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Due to the increasing scale and complexity of software products, software maintenance especially on bug resolution has become a challenging task. Generally in large-scale software programs, developers depend on software artifacts (e.g., bug report, source code and change history) in bug repositories to complete the bug resolution task. However, a mountain of submitted bug reports every day increase the developers' workload. Therefore, 'How to effectively resolve software defects by utilizing software artifacts?' becomes a research hotspot in software maintenance. Considerable studies have been done on bug resolution by using multi-techniques, which cover data mining, machine learning and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a literature survey on tasks, challenges and future directions of bug resolution in software maintenance process. Our investigation concerns the most important phases in bug resolution, including bug understanding, bug triage and bug fixing. Moreover, we present the advantages and disadvantages of each study. Finally, based on the investigation and comparison results, we propose the future research directions of bug resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composing large enterprise applications from reusable software components has become a major software development technique. Components are considered as black boxes and are composed together by their provided and required services. In comparison to other software development approaches, this allows for rapid development, clean and explicit architectures, and easy component reuse. Currently, there are several systems that support development and composition of components: service component architecture and Fractal are two well-known ones. At first sight, both have the same goals and provide very similar means to developers. In this paper, we briefly present both systems and then we focus on an in-depth comparison and evaluation of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predicative programming design calculus is integrated with an object-oriented method that uses a subset of the Unified Modelling Language. The integration is carried out so as to make the calculus and refinement techniques more applicable to the development of large-scale object-oriented software. The two methods are integrated using a meta-method for formal method integration based on heterogeneous notations. We demonstrate how the methods being integrated complement each other and outline the use of the integrated method in a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]