265 results
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2. Suing the State: Relative Deprivation and Peasants' Resistance in Land Expropriation in China.
- Author
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Lu, Shenghua, Zhou, Xiang, Yao, Yuting, and Wang, Hui
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,PEASANTS ,EMINENT domain ,STATE power ,POISSON regression ,SOCIAL stability - Abstract
Land expropriation, where peasants' property rights are encroached by the state, has been recognized as a primary source of social dissension in rural China. Since the end of the last century, the Administrative Litigation Law (ALL) has provided people with a legal weapon to defend themselves against violations by state power. Drawing on the theory of relative deprivation, this paper proposes that peasants are more likely to sue the state when they feel deprived. To examine this hypothesis, we first present a case study to depict the causal process and then use quantitative research to improve the external validity of our findings. We created a novel and unique database of prefecture-level administrative litigations and relative deprivation for Poisson regression analysis. The quantitative results prove that the more peasants feel relatively deprived, the more likely they are to sue the state. Furthermore, the positive effect of relative deprivation on administrative litigations has become more significant over time, implying peasants' growing awareness of legal resistance. This paper concludes that a critical step towards eliminating social inequity and maintaining social stability in rural China is to reduce the relative deprivation of peasants by, for example, allowing them to share in land value appreciation in the process of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Producing Scientific Motherhood: State-led Neoliberal Modernization and Nannies' Subjectivity in Contemporary China.
- Author
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Su, Yihui and Ni, Anni
- Subjects
COLLUSION ,MOTHERHOOD ,EMOTIONS ,EMOTION recognition ,NANNIES ,RURAL women ,NEOLIBERALISM ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge - Abstract
This paper uses the perspective of "state-led neoliberal modernization" to explore the collusion of the state and the market in the construction of scientific motherhood and its effect on rural nannies in China. It claims that the state and the market work together to shape rural nannies' modern subjectivity in the neoliberal economy through the commercial training programme of scientific motherhood. Based on a case study in Shanghai, this paper argues that the training for scientific motherhood attempts to transform rural women into modern care workers through two mechanisms: reconstructing recognition and mobilizing emotion. Rather than passively receiving the training, nannies use their agency to adjust the knowledge and practice of scientific motherhood to suit their complicated working situation. Their strategies include deploying scientific knowledge flexibly and instrumentally, practising self-restraint in limited intimacy, and paying attention to their own familial investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Loyalty and Competence: The Political Selection of Local Cadres in China.
- Author
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Jia, Linan
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,LOYALTY - Abstract
Scholarly debate on the role of various contributing factors in cadre promotion yields conflicting evidence for different administrative levels in China, yet rarely has any quantitative evidence been presented for below the county level. This study explores the causal relationship between loyalty, competence and promotion at the township level. Based on an original dataset of local cadre training records, this paper utilizes cadres' training experience at Party schools and academic institutions to account for loyalty and competence at the local level. Using a rigorous data-preprocessing method – coarsened exact matching (CEM) – this paper explores the causal effects of cadre training on promotion. The empirical results show that Party school training significantly increases the probability of promotion for township-level cadres, while university training contributes to chances of promotion to a lesser but indispensable degree. Moreover, local cadres who are both Party school and university trained enjoy the best chances of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Low-carbon Frontier: Renewable Energy and the New Resource Boom in Western China.
- Author
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Harlan, Tyler
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ENERGY infrastructure ,WATER power - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. "On the Centre–Periphery Borderline": Educational Studies on/in Mainland China in the Global Context.
- Author
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Wu, Hantian, Yang, Rui, and Li, Mei
- Subjects
OVERSEAS Chinese ,LOCAL knowledge ,SEMI-structured interviews ,COLONIZATION ,RESEARCH personnel ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Raising Dogs that Bite: How Pastoralists and Breeders Care for Tibetan Mastiffs.
- Author
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Zhou, Yufei
- Subjects
TIBETANS ,DOGS ,DOG breeds ,CHINESE people ,DOG bites ,VALUE (Economics) ,SNAKEBITES ,PRICES - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Sex Work and Stigma Management in China and Hong Kong: The Role of State Policy and NGO Advocacy.
- Author
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Choi, Susanne Y.P. and Lai, Ruby Y.S.
- Subjects
SEX work ,SEX workers ,SEX industry ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,SOCIAL stigma ,ORGANIZATIONAL citizenship behavior ,INVOLUNTARY relocation - Abstract
This paper examines the impacts of state policies and NGO advocacy on female sex workers' identity and how they manage stigma. Comparing three groups of sex workers – those born and working in mainland China, those born and working in Hong Kong, and those born in mainland China who later migrated to Hong Kong and entered the sex industry – this paper suggests that differences in state policies on prostitution and the different degrees of visibility of NGOs campaigning for sex workers' rights are related to three strategies used by sex workers to construct a positive self-image to counteract the stigma they face: gendered obligation fulfilment, professional work and responsible citizenship. The paper illustrates that stigmatized-identity management involves complex relationships among individual interpretation, selection and mobilization of gender, work and citizenship scripts, which are contingent on structural features of the environment and may change during migration and relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Back to Cheap Labour? Increasing Employment and Wage Disparities in Contemporary China.
