Search

Neste último número de 2015, registramos alguns acontecimentos importantes que marcaram nossa trajetória e nossos esforços na consolidação do campo da Alimentação e Nutrição no Brasil como espaço caracteristicamente interdisciplinar. Alcançamos todas as metas editoriais que nos colocamos: a periodicidade está em dia; publicamos quatro números no ano; há 20 artigos no último número. Em termos numéricos, chegamos ao patamar exigido para indexação em bases de dados internacionais consideradas pelas principais agências de fomento brasileiras como referência para cálculo de indicadores de circulação no campo da ciência. E 2016 será o ano em que daremos início aos movimentos para solicitar a inserção de nosso periódico nesses espaços. Esse movimento está sendo possível, em especial, por conta da crescente presença de pesquisadores em programas de pós-graduação, juntamente com seus orientandos, como autores de artigos em nossa revista. Hoje, Demetra é a segunda revista brasileira no campo alimentar-nutricional mais utilizada para publicação de artigos por pesquisadores dos programas de pós-graduação inseridos na área de avaliação “Nutrição” da CAPES. Os pesquisadores do campo alimentar-nutricional estão apostando na revista, investindo em sua consolidação, vendo nela um caminho a ser trilhado. É um importante reconhecimento do nosso trabalho! DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2015.20084

Introduction: The present work brings together contributions from the psychoanalytic theory to discuss the use of the “body image” category in works in the field of Food and Nutrition. Objective: to map the use of the concept of “body image” in scientific papers in the field of Nutrition and to compare its use in different approaches in Human and Social Sciences. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in in all editions of Revista de Nutrição until September 2019, using the term “body image” as an indexer on the magazine's database. Results: Eight papers containing the expression “body image” in the title or keywords were analyzed and it was possible to observe that the concept receives a reductionist approach, mainly related to the application of tests and evaluation scales, leading to simplifying understanding of the subject-body relationship. Discussion: To clarify the concept, the main references in psychoanalysis on the topic of body image and the psychoanalytic debate related to the concepts of body and subject are used. The Freudian concept of narcissism is used to demonstrate the complexity of the construction of the image of oneself in the psychoanalytic perspective, pointing out how this category is often employed based on its use by common sense, which requires a better conceptualization of it in the field of Food and Nutrition. Conclusion: This work demonstrates how the use of psychoanalytic theory can contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationships that involve subject, body and food, so that this dialogue is reflected in studies that produce not only quantitative evidence, but also enable the construction of new approaches to eating disorders and obesity.

This paper aims to address the two main spheres of valuation of meat consumption in Brazil: on one hand, the socio-historical aspects and, on the other, the nutritional aspects. To this end, the authors understand the symbolic food bias and consider the relevance of historical experience in the consolidation of eating habits. This paper begins in the context of colonial Brazil, with the inclusion of discursive values related to the consumption of meat. It presents characteristics of meat consumption in Brazil, intensified with the urbanization process from the 19th century. The nutritional speech is noteworthy, developed from the 1930s in Brazil, which ensured the idea of meat as food par excellence, dividing Brazil between those who have access to that food and those who do not. It highlights the importance of meat in the Brazilian food culture, represented especially in steakhouses. It also considers the demonstrations against the consumption of meat permeated by different ideological, ethical, aesthetic and ecological spheres. It intends, therefore, to crisscross lines of these different approaches, emphasizing the different symbolisms that cover the increased meat consumption in Brazil.

We begin this editorial by wishing everyone a good reading and by thanking readers and authors for their support onthe advancement and dissemination of our publishing. The increasingly upcoming volume of original papers remains consistent.Thus, we were able to publish 15 high-standard original articles in this issue, along with five abstracts of theses and dissertations defended in the Graduate Programs in Food, Nutrition and Health from the Nutrition Institute of UERJ (State University of Rio de Janeiro). These papers addressed objects that identify the field of Food and Nutrition in Brazil, namely: food, nutriment and / or nutrient. The original articles scaffold issues arising from several areas of knowledge that make up the scientific field of Food and Nutrition. For instance, one of the studies refers to the social identity of obese individuals;another study regards Policies on Food and Nutrition; two epidemiological studies address Nutrition; two studies on food production, another study onfood chemical composition and microbiological quality; and, for last, eight studies that concern Clinical Nutrition. Maintaining the growth trajectory of Demetra is key to our editorial policy. In a previous opportunity, we successfully invested in the dissemination of research articulating knowledge and practices on Food and Humanities. By following this thread, we would like to announce our next investment: the creation of a special issue that will focus on the discussion on food knowledge and practice that have as core theme dialoguesinFood Anthropology. In this new thematic issue, to be published in 2015, we aim to create opportunities for the dissemination of research and reflections that address studies on the significant social and cultural arrangements of various human groupings, depicted from the analysis of their eating habits. We are extremely excited and encouraged with great expectationsto announceand acknowledge our partnership with researchers Martín César Tempass, from theUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, and Mônica Chaves Abdala, from theUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia, in coordinating this promising thematic issue. We hope that this new thematic issue will contribute to a greater dialogue between the Human and Social Sciences and the Health Sciences in Food and Nutrition research. Thus, we invite nutritionists, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, psychologists, and other professionals, to discuss such matter that requires multidisciplinary perspectives. We hope, once again, that researchers will reliably submit their work for publication and continue to collaborate andstrengthen our publishing, which is committed to providingfree and public access opportunity toscientific knowledge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2014.14064

