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This paper has been substantially revised by the Canadian Psychiatric Association's Research Committee and approved for republication by the CPA's Board of Directors on May 3, 2017. The original policy paper1 was developed by the Scientific and Research Affairs Standing Committee and approved by the Board of Directors on November 10, 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the efficacy of the psychotherapies in Canada. Skills needed by psychiatrists to be effective and competent; Role of psychotherapies in psychiatry; Economic impact of psychotherapy; Limitations of psychotherapy.

Provides guidelines for clinical care related to the practice of psychotherapies. Reflection on the clinical experiences of Canadian psychiatrists; Differentiation between psychiatric management and formal psychotherapies; Ethical guidelines for psychotherapies; Factors for effective therapeutic bond between the patient and the psychiatrist.

The article presents a paper, a part of a planned series of Elements of Care papers, focusing on identifying common elements which are important for providing appropriate psychiatric care in different models of care in Canada. It focuses on direct patient care or service for payment in traditional care model and also discusses indirect services involved in such models, like diagnostic assessment or patient management. It also focuses on involvement of family or caregivers in indirect services.

The article offers information about the position paper entitled "Share Mental Health Care in Canada", which proposes to enhance the working relationship between family physicians and psychiatrists. The working group of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and the College of Family Physicians of Canada has described the obligations and responsibilities of each of the two medical specialties in a proposed shared care model for the treatment of mental illness. The position paper highlights the current difficulties experienced between family physicians and psychiatrists, which poor communication and lack of contact between members of each of the 2 specialty groups.

This position paper has been substantially revised by the Canadian Psychiatric Association's Professional Standards and Practice Committee and approved for republication by the CPA's Board of Directors on August 31, 2016. The original position paper1 was developed by the Professional Standards and Practice Council and approved by the Board of Directors on April 9, 1994. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information related to the position paper developed by the Canadian Psychiatric Association Committee related to psychiatric professional standards and practice, approved by the CPA's board of directors on September 12, 2014. Topics discussed include fundamental freedom of conscience and religion for Canadians under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, health care conflicts and cultural sensitivity.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article recalls the history of "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry". The establishment of the publication by Doctor Rhodes Chalke as the scientific and professional voice of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, then still in its transition stage. The Journal was all-important to Rhodes, he was determined that it become a source of pride for Canadian psychiatrists an that it earn a place among international psychiatric publications. On the other hand, the Journal's policy of prioritizing contributions by Canadian authors was retained.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduces a series of articles which deals with psychotherapies and the practice of psychiatry from Canadian Psychiatric Association. Clinal practice guidelines on the psychotherapies; Scope of the articles.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Editorial. Focuses on child and adolescent psychiatry in Canada. Integration of child psychopathology research and development in psycholinguistics; Use of clinical epidemiology tools in analyzing child psychopathology; Accounts on the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Over the past quarter-century, Canadian researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy specialists have made several notable contributions to the broad field of violence risk assessment and management. In part, these contributions have been fostered by major changes in law over this period; in part, they have been spurred by findings from large-scale Canadian prediction--outcome studies. This paper offers references for a range of Canadian-inspired assessment schemes designed to evaluate psychopathy and potential for violence against others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confusion regarding definitions and standards of prevention and promotion programs is pervasive, as revealed by a review of such programs in Canada. This paper examines how a discussion of scientific paradigms can help clarify models of prevention and mental health promotion and proposes the complementary development of prevention and promotion programs. A paradigm shift in science contributed to the emergence of the transactional model, advocating multiple causes and dynamic transactions between the individual and the environment. Consequently, the view of prevention applying over a linear continuum and of single stressful events causing mental disorders may no longer be appropriate. It is the author's belief that the new science of chaos theory, which addresses processes involved in the development of systems, can be applied to child development and thus to the heart of prevention and promotion programs. Critical moments followed by transitions or near-chaotic behaviours lead to stable states better adapted to the environment. Prevention programs would focus on the critical moments and target groups at risk to reduce risk factors. Promotion programs would focus on stable states and target the general population to develop age-appropriate life skills. The concept of sensitive dependence on initial conditions and certain empirical studies suggest that the programs would have the greatest impact at the beginning of life. It is hoped that this effort to organize knowledge about conceptual models of prevention and mental health promotion programs will foster the development of these programs to meet the urgent needs of Canadian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author reflects on the developments surrounding the August 1997 issue of the journal "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry." In the leading paper, author Michael Ruiner familiarizes the reader with his latest preoccupation. He defines genetic research to include a thorough understanding of the multiple interplays between genetic structures and the outside world.