- Author
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Xia, Yiran, Friesen, Dimitris, Cohen, Nourya, Lu, Caijie, and Rozelle, Scott
- Subjects
WAGE increases ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,ECONOMIC change - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Who Commands the Gun? Mobilization and Use of China's Armed Police.
- Author
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Wuthnow, Joel
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,GOVERNMENT aid ,SOCIAL unrest ,POLICE ,MASS mobilization - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Educational Success in Transitional China: The Gaokao and Learning Capital in Elite Professional Service Firms.
- Author
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Ren, Ran
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL corporations ,LEARNING ability ,INFORMATION economy ,RATING of students ,SUCCESS - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Temporary Leaders and Stable Institutions: How Local Bureaucratic Entrepreneurs Institutionalize China's Low-Carbon Policy Experiments.
- Author
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Gong, Weila
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,CARBON offsetting ,RESOURCE mobilization ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Whither the Global in Chinese Higher Education? The Production of Space in China's "New Era" Universities.
- Author
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McDougall, James I., Bodenhorn, Terry, Burns, John P., and Palmer, Michael
- Subjects
HIGHER education ,GLOBALIZATION ,SCHOOL administration ,CULTURAL studies ,SOCIAL interaction - Abstract
Since the 1990s, not only have China's universities become more in line with global standards but they now set them in some areas. This paper looks at how the production of space in Chinese higher education is employed in "new era" China to manage contested sites of globalization. From the spatial practice of scholarship to the representational spaces that map the educational bureaucracy, the production of space in Chinese higher education helps to organize social relations. This paper argues that the production of space in Chinese higher education is used to manage conflicts between global flows and localization as well as to serve national priorities. The paper contributes to ongoing discussions of the globalization of higher education and cultural studies of space and spatiality in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Can Grid Governance Fix the Party-state's Broken Windows? A Study of Stability Maintenance in Grassroots China.
- Author
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Xu, Jianhua and He, Siying
- Subjects
RECONNAISSANCE operations ,POLITICAL stability ,INTELLIGENCE levels ,GRIDS (Cartography) ,SOCIAL control ,GRASSROOTS movements - Abstract
Grid governance has been developed by the Chinese party-state to collect intelligence at the grassroots level for the early pre-emption of what it defines as social instability. Using data collected from four months' participant observation and extensive interviews with personnel who work in the grid governance system in what we call W Street, a location in a second-tier city in southern China, this paper examines how China's grid governance is used for stability maintenance and how in practice the system has become alienated from its original purpose of social control. We find that grid governance is achieved mainly through three mechanisms: intelligence gathering, case coordination and real-time reporting for stability maintenance. We further reveal that while grid governance provides an important infrastructural power for intelligence gathering, the realization of this power could be hindered by contradictory logics among different levels of government. This research not only provides empirical data on how China's grid governance works in practice but also calls for a rethinking of the capacity of China's stability maintenance regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Deliberate Differentiation by the Chinese State: Outsourcing Responsibility for Governance.
- Author
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Sun, Taiyi
- Subjects
CIVIL society ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,PUBLIC goods ,SOCIAL groups - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Towards Meritocratic Apartheid? Points Systems and Migrant Access to China's Urban Public Schools.
- Author
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Wan, Yi and Vickers, Edward
- Subjects
URBAN schools ,CHILDREN of immigrants ,RURAL children ,PUBLIC schools ,URBAN growth - Abstract
This paper analyses rural migrant children's access to public schools in urban China, focusing on the implications of the recent introduction of points systems for apportioning school places. This approach, first piloted by Zhongshan city in Guangdong province from 2009, has steadily been extended nationwide. Here, we analyse the reasons for its spread and for divergence in its implementation in various urban districts. Notwithstanding rhetorical claims that points systems promote "fairness" or "equality" in the treatment of migrants, our analysis suggests that they maintain or even exacerbate the stratification of urban society, lending new legitimation to the hierarchical differentiation of entitlements. This is consistent with the aim of the 2014 "New national urbanization plan" to divert urban growth from megacities towards smaller cities. However, we argue that the use of points systems should also be seen in the context of an evolving bureaucratic-ideological project aimed at more rigorously monitoring and assessing China's entire population, invoking the logic of meritocracy for the purpose of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Who Not What: The Logic of China's Information Control Strategy.
