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Neoliberal policies have impacted transportation and mobility. This paper analyzes the trends and structures resulting from the mobility of the Renca commune, a pericentric territory of Greater Santiago in the period between 2001 and 2021, through the analysis of the Origin Destination Surveys and an Origin Destination Survey of own interception applied during the covid-19 pandemic. The aforementioned was developed to obtain the mobility tendencies that these individuals present with the other communes of Greater Santiago. The results express a motorization below the levels of other communes of Greater Santiago; the existence of a 'dependency' of some routes of the public transport system that use the urban highway network. Mobilities are mainly developed due to access to services and education, where these dynamics and destination spaces have not changed substantially despite the covid-19 context in which the interception survey was applied. There is a contrast between the available concession infrastructure, the low access to automobiles, the spatial friction of the infrastructure, and the persistence of mobility patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an interpretation of the intersection of extractivism and frontiers. It explores the effects of the progressive settling of luxury wine tourism and protected areas over small livestock producers associated to grazing systems. We choose a locality at the foothills of the Andes cordillera (Uco Valley), focusing on the site called Manzano Histórico (Historical Apple Tree). The combined use of different research tools (secondary data and documents analysis, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and the production of cartography) permits to observe that these territories --the living space for cattle producers-- have been progressively incorporated to capital and conservation, especially since the xxi century. At present, they express multiple and diverse compression situations on direct producers, that lead in turn to a remodeling of cattle-raising activities keeping pace with high-end tourism. This paper shows that high-end tourism and nature conservation are not opposed but rather mutually reinforcing activities. Also, that direct producers are not victims in lack of agency, since they reshape their productive profiles to take part in the tourism market highlighting their particular traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a state of the discussion on the social studies of memory in relation to different types of socio-natural disasters. The objective of the research was to examine the scientific production in the conceptual triad memory-disaster-identity to facilitate the understanding of the field of study and encourage research interest. To this end, it reviewed academic production between 2000 and 2020 at the national, Latin American, and global levels. Eighty-three texts were compiled and analyzed, showing concern for assessing the incidence of the disaster in the configuration of the processes of remembering and forgetting of the affected individuals, of society and of the disruptive event itself. The results show that, although significant progress has been made in the twenty years analyzed, the disciplinary field is still fragile in countries with a high propensity for disaster risk. Thus, the main conclusion that can be drawn is related to the insufficiency of studies that recover the memories of socio-natural disasters, that collect the voices of their victims, and that vindicate them as a form of material and symbolic reparation, after the disruptive event that transforms the existence of those affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three case studies are analyzed in Uruguay at the basin level, to identify the factors that favor the flood phenomenon. Transformations in land use and eventually climate change are considered. Over a 30-year period, land use modifications were evaluated using a Geographic Information System, and the variability of rainfall and river levels was analyzed. The three basins show completely different behavior from their land use change, and show increasing trends in rainfall over the period analyzed. It is evident that land use change is one of the most influential factors in the increase of flooding in urban areas. These transformations are mostly related to the exploitation of soil for the generation of commodities for export and generate modifications in the agrarian territories in Uruguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosive processes cause severe impacts on the environment, causing economic, social, and biodiversity losses. This paper aims to analyze the fragility of the environment to erosive processes in the Onça river basin, in Coxim-ms. The methodology was based on soil mapping, slope, priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and rainfall intensity to evaluate the potential fragility and land use and land cover, that by means of a boolean weighted overlap with the potential fragility resulted in the mapping of the environmental fragility. To validate the environmental fragility model, the erosive features were identified from a high-resolution image and a making, focusing on the areas named "soils with extreme exposure" from a classification, which had as its only aim to identify areas with the lowest degree of protection/ground cover. The results pointed to the predominance of medium (59.61 %) and high (23.66 %) environmental fragility, associated with high concentrations of erosive processes in "soil with extreme exposure" area, which are areas of low vegetation cover, classified by use. and land cover with the pasture classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the content of discussions held over three seminars on the theme of the heterogeneous subfield of Social Cartography in Brazil and in Latin America. It produces a reflection that represents the issues raised by those who design, develop and participate in these cartographic experiences. It cited relevant literature, but most of the contributions presented emerged from discussions that took place during these events. The research aims to contribute to the expansion of cartographic discussion in Brazil and in Latin America, which includes different perspectives and ideas about conceptual, epistemological and methodological dimensions of mapping experiences that increasingly integrate situations of cartographic disputes that are being overlapping territorial disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape has become a higher category of territorial analysis because it embodies not only human and natural variables but