A position statement regarding COVID-19 and Canadian psychiatry, developed by the Public Policy Committee of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and approved by its board of directors on November 1, 2020, is presented. Topics covered include burden of the COVID-19 disease among people with psychiatric illness, general care for psychiatric patients, and public health policies.

This article focuses on the issues published in "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry," which comprised either clinical reports or expressions of opinions related to the field of psychiatry. Most published issues shed light on the understanding and treatment of mental disorders, and a general psychiatry journal does not publish many basic science papers. The review section contains articles that examines a broad range of research on clinically relevant topics on psychiatry.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focuses on the emerging trends and training issues in the psychiatric emergency rooms (ER) in Canada. Implication on the number of patients presenting to psychiatric ERs; Importance of the psychiatric service; Implications for the education of students of all disciplines at various levels of training.

Objective: A national survey of senior psychiatric residents' experience of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) training was undertaken in Canada in 1989. Since then, guidelines have been published in Canada and the US with respect to ECT training in psychiatry residency programs. This study examines whether there has been any change in the Canadian resident ECT training experience through a second national survey.Methods: Confidential questionnaires assessing the training in and the attitudes toward ECT were sent to all 133 psychiatric residents-in their final year of training in Canadian medical schools.Results: We attained a response rate of 68.3%. Of respondents, 88% felt that theoretical and practical ECT training should be a mandatory component of psychiatric residency programs. No marked improvements have occurred with respect to didactic and bedside training in ECT, compared with the original 1989 study. Only 18% of respondents reported that they feel completely competent administering ECT. Despite this, 59.3% anticipate working in an inpatient setting.Conclusions: The publication of training guidelines has made little impact on training in and attitudes toward ECT in senior psychiatric residents in Canada. Despite senior residents' acknowledgement of ECT's value, few feel competent to administer ECT after completing their training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine current training in developmental disabilities in Canadian psychiatry residency programs and to determine, from the programs' perspectives, how provinces across Canada are responding to the needs of persons with developmental disabilities and comorbid mental health disturbances (persons with a "dual diagnosis").Method: A survey was completed by residency directors, or their designate, for all 16 psychiatry residency programs in Canada.Results: Persons with developmental disabilities require psychiatric services throughout their lives, but inadequate training opportunities exist in many of the residency programs, particularly those involving adults and adolescents. While some didactic opportunities are usually available, supervised clinical opportunities are rare, and many of those reported are optional.Conclusions: Across Canada, there have been insufficient advances in clinical training and service developments to meet the needs of individuals with developmental disabilities and comorbid mental health disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Editorial. Focuses on psychiatric genetics of the 21st century. Difference of the existing genetic counseling for psychiatric illnesses from a few years ago; Need for clinicians to reconsider patients needing referral for genetic counseling; Forecast on the increase of demand for genetic counseling services.

This article discusses the influence of the Internet to the services of psychiatric publications in Canada. The average psychiatrist is conventionally alleged to be highly competent when it comes to understanding words, feelings and behaviors by generally incompetent when it comes to mastering technology. In this regard, the growth of what has become known as distance learning is going to be especially important in large countries. On the other hand, there is a fear that these technological developments may make conventional psychiatric publishing obsolete.