- Author
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Gallagher, Mary and Miller, Blake
- Subjects
INFORMATION resources management ,INTERNET censorship ,SOCIAL forces ,IDEOLOGY ,SOCIAL status ,SOCIAL control ,LOGIC - Abstract
In this paper, we examine how the Chinese state controls social media. While social media companies are responsible for censoring their platforms, they also selectively report certain users to the government. This article focuses on understanding the logic behind media platforms' decisions to report users or content to the government. We find that content is less relevant than commonly thought. Information control efforts often focus on who is posting rather than on what they are posting. The state permits open discussion and debate on social media while controlling and managing influential social forces that may challenge the party-state's hegemonic position. We build on Schurmann's "ideology and organization," emphasizing the Party's goals of embedding itself in all social structures and limiting the ability of non-Party individuals, networks or groups to carve out a separate space for leadership and social status. In the virtual public sphere, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) continues to apply these principles to co-opt, repress and limit the reach of influential non-Party "thought leaders." We find evidence to support this logic through qualitative and quantitative analysis of leaked censorship documents from a social media company and government documents on information control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. From Black to Blue Skies: Civil Society Perceptions of Air Pollution in Shanghai.
- Author
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Winter, Amanda K., Le, Huong, and Roberts, Simon
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,AIR quality indexes ,CIVIL society ,PARTICIPATION - Abstract
This paper explores the perception and politics of air pollution in Shanghai. We present a qualitative case study based on a literature review of relevant policies and research on civil society and air pollution, in dialogue with air quality indexes and field research data. We engage with the concept of China's authoritarian environmentalism and the political context of ecological civilization. We find that discussions about air pollution are often placed in a frame that is both locally temporal (environment) and internationally developmentalist (economy). We raise questions from an example of three applications with different presentations of air quality index measures for the same time and place. This example and frame highlight the central role and connection between technology, data and evidence, and pollution visibility in the case of the perception of air pollution. Our findings then point to two gaps in authoritarian environmentalism research, revealing a need to better understand (1) the role of technology within this governance context, and (2) the tensions created from this non-participatory approach with ecological civilization, which calls for civil society participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Gender Statistics and Local Governance in China: State Feminist versus Feminist Political Economy Approaches.
- Author
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Chen, Lanyan
- Subjects
GENDER ,LOCAL government ,STATISTICS ,POLICY sciences ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Gender statistics provide an essential tool to mainstream gender equality in policymaking through the recognition by government and the public of gender differences in all walks of life. One legacy of feminist movements since the 1990s has been a focus on the challenges women face to effect substantive equality with men. Based on the findings of a project carried out in three districts of Tianjin, this paper identifies a lack of gender statistics in China's statistical system and the resulting negative impacts on local policymaking. The findings point to weaknesses in the Chinese “state feminist” approach to gender statistics, mostly at the level of the central government. From a feminist political economy perspective, the paper argues, policymaking in China is a process built upon centralized statistical reporting systems that serve the senior governments more than local communities. Gender statistics have the potential to enhance local governance in China when policymaking becomes a site of contestation where community activists demand the use of statistics to assist policies that promote equality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Peace in the Shadow of Unrest: yinao and the State Response in China.
- Author
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Huang, Xian
- Subjects
POLITICAL persecution ,HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH facilities ,PEACE ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,CHINA studies ,PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback - Abstract
Much research on contentious politics focuses on the origins and dynamics of contention or the impact of contention on policy change. Although some studies have delved into the state reactions to contention, relatively little is known about the outcome or effectiveness of state responses, especially in non-democratic settings. This paper attempts to fill this gap and to uncover the policy feedback effect in non-democratic settings by studying the Chinese state's repression of violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities (yinao). I argue that without comprehensive healthcare reforms to tackle the root causes of yinao, state repression of yinao generates unintended adverse outcomes, causing the doctor–patient relationship to deteriorate. Using the difference-in-differences method with China Family Panel Studies data for 2014 and 2016, I find that the criminalization of yinao diminishes public trust in doctors and confidence in hospitals' competence and instead increases public concerns about the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Regulatory Framework and Sustainable Development of China's Electricity Sector.
- Author
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Zhang, Yin-Fang
- Subjects
ENERGY industries ,ELECTRICITY & the environment ,ENERGY policy ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
Both supply- and demand-oriented solutions are important in cleaning up the electricity sector. However, their successful deployment calls for the removal of various barriers. This paper looks at China's electricity industry, one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases, by relating the regulatory framework to the environmental dimension of sustainable electricity development. It develops an analytical framework by drawing upon the literature on the deployment of supply- and demand-side solutions, regulatory governance, and environmental policy integration. The paper finds that, in China's electricity sector, environmental considerations are subordinate to economic and development goals in policymaking and enforcement. Under the current regulatory framework, regulatory policies/instruments are not conducive to removing barriers to the effective deployment of the solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Four Worlds of Welfare: Understanding Subnational Variation in Chinese Social Health Insurance.