Food labelling is important to communication between food producers and consumers. For consumers to have greater autonomy in terms of their food choices, it is important to facilitate a correct interpretation about what is on a food label. This paper assessed consumers’ knowledge and use of nutritional information on food labels. Cross-sectional exploratory quantitative, "blind" research carried out in 2018 in a public university in Brazil, with 415 consumers aged 18 years or older. A structured questionnaire with a score ranging from 0 to 24 was applied. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test were employed. Participants were individuals aged 21.02 ± 2.89 years, of which 58.31% were female. Many consumers reported they read food labels frequently (56.39%). The mean score was 14.99 ± 4.12. The knowledge score mean was affected by age (p = 0.039) and income (p = 0.020). Participants who used nutritional claims as a criterion for purchase (p = 0.004) had higher scores. The biggest issues in interpreting nutritional labels were related to mandatory nutrient claims and the terms "trans-fat free (0%)", "functional food", “diet” and “light”. Food label regulation is a process currently under review in Brazil, so research on the use and knowledge of nutritional information on food labels by young adult consumers becomes important. It will contribute to the discussion of the revision of legislation, as well as helping professionals guide consumers in the interpretation of labels.

Underutilized food plants (UFP) offer the opportunity to overcome issues that are currently facing sustainable food systems. The scarcity of data on them and the gaps found in the nutrition workforce are challenges that limit their approach. To addresses some of them, a community-based garden project was developed in an undergraduate program in nutrition at a federal university in northeastern Brazil. This paper aims to present the results obtained with this project in its first twelve months concerning the use of Garden-Based Learning (GBL). During 2018 eight plants were studied with the support of this method. The data gathered on UFP by students included: botanical family, vernacular names, origin, the biome of occurrence, food uses, and nutritional indicators. The use of GBL involved some strategies such as definition of theme, elaboration of a culmination product, and fostering the research of different kinds of knowledge. The GBL method mediated the educational process implied with concepts, practices, and attitudes. The plants studied have the potential to contribute with Food and Nutrition Security due some criteria such as adequacy to the biome of the study setting and variety of nutrients. Recognize native and adapted food plants resilient to the dry landscape is central to enhance environmental and human health. The resulting data served as a basis to promote sustainable diets with the surrounding community, from lectures to hands-on activities in the garden and kitchen.

The aim of this paper is to analyze an educational workshop used as a food and nutrition education strategy to encourage adequate and healthy eating in the first year of life, with emphasis on complementary feeding. An educational workshop was conducted by two teams: one linked to an extension project known as IACOL; and another linked to the Center for Studies on Maternal and Women's Health and Feeding (NESAM). Conversation rounds - whose strategy is the construction of dialogic practice - were used. The following steps were followed: (a) Presentation of the teams; (b) Welcome; (c) Health/illness process; (d) Breastfeeding; (e) Introduction of complementary feeding; (f) Complementary feeding (in box); (g) Quiz; (h) Discussion of the topic and question & answer session; and (i) Evaluation of the educational workshop. The activity was attended by 64 participants: health workers and undergraduates from various fields of health. Regarding the knowledge acquired by the learners in the educational workshop, in the Quiz, which contained ten statements based on the “Ten Steps to Healthy Eating: Food Guide for Children Under Two Years Old,” four statements had 100.0% of correct answers, and four others had percentages ranging from 45.1% to 62.5%. It should be noted that the statement relative to step 10 was the one that had the highest percentage of wrong answers (73.4%) by the learners, and another statement was annulled. The learners’ evaluation was satisfactory in the global subjective assessment, based on interest, participation and frequency, for all stages. In conclusion, the educational activity provided the learners with knowledge about food in the first year of life; however, for some steps, the educational workshop will be redesigned. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43384