Objective: Despite recent advances in neuroscience highlighting its potential applications in the assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders, the training of psychiatrists in neuroscience is lacking. However, it is not clear to what extent Canadian trainees are interested in further learning and using neuroscience in their daily clinical practice. This study explored the attitudes of Canadian psychiatry trainees with regard to neuroscience education and training by asking them to assess their own understanding of neuroscience and the perceived relevance of neuroscience knowledge to effective psychiatric practice.Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to psychiatry residents at Canadian universities. This questionnaire consisted of self-assessments of neuroscience knowledge, attitudes toward neuroscience education, preferences in learning modalities, and interest in specific neuroscience topics.Results: One hundred and eleven psychiatry residents from psychiatry residency programs at Canadian universities responded to this survey. Participants represented trainees from all 5 years of residency. Almost half of all trainees (49.0%) reported their knowledge of neuroscience to be either "inadequate" or "less than adequate," and only 14.7% of trainees reported that they feel "comfortable" or "very comfortable" discussing neuroscience findings with their patients. 63.7% of Canadian trainees rated the quantity of neuroscience education in their residency program as either less than adequate or inadequate, and 46.1% rated the quality of their neuroscience education as "poor" or "very poor." The vast majority of participants (>70%) felt that additional neuroscience education would be moderately-to-hugely helpful in finding personalized treatments, discovering future treatments, destigmatizing patients with psychiatric illness, and understanding mental illness.Conclusions: Canadian trainees generally feel that their neuroscience knowledge and the neuroscience education they receive during their psychiatry residencies is inadequate. However, as the first step for any change, the majority of future Canadian psychiatrists are very motivated and have a positive attitude toward neuroscience learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Gender inequity in academic medicine persists despite increases in the number of women physicians. We sought to explore gender differences in research productivity for academic psychiatrists in Canada.Methods: In a cross-sectional study of the 3379 psychiatrists in all 17 university departments of psychiatry in Canada, research productivity, as measured by the h-index and number of publications, was compared between women and men using a negative log binomial regression model to generate relative rates (RRs), adjusted for career duration (aRR). Findings were stratified by academic rank, institution region, and institution size. A subanalysis of those with 10 or more publications was conducted as a proxy for identifying physicians on a research track.Results: Women (43% of the sample) had a lower mean (standard deviation) h-index than men (2.87 [6.49] vs. 5.31 [11.1]; aRR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.72). Differences were significant only for junior faculty and not for associate and full professors. Comparison by number of publications followed a similar pattern (aRR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.55). Among those with 10 or more publications (n = 721), differences between men and women were smaller than in the overall cohort for both the h-index (aRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87) and number of publications (aRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.72).Conclusions: Gender differences in research productivity at the national level in academic psychiatry in Canada support a call to adopt a more systematic approach to promoting equitable opportunities for women in research, especially in early career, to improve diversity and enhance future psychiatric research and discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the new editor and new policy of the "Canadian Journal of Psychiatry." With the change of editorship. The journal will introduce several other changes. The journal's mission is to publish papers of the highest scientific quality that are relevant for the theory and practice of psychiatry. All the articles in the journal are either empirical studies or systematic reviews. As a result, our impact factor has steadily gone up. While Canada is small in relation to its larger neighbor country, one do not see why one cannot have an impact similar to that of journals from Britain and Scandinavia.

Focuses on the role of pharmaceutical companies in research and development in Canada. Changes in the practice of medicine; Decrease in the use of forms of psychotherapy; Reduction in the number of medical students enrolling in psychiatry.

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The article focuses on the use of evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) in Canada. It comments on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating mild and moderate depression and can also help cancer patients cope with chemotherapy or assist overweight people with weight management. It mentions that EBP like CBT have limited availability in public health care systems due to the investment of time and resources. It talks about improve access to EBP in Britain's National Health Service.

This article comments on the changes and challenges faced by "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry". The published issues in the Journal reflected what was happening in psychiatry and in society as a whole. In particular, the demand to increase performance is creating an atmosphere of increased tension and anxiety. On the other hand, the advent of new medications with fewer immediate side effects virtually requires the use of community treatment orders in serious mental illness.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduces the articles on community treatment orders (CTO) featured in the September 2004 issue of "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry." Analysis on the arguments of protagonists on CTO; Availability of the mandatory outpatient treatment of CTO; Effectiveness of outpatient commitment and community-based care management.

Editorial. Discusses the significance in twinning research and practice guidelines in the management of addictions. Introduction to various articles published in the February 2003 issue of the magazine 'The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry'; Instrumental therapeutic strategies available to clinicians for treating psychiatric disorders.

Introduces a series of articles about aboriginal psychiatry and mental health in Canada.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents a letter to the editor discussing the inpatient religious commitment of Canadian psychiatrists.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)