also the perceived environment. In this context, studies focused on the visual aspects of landscapes as it is a useful approach for land-use planning. This paper quantifies access and visibility restrictions in nine canyons of Cuernavaca city (Mexico) through Geographical Information Systems (gis). The results show that the average accessibility in them is 9.50 %, and that 49.98 % of the surface in the adjacent properties is used for houses that have appropriated these historical landscapes. In the most iconic canyon, public visibility was found to be reduced to 9.95 % of the open space, thatcan only be seen from nine vehicular use points. The city has been characterized by a lack of urban vision for this space, with the result of its environmental degradation, loss of a cultural landscape, and failure of sanitation efforts. Due to the abovementioned, visibility criteria can guide a new urban agenda for Cuernavaca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Large Technological System (LTS) is a central concept in the epistemologies of Action-Network Theories (ant), related with poststructuralist epistemologies, and an important tool for the analysis of territorial systems. In this paper, we will use the lts concept to examine the hydrologic system of the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá, making emphasis on three aspects: the natural structure, the technological complex, and the normative framework. The goal was to explore the metropolitan geopolitics of water use in La Sabana de Bogotá and the particularities in the water governance, highlighting the incidence of municipalism and the interaction of a wide group of private, governmental, and civic actors. It was examined the physical infrastructure provided by the Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá (eab-esp) that works as a quasi-monopoly actor in water management as well as their interaction with the highly autonomous municipalities. Other actors such as the real estate, floriculture, mining, and dairy activities was included in the analysis. The report gives special attention to the highly complex relationships between them and how they work in a complex and multiscale normative framework. The text concludes emphasizing the different challenges of water governance in a context of rapid metropolisation, complexing economic relations and climate and environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America shows an accelerated urbanization process and a development model that generate and intensify social and environmental problems. Added to these problems are the risks triggered by climate change that affect today's cities. In Argentina, its effects are manifested differentially over the regions, impacting cities and human settlements. In this scenario, this paper proposes to explore the environmental risk faced by Argentinean cities in a context of climate change from two dimensions: threat and resilience. For this, two synthetic indices were built using the Mean Index Coefficient methodology for each dimension and subsequently the results were articulated by defining risk categories. Results were spatially represented using a Geographic Information System. Gran Posadas, Corrientes, and Salta reach the most unfavorable situations following by Gran La Plata, Gran Mendoza, Gran San Juan, Gran Tucumán-Tafí Viejo, and the Buenos Aires counties. The importance of focusing on adaptation measures under the concept of urban resilience is highlighted. New questions arise from this work and invite further research whose results will allow progress towards sustainability and urban resilience by including them in local policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green infrastructure is being recognized as one of the main strategies for climate emergency mitigation and adaptation in urban contexts. However, there are still very few initiatives in Latin America. This paper explores the Chilean case, in particular the "Stgo+ Green Infrastructure" project, to understand how the climate emergency has been included in green infrastructure planning and the level of priority it has among various types of stakeholders. The research was conducted through a review of planning documents and a participatory methodology, involving institutional, academic, and civil society stakeholders. Chilean urban regulations and territorial planning instruments do not offer much opportunity for the development of green infrastructure systems to face the climate emergency, but there are several indicative instruments that contribute in that sense. On the other hand, there is growing recognition by stakeholders of the importance of green infrastructure, but the climate emergency is an aspect that is still given low priority. The low priority that actors attribute to the climate emergency represents a significant barrier for the incorporation of these issues in public plans and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the translations and variations of the smart city model in Latin American cities. The smart city has emerged as a new urban model based on the use of technologies to respond to the varied and complex challenges facing contemporary cities, ranging from security to climate change. Based on the policy mobility approach, the network of actors committed to the diffusion of this urban model is identified and the inclusion of the smart city's narratives and projects in the debates and agendas of the planning and governance of the Latin American cities. The results reveal the prescriptive character of the model, its standardization, and the conformation of an "elite epistemic community" that has been decisive in the narrative and material production of the smart city in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the relationship between tourism, geography, and images, seeking to recognize how images mediate place tourist experience. To do this, the paper analyzes the official tourism promotion of Salta (Argentina) considering the main ideas about the destination created by local government. This is done by examining graphic material (booklets, books, magazines, brochures, posters, maps, etc.) edited and distributed by provincial government since 2007 to 2019. The analysis of graphic devices produced by provincial government shows that there are two main ideas about Salta as a tourist place. One of them portraits Salta as an unvisited place that is ideal for initial exploration. The other idea depicts it as a place where tourists can get access to an unaltered and rich cultural heritage. The text concludes by pointing out that official promotion strategy renews tourists' interest for the exotic, the different, and the remote, while