can improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, increase the share of renewable energy, and enhance electricity supply reliability in Algeria. The study will provide practical guidance to policymakers and identify opportunities for integrating DRES on farms while suggesting future research directions in sustainable energy.

The integration of renewable energy sources with microgrids using IoT and energy management technologies has become a promising solution for achieving sustainable and efficient energy systems. In this paper, propose a methodology for integrating renewable energy sources with microgrids using IoT and energy management technologies, and apply an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm for energy demand prediction. The proposed methodology aims to optimize the energy consumption of the micro grid by utilizing renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Validate the proposed methodology using a real-world dataset, and compare the performance with traditional forecasting methods. The results show that the proposed methodology outperforms traditional methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The proposed methodology can be utilized in various micro grid applications for load forecasting and energy consumption optimization.

The use of renewable energy is an important issue that is being promoted internationally. Considering the supply of fossil energy is increasingly depleting and requires a very long time to be renewed. One of the uses of renewable energy that is being promoted is the use of biodiesel as a substitute for diesel fuel. This utilization is carried out by mixing biodiesel with diesel fuel. The quantity of biodiesel blended with diesel fuel is following the rules in each country. That is why the biodiesel supply chain must be described to obtain minimum economic costs and environmental costs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current biodiesel supply chain models. A study of the biodiesel supply chain’s current state concludes by highlighting the unaddressed area or the gaps existing in the existing literature by suggesting future research in the biodiesel supply chain, specifically in the area case study in Indonesia.

The great need to use electricity at present and to ensure its continuity in future requires finding renewable and sustainable sources; the best of those sources are renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, and tides. All research focuses on studying those sources for each region to give the complete database that can rely upon in future to build projects generating electric power according to accurate scientific studies, specifically in areas far from the main electricity grid, such as remote islands, including Socotra Island, which, like other Yemeni cities, suffers from a severe crisis to access electricity. Energy storage is a natural thing when using renewable energy due to seasonal change, daily and hourly in these sources; one of the best ways of storing is the production and storage of hydrogen for use at peak periods or any other benefits. Economic information is still incomplete about the production of electricity by hydrogen, especially in the Middle East region, which considers that the primary source of electricity is only fossil fuels. This paper gives a study of the level of tides on Socotra island, and a technical study of the possibility of producing electricity using this renewable source according to its efficiency, and an economic assessment of electricity generation by (Tidal-Hydrogen) for this island.

Voltage drop and energy loss issues in remote areas will degrade the reliability of power system when loads are subsequently increased. This paper aims to design a PV-Battery microgrid system to enhance the performance of the 22 kV radial distribution system of the Sichang island, which is situated remotely in the Gulf of Thailand. The locations and capacities of the PV-Battery microgrid systems were determined based on voltage regulation and limited feeder rating following the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) standard and projected energy loss reduction for increasing load demand within the next twenty years. The DigSILENT Power Factory were used for the simulation. From survey and simulation results, these locations are technically suitable for installation. A capacitor bank system should be installed at the end of power-line branch with the suitable sizing of 1.5 MVar. A microgrid PVBattery system should be installed with a PV-array of 1.5 MWp at the cape area and batteries of 1.08 MWh at the PEA operator center, and batteries of 1.44 MWh and 5.28 MWh at the starting point of the island’s distribution line.

Solid waste biomass contains a significant amount of carbohydrates and other combustible chemical compounds that have potential as an alternative energy source. In this paper, the synthesis of biomass energy potential assessment from solid waste and the development of a model equation was presented, in order to utilize as assessment tools for the Philippine local government units, most especially the established sanitary landfills and waste-to-energy technologies and facilities that are soon-to-be installed. Data for the said model equation was obtained from various Philippine government agencies, such as the Department of Energy, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and others. In order to accumulate those in the model, numerous concepts are applied, such as parameterization and others. Furthermore, a time-series study is subjected to analysis, in order to forecast of the biomass energy. Moreover, the biomass energy potential from the rest of the Philippine archipelago may be further evaluated with the use of the proposed model equation.

Potential wave energy in Indonesia between 5 kW m–1 to 20 kW m–1 depending on-site location coastline. This research in ocean energy of Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) is wave activated body using the floating or motion hull due to kinetic and momentum energy from an ocean wave. The pendulum movement cause by a floating hull to drive the electric generator. The shape of the hull, displacement, and position point of the mooring line greatly influences the movement of the hull. This paper discusses how to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation can solve and determine the best mooring line position in the hull. Moreover, the shape of the hull at under waterline or drought has slope angle 45°, length overall 3 m, breadth 1.5 m, depth 2 m, and draft 0.65 m. One of the boundary conditions in the domain CFD, the direction of a wave from inlet boundary to starboard or port side using regular wave. The position both of mooring bitts are at forwarding perpendicular and after perpendicular. Three-position of mooring bitts that have simulated CFD: under the waterline, (ii) at the waterline, and (iii) up waterline. The result of simulation that the best position of mooring bitts is at the waterline.