- Author
-
Huang, Xian
- Subjects
HEALTH insurance ,SOCIAL conditions in China ,POLITICAL leadership ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
China's social health insurance has expanded dramatically over the past decade. The increasing number of beneficiaries and benefits, however, has aggravated rather than mitigated regional disparities in health care. How can the regional variation in Chinese social health insurance be explained? This paper argues that the subnational variation in China's social health insurance results from the policy choices of central and local states. The central leadership, which is concerned about regime stability, delegates substantial discretionary authority to local state agents to accommodate diverse social needs and local circumstances. Local officials, who care about their political careers in the centralized personnel system, proactively design and implement social health insurance policy according to local situations such as fiscal resources and social risk. In specifying the rationale, conditions and patterns of regional variation in Chinese social health insurance, this paper addresses the general issue of how political leaders in an authoritarian regime respond to social needs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Building Up Alliances and Breaking Down the State Monopoly: The Rise of Non-Governmental Disaster Relief in China.
- Author
-
Peng, Lin and Wu, Fengshi
- Subjects
DISASTER relief ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,GOVERNMENT monopolies ,CIVIL society ,SOCIAL innovation ,SOCIAL support - Abstract
This paper explores the emergence of a highly networked and capable non-governmental organization (NGO) community in disaster relief in China. It provides a review of the growth of non-governmental actors in the relief field since the 2000s and examines the most important platforms and networks in the field, focusing on their strategies of maintaining a broad-based partnership, developing their own capacity, and enhancing overall inter-organizational connectivity. With an in-depth look at a successful joint non-governmental relief operation in Lushan in 2013, the paper also explicates how NGOs can break the state monopoly over disaster information management, public donations and relief operations. This research finds that during crisis times, non-governmental actors carry out relief missions effectively in parallel with state agencies. The rise of non-governmental disaster relief sheds light on one of many trajectories of civil society development in China where social autonomy is earned by innovation, public support and improved capacity. 摘要: 民间自发救灾在中国最近几年蓬勃发展起来, 已经开始形成具有专业化能力的社会组织网络。本研究首先回顾了二十一世纪以来民间力量和非政府组织参与救灾的发展历程, 详细分析最具代表性的平台和网络组织, 并且重点解释民间组织是如何维持广泛的伙伴关系, 如何促进跨组织的协调和联系来推动一个全国范围的具有集体认同的民间救灾共同体的形成。本研究还以 2013 年芦山地震救灾作为案例来解释不同的民间力量是如何通过有意识的组织建设和策略创新逐渐打破政府在灾情信息、社会捐助以及救灾管理方面的垄断地位, 开辟出一个同国家救灾体系平行、保持相对独立的民间救灾体系。不需要同政府发生直接对抗和冲突, 这个联动、高效和专业的民间救灾体系已经能够在某些方面替代国家的救灾功能, 甚至已经发展出一些不同于国家的救灾机制。通过这个案例, 本研究希望能够揭示中国公民社会发展的一种可能路径; 沿着这条路径, 公民社会有可能在既不全面被政权所压制, 也不必然会同国家正面冲突的情况下依靠公众的支持、创新和自我管治能力来发展社会自主性。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Intermingling of State and Private Companies: Analysing Censorship of the 19th National Communist Party Congress on WeChat.
- Author
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Ruan, Lotus, Crete-Nishihata, Masashi, Knockel, Jeffrey, Xiong, Ruohan, and Dalek, Jakub
- Subjects
PRIVATE companies ,COMMUNIST parties ,CENSORSHIP ,INFORMATION resources management ,KEYWORDS ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between political events and information control on WeChat through a longitudinal analysis of keyword censorship related to China's 19th National Communist Party Congress (NCPC19). We use a novel method to track censorship on WeChat before, during and after the NCPC19 to probe the following questions. Does censorship change after an event is over? What roles do the government and private companies play in information control in China? Our findings show that the system of information control in China can trigger blunt reactions to political events. In addition to critical content around the Congress and leaders, WeChat also censored neutral and potentially positive references to government policies and ideological concepts. The decision making behind this censorship is a product of the interaction between the government, which influences actions through directives, and the companies, which ultimately implement controls on their platforms. While this system is effective in compelling companies to implement censorship, the intermingling of the state and private companies can lead to outcomes that may not align with government strategies. We call for a deeper understanding of the role of private companies in censorship and a more nuanced assessment of the government's capacity to control social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Changing Property-Rights Regimes: A Study of Rural Land Tenure in China.
- Author
-
Brandt, Loren, Whiting, Susan H., Zhang, Linxiu, and Zhang, Tonglong
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,LAND tenure ,LAND management ,REAL property acquisition ,HOUSEHOLDS - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Market Penetration, Institutional Niches and Job Searches in Reforming China.
- Author
-
Huang, Xianbi
- Subjects
JOB hunting ,MARKET penetration ,LABOR market ,WORK structure ,SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Employment: Evidence from a Large-scale Survey of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People in China.