allowing the multiplication of business options in a context where diversity is necessary to increase consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses a housing policy of social mixture in a neighborhood that is under an urban renewal process. It studies the implementation of the housing plan included in the law n.o 3.396/09, that creates the Parque Donado-Holmberg neighborhood in the area of what should have been the Highway 3 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The paper explores the possibilities of social mixture that the social housing program enables (or not) in an urban renewal scenario. For that purpose it analyses the modes of access to social housing and the perceptions that the recipients have about their new houses. It deploys a qualitative methodology, based on secondary sources and the construction of primary data (interviews, non-participant observations and a collective mapping), that has been made between July 2016 and May. 2018. The article argues that the implementation of a policy of access to social housing is insufficient to stimulate social mixture in an urban renewal scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by looking at the concept of “social space” as a constructive, comprehensive, and interpretive key to the whole of Henri Lefebvre’s work. Therefore, it sets forth the genealogy of the Lefebvre’s project of “spatiology” (or analysis of the social production of social space) and its importance for contemporary critical thinking. At the same time, it clarifies the strong influence of Marx’s plans of the critique of the political economy on the Lefebvre’s question concerning social space and, consequently, in the matter of the historical challenge involved in the capitalist domination of space and the possibilities of its emancipation. To conclude, it characterizes the scope of the critical determination of Lefebvre’s concept of social space: the “reproduction of the social relations of production”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of unequal territorial integration in the Argentinean Patagonia has been widely studied. This article analyzes the interactions between national and scientific rhetorics in the understanding and design of the Patagonian territory, which allows for the interpellation of scientific technical knowledge from the perspective of its political significance. The paper seeks to broaden the academic register and further the critique of the scientific discourse that grounded the development model for the Argentinean Patagonia from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th. It discusses the historiographical background that linked knowledge to utilitarian logic, based on a cross-referenced analysis of writings by naturalists and emblematic figures of planning of the appropriation and Patagonian development during the analyzed period. It shows the strong impact of scientific production on the social and moral planning of a territory that was incorporated late and unequally into the organization of the State. In Patagonia, the national rhetoric describes its progress in terms of a future promise, defining everything that exists there, persons, plants, and animals, as obstacles to the fulfillment of that promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes the idea of "tourist space" by thinking of it not as a cartographical fact but from an anthropological point of view, as a product of the practices that are carried out in it. To this end we carried out case studies of two neighborhoods in Buenos Aires: La Boca and Palermo, different in terms of history, landscape and demographical composition, but equal in touristic interest. The methodology included ethnographic strategies, analysis of newspapers and virtual references. Based on the fieldwork, we observed how these neighborhoods' discourses and practices shape different tourist spaces in terms of design as well as in the use and meaning given to them by the tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the selfmanaged community organization of the El Geiser Water Park located in the community of Uxdejhe, municipality of Tecozautla, Hidalgo, Mexico. The resort belongs to a group of peasants (in Spanish "ejidatarios") that transited to water tourism entrepreneurs by managing their common heritage: the territory, the geyser and hot springs. The success of the project has allowed them to control their own development, overcome marginalization conditions prevailing in the entity and strengthen community ties. The qualitative research is based on the theoretical basis of community tourism and empirical data obtained from direct observation in the field and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the way in which identity is constructed through exchange processes, narratives and imaginary in places principally defined by tourism. We introduce the concept of identity networks as a construct to analyze the forms of interaction between different identities, territoriality and social practices that operate locally. The article concludes that there are different narratives by which a map can be constructed of references underlying the multiple identities of the inhabitants; identity is no longer a defining, immanent and endemic feature but a mutable, versatile and multi-spectral condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary tourism is an emerging field of human geography and cultural history that rediscovers the most significant spaces in each territory through the narrative representations about them. Based on an investigation, the paper shows the results of source criticism and discourse analysis of two hundred literary works that focus on the territory of Santander (Colombia) during the first half of the twentieth century. It demonstrates that the construction of the imaginary of "Santanderness" is associated with a vast literary tradition and the creation of new identity and collective recreation spaces such as the Chicamocha National Park (Panachi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Juan de Dios Nature Reserve, located in Malaga Bay in the Colombian Pacific, is the setting for a particular tourist dynamic that has configured the landscape and built the territory on the basis of respect for nature. The aim of this paper is to give a holistic account of the tourist experience from the physical, social and environmental perspectives through the new tourism geography approach, which looks at tourism as a complex sociospatial practice in which the cultural component is emphasized. The main conclusions vindicate tourism studies done from a humanistic perspective and demonstrate the need to do more, using not just purely economic