This paper discusses the National School Lunch Program (PNAE) in the municipality of Alegre, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in order to characterize the process of buying food from family farmers to serve this market, focusing on the evolution of this process from 2013 to 2015. The sources of the data used were as follows: Calls for Submissions and the respective reports, available on the website of The City Council of Alegre; sales projects of rural associations provided by the Rural Workers’ Union; and FNDE (National Fund for Education Development) documents available on their website. It was found that the compulsory minimum purchase percentage was not met in 2013 (it was 15.52%), but it amounted to 116.68% of FNDE’s fund transfer in 2014. The number of farmers of Alegre participating of PNAE grew 2.8 times, from 2013 to 2015, reaching 39 farmers. There was a 54% increase in food diversity, from 22 in 2013 to 34 different foods purchased in 2015. It was concluded that the PNAE of Alegre, even in view of the challenges presented, is fulfilling its role to linking family agriculture with school lunch, helping to promote sustainable rural development while bringing food and nutrition security to children and adolescents who study in public schools. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2017.26701

Introduction: This paper is part of food and gender research, in which the body is considered as a social construct. Concerns on the body, body image and food has become a problem, especially for urban women. However, there is little information on what happens with men and women living in rural areas of the country. Objectives: Investigate how women and men in rural areas perceive their bodies, how they would like to look and what they actually know about food. Methodology: In a rural community located in the State of Mexico, 19 men and 30 women were surveyed, measured and weighed.They selected from 9 figures, according to their self-perception and their desired figure. Results: Some sex differences in body perception were found: men perceived themselves thinner than they are in fact, and some women perceived themselves as overweight. Both groups would like to be thinner. More alterations were observed in male self-perceptions. No gender differences were found in relation to traditional knowledge on food, body and health. Conclusion: Aiming at implementing measures for preventing and treating high-risk eating pratices, which are usually associated with body image issues, it is necessary to increase the number of studies on altered body perception of men and women living in rural areas. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2017.22559

In this paper we analyze the life history of a woman, as told in first person by herself and in third person by her partner, focusing on her worries about body image and how they affect various important aspects of her everyday life through the life cycle. Our materials are the respective biographic interviews to a 33-year-old woman and her partner, a 40-year-old man, where they storied her life paying special attention to body image and dissatisfaction issues. The analysis is structured into six emerging themes along both stories: “The gaze of the other and body exposure”, “Pregnancy”, “Modifying the body”, “Socio-cultural pressure”, “Masculine desire”, and “The silence dilemma”. We pay special attention to changes in positioning, feelings and habits with respect to the body along the life cycle, with key moments in teenage, and before, during and after a pregnancy. The analysis of biographies of non-diagnosed persons may help us understand various ways of positioning in the socio-cultural context of Western culture with respect to the body. At the same time, it may facilitate the development of actions to construct a critical view on context, contributing to women’s free elaboration of their identity and body experience. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.22473

Transsexualism has been increasingly discussed in the media and other means. However, one cannot treat such a broad topic without questioning one of the pillars of society: the difference between sexes. This discussion is necessary, since transsexual individuals contradict the roles of predetermined genders according to biological sex. In this paper, we have made an analysis of a case study of a transsexual woman. A transsexual woman is a person who has been designated as male at birth, but considers herself to be a woman. Throughout the interview, which consisted of 18 questions about the experience of transsexualism, various aspects of the interviewee’s discourse were revealed. They pointed to the difficulty on finding her place in society, because individuals only become intelligible in society when they identify themselves with either the male or female gender. In addition, it is assumed that there are only two possible genders, and that they should follow predefined standards. These standards are assumed to have been built from historically established relations of domination. Based on these concepts, transsexual people become marginalized and pathologized by scientific discourse, which creates many difficulties for them to be recognized. Based on the case study, we could also discuss the representations of femininity. After the interview, a content analysis was performed and the results pointed to a quest by the interviewee to find her place in the middle of a gendered and heteronormative society. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.22426

The aim of this paper is to discuss issues related to body image among undergraduate students in Physical Education and Nutrition programs at a public university in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This study has a socio-anthropological nature in the field of Public Health. The methodological strategy was to articulate participant observation and informal and formal interviews with these students. We found that the students feel pressured to be role models of good eating habits and body practices; in other words, to have behaviors considered as healthy. In addition, they must have a body image that meets the current esthetic standards. This is a discourse that prevails among them, both inside and outside the academic environment. Values relative to youth, sex and body esthetics are mobilized in such environment and associated with social life, distinctive positions in a strongly hierarchical society, and reactions to social norms and rules, among other features in the consumer society, where body image worship tends to be hegemonic. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.21995