- Author
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Suen, Yiu Tung, Chan, Randolph C. H., and Badgett, M. V. Lee
- Subjects
SEXUAL minorities ,INTERSEX people ,TRANSGENDER people ,TRANSGENDER communities ,BISEXUALITY ,EMPLOYMENT discrimination ,LGBTQ+ employees ,SEX discrimination in employment - Abstract
While China's Constitution says everyone is treated equally before the law, employment discrimination continues to exist. This paper breaks new ground by analysing a quantitative survey of more than 10,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, the largest dataset of its kind to date in China. Only 5.1 per cent of respondents were completely open about their gender and sexuality at work. More than one-fifth reported experiencing negative treatment in the workplace. Transgender and intersex people reported higher rates of negative treatment, as did respondents with lower educational levels and lower incomes and those residing in towns. Employer policies against discrimination were rare, but when in place, they were significantly associated with less negative treatment. These findings highlight an almost completely neglected segment of the workforce and document discriminatory experiences that could be addressed by changes in discrimination law and by employer policies and practices related to diversity and inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Marketization and Its Discontents: Unveiling the Impacts of Foundation-led Venture Philanthropy on Grassroots NGOs in China.
- Author
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Lai, Weijun and Spires, Anthony J.
- Subjects
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,NONPROFIT sector ,CIVIL society ,INFLUENCER marketing ,CORPORATE giving - Abstract
Although the Chinese state has an outsized influence on shaping civil society in China, extant literature has generally overlooked the increasing role of the market in its non-governmental organization (NGO) development. This paper examines the marketization of Chinese civil society through an ethnographic investigation of funding relationships between domestic Chinese philanthropic foundations and grassroots NGOs. Two case studies of foundation venture philanthropy projects show that businesspeople, through their intensive involvement in foundation-led funding programmes, are introducing strong market influences to the non-profit sector. Notwithstanding the attraction of foundation funding, many NGOs decry the negative side effects of non-profit marketization. We argue that NGOs in this context risk being transformed into social product providers and resource-chasing machines, detracting from the self-directed social missions that many NGO leaders see as their original calling. These observations on emergent NGO–foundation relationships also reflect participants' increasing uncertainty about the direction of Chinese civil society development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Access to Justice in Higher Education: The Student as Consumer in China.
- Author
-
Zhou, Ling, Bodenhorn, Terry, Burns, John P., and Palmer, Michael
- Subjects
ACCESS to justice ,HIGHER education ,CONSUMER law ,UNIVERSITY & college admission ,TUITION - Abstract
With the massive expansion of higher education in China from the late 1990s onwards, private ("social") forces have increasingly funded higher education institutions. In today's competitive and commercialized environment, private universities are under increasing pressure to make themselves more attractive to potential students. As a result, private HEIs sometimes resort to misleading marketing practices in order to entice prospective students and hike up tuition fees, despite often providing substandard education. The handling of student–university disputes by the courts and other bodies tends to remain administrative in nature. Students are to be regulated rather than seen as consumers with rights and interests to be protected. The system fails to provide adequate redress for the shoddy treatment and educational service that students in private institutions often receive. This paper suggests that a more "consumer welfare" approach would complement the current institutionally focused, academic administration approach found in mainland China today. Given the problems with many private HEIs in China, it would also reflect more realistically the needs of the emerging "student-consumer." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Expanding Higher Education: China's Precarious Balance.
- Author
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Postiglione, Gerard A., Bodenhorn, Terry, Burns, John P., and Palmer, Michael
- Subjects
HIGHER education ,UNIVERSITY autonomy ,GLOBALIZATION ,EDUCATION research ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
China implemented an unprecedented expansion of higher education along with excellence initiatives that propelled more universities into the global rankings. Yet, the international influence of the higher education system pales in comparison to its economy. This paper argues that governance reforms in higher education only partially address the increasingly complex social and geopolitical realities. With more institutional and professional autonomy, universities and the academic research enterprise would be better placed and more inclined to find innovative solutions to urgent problems of domestic and global sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Database Green: Software, Environmentalism and Data Flows in China.
- Author
-
Tarantino, Matteo and Zimmermann, Basile
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTALISM ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection digital resources ,TRANSPARENCY in government ,DATABASE management ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Significant efforts towards environmental transparency have been made by the Chinese government since 2008. This paper focuses on the technical decisions shaping a database of official pollution information built and operated by a Chinese NGO known as the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE). Issues of standardization, power distribution and institutional fragmentation are discussed. The paper illustrates a case of NGOs integrating enforcement capabilities as data centres amidst the growing reliance on processes of informational governance of environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The “Singapore Fever” in China: Policy Mobility and Mutation.