approaches. Likewise, the symbolic value stands out as the main feature to approach the dynamics of tourism and conservation of the site under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between tourism and borders has seen renewed academic interest over the last decades. This paper presents a literature review on this theme, with particular focus on geographical studies, and identifies some major lines of research as well as the main theoretical contributions. Whereas most of the articles focus on a particular case study, some of them make an effort to conceptualize the knowledge produced. However, these contributions do not always incorporate the new approaches on tourism and border studies. Nevertheless, some research has begun to trace some new arguments to re-think the relationship between tourism and borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, water bodies have become one of the landscape features most valued by neoliberal urbanism in different parts of the world. The appropriation and production of water conditions exploited for the most exclusive real estate and tourism development, as well as the generation of unequal environmental conditions, are two sides of the same process that is growing significantly. This paper looks at the case of water bodies in gated communities in the flood-prone areas of Tigre, north of Buenos Aires. Using primary and secondary information, an analysis is done of the forms in which this occurs, the adverse environmental impacts and the differential responses generated both inside and outside these suburban projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primacy accorded to structural factors and the issue of globalization in the study of urban change emphasized, perhaps excessively, the definition and the description of the 'global city' at the expense of the study of the processes, actors and concrete practices. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes the specific mechanisms and strategies of material and symbolic appropriation of the urban space that business groups put into play. The set of practices addressed are principally union strategies, those linked to the Municipal State, those of commercialization and, finally, those of site. Subsequently, the article outlines some of the consequences of urban transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metropolization can be understood as a spatial social and economic process that usually occurs in the context of urban systems, so it can also be seen a process of a specific urban subsystem. This paper seeks from this framework to understand the process of metropolization of the most important large Colombian cities throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of the current one. This approach, from the so-called New Economic Geography, indicates some valid explanations. Three characteristics can be derived from this vision: formation of dynamic spatial structures, urban hierarchy, and spatiotemporal evolution of the hierarchy. Changes in the urban system looked at are useful to explain some features of the Colombian metropolization processes and the dynamics of re-accommodation of its urban concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the meanings of the concepts of socioeconomic vulnerability, environmental justice and spatial justice are discussed with respect to socionatural risks and disasters. This examination is based on the fact that such risks are social constructions derived from human-based changes to the environment. This study explains how socioeconomic vulnerability is essential to understanding the causes of disasters and how the consequences of disasters are not homogeneous but are instead distributed in accordance with the conditions of that vulnerability. Subsequently, this paper discusses the ways in which the notions of environmental justice and spatial justice can contribute to the management of risks and disasters by reducing spatial inequalities and the impacts of disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reveals an unfamiliar side of the expansion of the Greater Buenos Aires (GBA): the creation of residential areas that fall into the category of "garden city" suburbs, during the urban sprawl years (1887-1970). At the same time, it carries out a reflection on the spatial transformation of the area, as well as on the names used to refer to it. We assume that there is a problematical relationship between the word, the object, and its application to different realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the link between social and environmental precarization processes and the emergence of socio-environmental conflicts in urban areas. On the basis of the classic geographical scale problem, it debates the alleged dilemma between anti-environmentalism and environmentalism of the poor. The argument concludes with an example, the case of Mexico City, in order to formulate the relevance of the concept of socio-environmental conflict for the development of a critical geography of conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a reflection on the changes and continuities in the discourse of border disputes in Latin America, within the framework of the new geopolitical order established after the end of the Cold War. After reviewing the scientific literature the paper provides an overview of the evolution of the disputes that were active around 1990 and analyzes their geopolitical discourses. The end of the Cold War does not seem to have had a significant impact on Latin American disputes, which are generally associated with the territorial nationalism promoted by certain States. Nevertheless, the consolidation of democratic regimes has entailed a change with respect to the past, and the prevailing discourse of integration has had a positive effect on those disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the different notions of border developed in the book La geografía y la historia en la identidad nacional (1981), written by geographers and historians during the last dictatorship in Argentina and published by the Association for the Promotion of Territorial and Environmental Studies (OIKOS). The book was compiled by the Catholic nationalist architect Patricio Horacio Randle. On the basis of the analysis carried out, the article shows how the notions of border presented there were strongly influenced by the political context of the dictatorship and by the border issues prevailing at that particular moment. In line with the findings of other researchers, the paper concludes that these types of books sought to contribute to the process of legitimating the dictatorial regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]