Santa Olímpia is a Trentino-Tyrolean immigrant neighborhoodin the city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thisarticle is a reflection based on a research work ordered by theneighborhood’s association, with a survey and documentation ofthe local cuisine. The research was conducted in years 2012, 2013,and 2014, aiming to record the Tyrolean recipes of Santa Olímpiain book form. The research process involved two stages. The firstcomprised the making of recipes with the female neighborhoodresidents, aged 40-60 years old. In the second moment, the authorattended meetings of groups of women with more than 60 yearsto talk about the recipes. So this paper aims to show how theprocess of producing a cookbook aroused the narrative of theneighborhood’s social history. More specifically, to reflect howemotions, meanings, social relations and the collective identityof a neighborhood can manifest from narratives that emerged inrounds of conversation about the making of Trentino Tyroleanfood in Santa Olímpia. The neighborhood’s recipes tell stories. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2015.15996

This paper aims to reflect on the relevance of the ethnographicmethod to apprehend social policies in the field of Food andNutrition. It is based on data from a survey conducted in acommunity kitchen from a Waste Sorting and Composting Unit(UTC – Unidade de Triagem e Compostagem de Resíduos) – popularlyknown as “dump” – in a neighborhood on the outskirts of PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil. It is argued that the merit of this research isin its traditional method, ethnography, which involves a set ofconcepts and procedures that will lead us to the point of viewof the groups surveyed through an intensive in situ work. Firstlywe seek to bring some definitions and characterizations of socialpolicies that address Food and Nutrition Security (FNS; SAN– Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional) as well as the ethnographiccontext; then, based on some ethnographic notes, we will attemptto elucidate, although initially, possible appropriations thatactors do on the community kitchen and on other programsthere. Without intending to exhaust the debate, at the end thediscussion is in favor of the relevance of the method for a deepunderstanding of the directions given to social programs and tothe questioning of the different logics that inhabit the contextstudied, allowing to critically rethink the government’s actionsconcerning FNS. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2015.15933

Celiac disease is characterized by partial or total intestinal villous atrophy, caused by gluten ingestion in wheat, rye, barley, malt and oats. In the general population, the prevalence average is about 1%. The recommended nutritional therapy is the complete removal of gluten from the diet, since this causes the symptoms regress and nutritional status is restored. This paper seeks to contextualize the food and nutrition insecurity that afflicts individuals with celiac disease, specifically with regard to the principle of the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF). This, in turn, establishes as a fundamental human right to food availability in quantity and quality and also values welfare, promoting the health of the entire population. However, the limited availability of products intended for celiac individuals in the market, the high cost and the gluten contamination, contribute to a constant situation of food and nutritional insecurity to holders of this special dietary need. Diet is the single most secure treatment form for this disease, enabling its control. It can be said, therefore, that the public needs actions, or even public policies to materialize this right, thus ensuring access to adequate food to this population.

Nutritional transition is one of the major challenges for public health policies because it demands a health care model guided by integrality and health promotion, especially in Primary Health Care. Food and nutrition are the basic requirements for health promotion and they enable the achievement of the potential of human development. This paper discusses/examines/brings reflection on the fields of food and nutrition in the context of Primary Care and Health Promotion through a descriptive and reflective methodology, reinforcing the need for a dialogue between these areas, through the interlocution between its challenges and potentials, in order to attain the principles of the National Health System. The analysis made it possible to realize the importance of the Family Health Strategy and Family Health Strategy Support for the revitalization of Primary Care, and how this place is privileged for conducting food and nutrition and health promotion activities. This relationship has potential, but also important challenges such as the need for an interdisciplinary team, which goes beyond the present conformation of family health teams, in sufficient numbers to meet the demand of skills and the development of food and nutrition actions, aiming to the principles of universality, integrality and fairness and the resolutivity of health services.

The lack of nutrition facts regarding to foods sold for restaurants can jeopardize people’s choices. This paper aims to describe the nutrition facts availability in restaurants in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, according to the kind of establishment and socioeconomic level of the administrative district. Descriptive study, with data collection was undertaken in all full service and fast food restaurants in 13 districts of the city of Sao Paulo, which were chosen according to the Municipal Human Development Index and food environment variables. In each district, 4 census tracts were chosen, yielding 52 census tracts. In total, 472 restaurants were found and assessed. Most of them (45.5%) were classified as bars, delis, and convenience stores. One tertile (30.3%) were local and large chain fast food restaurants and 24.2% were full service restaurants. Nutrition facts were found in 5 restaurants (1.1%), all part of large chain fast food companies and situated in districts with higher socioeconomic level. Nutrition facts in restaurants were found to be very scarce, bringing about the need for policies to regulate the availability of nutrition facts for the population.