- Author
-
Lim, Kean Fan and Horesh, Niv
- Subjects
POLICY diffusion ,TRANSFER of training ,EDUCATIONAL change ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY of political parties ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The “Singapore model” constitutes only the second explicit attempt by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to learn from a foreign country following Mao Zedong's pledge to contour “China's tomorrow” on the Soviet Union experience during the early 1950s. This paper critically evaluates policy transfers from Singapore to China in the post-Mao era. It re-examines how this Sino-Singaporean regulatory engagement came about historically following Deng Xiaoping's visit to Singapore in 1978, and offers a careful re-reading of the degree to which actual policy borrowing by China could transcend different state ideologies, abstract ideas and subjective attitudes. Particular focus is placed on the effects of CCP cadre training in Singaporean universities and policy mutation within two government-to-government projects, namely the Suzhou Industrial Park and the Tianjin Eco-City. The paper concludes that the “Singapore model,” as applied in post-Mao China, casts institutional reforms as an open-ended process of policy experimentation and adaptation that is fraught with tension and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Between Spiritual Economy and Religious Commodification: Negotiating Temple Autonomy in Contemporary China.
- Author
-
Chang, Kuei-min
- Subjects
TEMPLES ,AUTONOMY & independence movements ,RELIGIOUS leadership ,STATE supervision over local government - Abstract
This research investigates the contentious use of temple assets amid widespread local state-led religious commodification in contemporary China. Based on a comparative analysis of 22 historic temples, this paper argues that given the choice, temple leaders strive for property-management autonomy, which they negotiate on two fronts. Externally, owing to the immobility of historic temple assets, temple leaders avoid antagonizing local state agents by demonstrating political conformity and the temple's economic contribution. Internally, they seek to build a donation-based merit economy to sustain the monastic institution. Since such autonomy must operate within the authoritarian state's regulatory framework, the restrained contestation of the religious leadership actually helps to strengthen state control over religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. To Serve the People: Income, Region and Citizen Attitudes towards Governance in China (2003–2016).
- Author
-
Turiel, Jesse, Cunningham, Edward, and Saich, Anthony
- Subjects
INCOME ,CITIZEN attitudes ,PUBLIC opinion ,SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Exploring the Changing Role of Chinese Entities in WMD Proliferation.
- Author
-
Salisbury, Daniel and Jones, Lucy
- Subjects
NUCLEAR nonproliferation ,ARMS race ,INTERNATIONAL sanctions ,WEAPONS of mass destruction - Abstract
This paper seeks to provide an original examination of the nature of the proliferation of sensitive materials and technologies by Chinese entities. A number of publications have attempted to understand the issue of proliferation stemming from businesses based in China, with many having commented on the efforts undertaken both by international actors and by the Chinese government to prevent it. However, relatively few scholars have sought, in any systematic and sustained way, to understand the types of Chinese companies involved in proliferation and the evolution of their behaviour. This paper seeks to argue and account for the declining role of, and concern regarding, Chinese state-owned enterprise in the global proliferation problem. Different accounts for this change, and the relating proliferation challenge posed by China, are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Modernizing China's Tertiary Education Sector: Enhanced Autonomy or Governance in the Shadow of Hierarchy?
- Author
-
Jian, Hu and Mols, Frank
- Subjects
POSTSECONDARY education ,EDUCATION ,EDUCATION policy ,PUBLIC administration ,EDUCATIONAL change - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Inequality and Political Trust in China: The Social Volcano Thesis Re-examined.
- Author
-
Zhou, Yingnan Joseph and Jin, Shuai
- Subjects
EQUALITY ,POLITICAL trust (in government) ,POLITICAL culture ,FEDERAL government ,LOCAL government - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Acquired but Unvested Welfare Rights: Migration and Entitlement Barriers in Reform-Era China.
- Author
-
Zhang, Li and Li, Meng
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,PUBLIC welfare ,PENSIONS ,EMPLOYEE rights ,MIGRANT labor - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Prevalence and the Increasing Significance of Guanxi.
- Author
-
Bian, Yanjie
- Subjects
GUANXI ,SOCIAL science literature ,CAPITALISM ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market ,JOB hunting ,ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Limits to Buying Stability in Tibet: Tibetan Representation and Preferentiality in China's Contemporary Public Employment System.