Domestic energy use can be directly influenced by personal choices. These choices include the selection of equipment (efficiency), mode of equipment use, consumer behaviour but also by self-production of electricity, space heating and/or cooling. Intelligent meters showing the actual use of electricity give insight in domestic energy use and is crucial in decreasing domestic energy use. However, households need better access to knowledge and experiences of experts to understand the potential choices to decrease their use of energy. Housing and equipment ‘labelling’ can give some support with these choices, but need to be more uniform and clear. Households controlling their own usage of energy and home production of electricity can make substantial savings on their energy bills. The paper describes experiences in practical situations using long term scientific and professional experiences.

Wind energy is one of the primary energy sources that can be used to produce electricity. Indonesia has the potential to harness wind energy to produce electricity due to located on the equator, especially in coastal areas. An alternative to the availability of electricity in remote coastal areas is to use small-scale wind power plants. One component that plays an important role in wind power generation systems is the generator. A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In small scale wind power plants, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are commonly used as energy conversion machines. In this paper, a PMSG has been designed for small-scale and low-speed wind power generation as an energy conversion machine. PMSG which has been designed has the following specifications: 500 W, three phases, 18 slots, 12 poles, with a rotation speed of 500 rpm. The simulation test results obtained the following data, the output phase-phase maximum voltage of the generator is 38.84 V, and phase maximum voltage is 22.5 V.

Non-renewable fossils are the main source of energy in modern conditions. This method of production and consumption of energy acts as one of the main anthropogenic factors that negatively impact the environment. Besides, limited energy reserves do not guarantee the sustainable development of world energy in the long term. The way out of this situation is using renewable energy sources (RES). Renewable energy sources are one of the promising and innovative areas of energy development. These energy sources allow moving to a new high-quality level of power supply and heat supply of the country and significantly improving the ecological state of settlements. The Russian Federation has all conditions for the implementation of such innovative projects aimed at using renewable energy sources. One of such promising projects is solar energy. The perspective of using solar energy is an almost inexhaustible resource, available everywhere, and also has another advantage high environmental safety. Besides, solar energy is characterized by low indicators in terms of capital and operating costs, a lower cost of electricity compared to traditional energy as well. In this study, the perspectives for the development of solar energy in the Russian Federation are identified. The existing solar capacities in Russia are analyzed, the main developments of solar energy in the country are determined. A model for assessing the economic efficiency of floating power plants is proposed in this paper. These plants make it possible to provide electricity to entire settlements. Having been the study, conclusions are drawn about the prospects of using such power plants as sources of cheap energy and environmental compatibility.

Producing electricity at an affordable price while taking into account environmental concerns has become a major challenge in Morocco. Moreover, the technical and financial issues related to renewable electricity plants are still hindering their efficient integration in the country. In fact, the energy sector (both electricity and heat) accounted for more than half of all Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions in the kingdom due to the major reliance on fossil fuels for answering the growing local demand. The key strategies to alleviate this critical situation include the integration of more renewable energies in the total energy mix and the enhancement of energy efficiency measures in different sectors. This paper strives to (1) evaluate the potential of carbon dioxide mitigation in Moroccan electricity sector following the actual and projected strategies and (2) highlight the policy schemes to be taken in order to achieve the ambitious carbon dioxide mitigation targets in the mid-term. A system dynamics model was built in order to simulate different scenarios of carbon dioxide mitigation policies up to 2030. The results shows that the achievement of renewable energies projects by 2030 could save 228.143 MtCO2 between 2020 and 2030 and an additional 18.127 MtCO2 could be avoided in the same period by enhancing energy efficiency measures.

Economic disparity is still a major problem threatening Indonesia’s future prosperity. Spatial inequality between rural and urban areas remain to exist and is driven by unequal access to and unaffordable cost of the traditional electricity infrastructures. The national electrification ratio reached 91.16 % in 2016. This paper evaluates the feasibility of reforming existing regulations for Indonesia's electricity sector in its light to reduce economic disparities between-regions and intra- regions in Indonesia. A systematic review of the literature on the publications and research reports is used to provide inputs for revising the regulations of the electricity sector to address more focused mission-oriented objectives. Empirical models are discussed and established to predict the cost-saving from the reduction of CO2 emission by applying the technological solutions for renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study finds a cost-saving of Rp. 135 trillion per 40.000 hours-use for the whole electricity consumers in Indonesia that can be converted into financial instruments to support the development of electricity infrastructure in the disadvantaged regions. In the end, the study concludes that there is a clear financial benefit, in the form of opportunity cost, for reforming narration of the electricity policy and further transforming the institutional arrangement.