- Author
-
Fischer, Andrew M. and Zenz, Adrian
- Subjects
CIVIL service recruiting ,CIVIL service ,JOB security ,LABOR policy ,SOCIAL stability - Abstract
Based on an entirely unexplored source of data, this paper analyses the evolution of Tibetan representation and preferentiality within public employment recruitment across all Tibetan areas from 2007 to 2015. While recruitment collapsed after the end of the job placement system (
fenpei ) in the early to mid-2000s, there was a strong increase in public employment recruitment from 2011 onwards. Tibetans were underrepresented within this increase, although not severely, and various implicit practices of preferentiality bolstered such representation, with distinct variations across regions and time. The combination reasserted the predominant role of the state as employer of educated millennials in Tibetan areas to the extent of re-introducing employment guarantees. We refer to this as the innovation of a neo-fenpei system. This new system is most clearly observed in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) from 2011 to 2016, although it appears to have been abandoned in 2017. One effect of neo-fenpei , in contrast to its predecessor, is that it accentuates university education as a driver of differentiation within emerging urban employment. The evolution of these recruitment practices reflects the complex tensions in Tibetan areas regarding the overarching goal of security and social stability (weiwen ) emphasized by the Xi–Li administration, which has maintained systems of minority preferentiality but in a manner that enhances assimilationist trends rather than minority group empowerment. 摘要: 根据一组完全没有被研究过的原始数据, 本文分析了 2007 年至 2015 年之间, 整个藏族地区公职人员招聘中藏族的代表比例和优待的演变。虽然在 2000 年代早中期工作分配制度结束后, 招聘一度瓦解, 2011 年以后公职人员招聘又有强劲增长。藏人在这波增长中没有被充分代表, 但是并不严重。各种隐性的优待招聘实践还增加了这种代表比例, 在不同的地区和时间有明显的区别。这种组合重申了国家在受教育的千禧一代的就业中的主导地位, 以至于到了重新引入就业保障的地步。我们把此种创新称为新分配制度, 这种情形在西藏自治区最为明显。相对于它的前身, 新分配的一个效应就是它强调了大学教育在新兴城市就业中作为划分的驱动因素。这些招聘实践的演变显示了习李政府强调的安全和维稳的总体目标在藏族地区的复杂的张力 ——它虽然保持了少数民族优待的制度, 却在某种意义上强化了藏族的被同化而不是少数民族的自主性。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Regular and Agency Workers: Attitudes and Resistance in Chinese Auto Joint Ventures.
- Author
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Chen, Yiu Por (Vincent) and Chan, Anita
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE industry ,MAOISM ,WORK environment ,JOB satisfaction ,JOINT ventures - Abstract
This paper focuses on agency workers in China's auto industry. Some scholars foresee that this new category of workers, particularly in the auto industry, will play a leading role in global labour resistance. In this context, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 483 regular and agency workers at five major auto joint ventures in China and compared their work conditions, job satisfaction and willingness to take collective actions. Based on these findings, we argue that these companies have good reasons to keep the gap in wages and in work conditions small. This, along with management practices inherited from the Maoist system, can mitigate workers' dissatisfaction and reduce their tendency to take militant actions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Internal Migration Policies in China: Patterns and Determinants of the Household Registration Reform Policy Design in 2014.
- Author
-
Wang, Julia Shu-Huah, Zhu, Yiwen, Peng, Chenhong, and You, Jing
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,CITIES & towns ,PUBLIC welfare policy ,MASS migrations ,REFORMS ,HOUSEHOLDS ,CLINICAL trial registries ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Job Preferences and Outcomes for China's College Graduates.
- Author
-
Li, Hongbin, Meng, Lingsheng, Xiong, Yanyan, and Cook, Sinclair L.
- Subjects
COLLEGE graduates ,CHINESE-speaking students ,INCOME ,ELITISM in education ,JOB offers ,COMMENCEMENT ceremonies - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Operational Dilemmas and Cadre Education and Training at a County Party School in China.
- Author
-
Ottervik, Mattias, Wang, Haoyu, and Li, Zhen
- Subjects
DILEMMA ,COMMUNIST parties ,COUNTIES - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. China's Prosperous Middle Class and Consumption-led Economic Growth: Lessons from Household Survey Data.
- Author
-
Yang, Xiuna, Sicular, Terry, and Gustafsson, Björn
- Subjects
HOUSEHOLD surveys ,ECONOMIC expansion ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Changing Church and State Relations in Contemporary China: The Case of Mindong Diocese, Fujian Province.
- Author
-
Chan, Shun-hing
- Subjects
CHURCH & state ,FREEDOM of religion ,RELIGIOUS institutions ,LOCAL government ,NEGOTIATION ,DIOCESES ,SOCIAL conditions in China, 1949- - Abstract
This study examines church–state relations in Mindong diocese, Fujian province, from the perspective of state–society relations. The article seeks to identify the salient patterns of church–state relations in Mindong diocese, and the social factors that contribute to the formation of such patterns. I elaborate on the essential characteristics of the Mindong model in the paper. I argue that the three key factors affecting church–state relations in Mindong diocese are the competition between the open and underground churches, the mediating role of the Vatican, and the pragmatism of local government officials. I describe the Mindong model as a “negotiated resistance,” meaning that the underground church resists the control of the government and seeks organizational autonomy through continued negotiation with officials of the government. In conclusion, I discuss the implications of this church–state model in advancing religious freedom in Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Local Energy Efficiency Policy Implementation in China: Bridging the Gap between National Priorities and Local Interests.
- Author
-
Kostka, Genia and Hobbs, William
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,GOVERNMENT policy on energy consumption ,FEDERAL-county relations ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,LOCAL government ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
This paper analyses Chinese sub-national governments' implementation strategies to meet national energy efficiency targets in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010). Previous research has focused on the ways governance practices and decision-making structures shape implementation outcomes, yet very little attention has been given to what strategies local leaders actually employ to bridge national priorities with local interests. To illustrate how local leaders work politically, this paper highlights specific implementation methods officials use to strengthen formal incentives and create effective informal incentives to comply with energy efficiency mandates. The analysis is drawn from 53 interviews conducted in June and July of 2010 in Shanxi, a major coal-producing and energy-intensive province. Findings suggest that local government leaders conform to national directives by "bundling" the energy efficiency policy with policies of more pressing local importance or by "bundling" their energy efficiency objectives with the interests of groups with significant political influence. Ultimately, sub-national government officials frame policies in ways that give them legitimacy at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neither “Bad” nor “Dirty”: High-end Sex Work and Intimate Relationships in Urban China.
- Author
-
Yuk-ha Tsang, Eileen
- Subjects
- *
SEX work , *SEX workers , *SOCIAL status , *DIGNITY , *MARITAL relations - Abstract
The relationship between sex workers and their clients is generally characterized as being based entirely on the direct exchange of sexual favours for money. However, this received wisdom cannot account for a nation such as China which attaches significant value to “face,” social status and interpersonal dignity. This paper draws parallels with high-end sex workers elsewhere in Asia as well as globally. With a focus on the high-end sector, I examine how workers and their clients engage not only in pecuniary transactions but also in genuinely intimate and non-remunerative relationships. High-end sex workers make use of their earned economic capital to acquire cultural capital, and use online apps as marketing tools to target local elites and expats to forge longer-term intimate relationships. Male clients in more commercialized, post-industrial cities in China continue to seek diverse types of sexual experiences, with some clients seeking genuine intimacy. Furthermore, I explore how Chinese and foreign clients overcome social barriers to develop such relationships with sex workers. Building on this sociocultural perspective, this paper analyses ethnographically both sides of the female sex worker–client relationship in high-end karaoke lounges and bars in Dongguan, southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Evaluating the Behaviour of Chinese Stakeholders Engaged in Large Hydropower Projects in Asia and Africa.
- Author
-
Tan-Mullins, May, Urban, Frauke, and Mang, Grace
- Subjects
- *
DAMS , *STAKEHOLDERS , *WATER power , *CLIMATE change mitigation - Abstract
Hydropower dams are back in the spotlight owing to a shifting preference for low carbon energy generation and their possible contribution to mitigating climate change. At the forefront of the renaissance of large hydropower dams are Chinese companies, as the builders of the world's largest dams at home and abroad, opening up opportunities for low- and middle-income countries. However, large hydropower dams, despite their possible developmental and carbon reduction contributions, are accompanied by huge economic costs, profound negative environmental changes and social impacts. Using fieldwork data from four hydropower projects in Ghana, Nigeria, Cambodia and Malaysia, this paper evaluates the behaviour of Chinese stakeholders engaged in large hydropower projects in Asia and Africa. We do this by first exploring the interests of the different Chinese stakeholders and then by investigating the wider implications of these Chinese dams on the local, national and international contexts. The paper concludes that hydropower dams will continue to play a prominent role in future efforts to increase energy security and reduce energy poverty worldwide, therefore the planning, building and mitigation strategies need to be implemented in a more sustainable way that takes into account national development priorities, the needs of local people and the impacts on natural habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Inequalities in the Pathway to College in China: When Do Students from Poor Areas Fall Behind?
- Author
-
Loyalka, Prashant, Chu, James, Wei, Jianguo, Johnson, Natalie, and Reniker, Joel
- Subjects
HIGHER education & economics ,POOR people ,EDUCATIONAL equalization ,EDUCATION & economics ,ECONOMIC conditions of students - Abstract
Inequalities in college access are a major concern for policymakers in both developed and developing countries. Policymakers in China have largely tried to address these inequalities by helping disadvantaged students successfully transition from high school to college. However, they have paid less attention to the possibility that inequalities in college access may also arise earlier in the pathway to college. The purpose of this paper is to understand where inequalities emerge along the pathway to college in China, focusing on three major milestones after junior high. By analysing administrative data on over 300,000 students from one region of China, we find that the largest inequalities in college access emerge at the first post-compulsory milestone along the pathway to college: when students transition from junior high to high school. In particular, only 60 per cent of students from poor counties take the high school entrance exam (compared to nearly 100 per cent of students from non-poor counties). Furthermore, students from poor counties are about one and a half times less likely to attend academic high school and elite academic high school than students from non-poor counties. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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