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Noise is one of the problems that often occur in urban areas due to the traffic condition. Noise in a building design depends on the choice of materials as sound absorbers. The type of sound dampening material that already exists is a porous material, a resonator, and a panel. The material often used as an absorber is porous materials, because it is relatively cheaper and lighter, especially to reduce the noise in the narrow spaces such as housing and offices. Various substitutes are made from cheap materials, such as the use of recycled materials of egg tray paper with the size of 40 x 40 centimeters. This is a quantitative research that will measure the place of egg tray paper in reducing noise, using a Sound Level Meter. The use of the egg tray paper is able to show an adequate acoustic quality as noise absorbers, with the average value of NR 22-26 dB.

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of beating process to the characteristics of pulp and paper produced from oil palm oil male flower spikes (OPMFS). OPMFS pulp was prepared according to chemical Soda-AQ pulping process. 60 gsm handsheet of oil palm male flower spikes paper were prepared from OPMFS pulp with four different beating times which are 0 revolution, 1000 revolutions, 2000 revolutions and 3000 revolutions. All physical and mechanical characteristics were investigated according to TAPPI and MS ISO standards. The results show that overall physical and mechanical characteristics of POMFS paper were influenced and enhanced by beating process between 0 until 3000 revolutions. This research demonstrate some potential characteristics of palm oil male flower spikes (OPMFS) paper to be investigated as a newly explored non-wood based raw material for papermaking raw material for papermaking.

Current pulp-processing in pulp and paper based industries are inefficient in removing the lignin as this compound is recalcitrant towards degradation. Transitioning from conventional pulping process into bio-delignification through utilisation of ligninase enzymes is one of the alternatives to improve the ability to fully utilize all components of wood to produce high quality fibres. Extensive research efforts have been focused on increase the production of ligninase enzymes from white rot fungi as a whole organism for industrial applications. However, enzymes activity produced from fungi are rather low as lignin modification is a secondary metabolism in which the enzyme only be expressed under particular conditions. Using genetic manipulations to incorporate genes associate for delignification isolated from different organisms such as tropical Asian wood-feeding insect into bacteria expression system will allow rapid enzyme production. This theoretical framework aims to produce an enzyme with high ligninase activity that will be used for removal of lignin during pulp-processing. These enzymes are thought to be more economically efficient in degrading lignin and involves less use of chemicals thus make this processing more environmentally friendly.Keywords: Biodelignification, Asian wood tropical insect, fungi, ligninase enzyme, bacterial expression system

In recent years, there have been a number of interests on the Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) as a potential alternative dielectric insulating fluid in transformers which stimulate different types of studies on these oils properties. Among the important studies is the lightning impulse properties. This paper presents the investigation on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of PO and CO under non-uniform electric field. The PO used in this study is Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein type. The influence of the testing methods, rising-voltage and up-and-down are investigated at 2 gap distances for both oils. It was found that the lightning breakdown voltage performance for some of the RBDPO and CO are comparable to MO.

Malaysia is located on the equator has resulted in having two seasons wet and dry. Both of the seasons can influence indoor air quality of buildings promoting the growth of fungal. Fungal growth can occur with the combinations of temperature, relative humidity, substrate and others. Indoor and outdoor air quality is essential for building occupants to prevent the infection diseases caused by fungal. The goal of this study is to remediate the growth indoor fungal after treated with biocides on different types of wall finishing and evaluate the efficiencies of biocides to treat indoor fungal. In this study, the biocides are utilized as a coating for coating bio-resistance. The measurements of the fungal growth are made by growing the samples on realistic wood substrates on the different wall finishing such as paints and wallpapers. The mold that grew are affecting most of the rooms is selected. The air sampler that have been used to isolate the samples of indoor fungal according to NIOSH Manual Analytical Method (NMAM 0800), a guideline provided by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The fungal growth was evaluated using the ASTM D5590-00 standard measuring on the surface of substrate. The results show that potassium sorbate as biocide was able to reduce the indoor fungal growth depending on the type of material used in the building.

RETRACTED PAPER: Energy conversion from ocean waves has become the need of the hour in view of the renewable energy awakening occurring all over the world. Energy conversion by Oscillating Water Column (OWC) concept has become an established technology in converting mechanical energy of ocean waves to electrical energy. But the limitations of OWC concept calls for further research and developments to make the technology commercially an attractive one. In this context Boccotti, the Italian scientist advanced the double chamber concept and the implications of the concept still remains to be investigated through model studies. This paper presents the details of a generic study carried out in a physical model device under regular waves.

This paper presents a schlieren optical visualization technique and its application in observation of the changes of intensity in real images. Schlieren optical visualization technique system is the unique technique because it produces a neutral image easily-interpretable image of refractive-index-gradient fields. The schlieren technique remains to be one of the most powerful techniques to visualize the flow and useful as a tool in order to observe the flow characteristics, fuel-air mixing, spray evaporation and flame development. The schlieren system provides a method to viewing the flow through the transparent media. This paper present the basics technique of schlieren system especially for Z-type and two mirror schlieren system. This optical visualization photography together with digital video camera will capture the detail spray evaporation, mixture formation and flame process.

This paper compares some geotechnical properties of Kaolin, Laterite and Peat. Laterite was collected from Bukit Banang while Peat sample was collected from Parit Nipah, both locations were in Batu Pahat, Johor. Meanwhile, kaolin that was used in this research was manufactured kaolin. These soil samples were subjected to routine laboratory analysis and resulting data were analyzed statistically using a correlation analysis. A laboratory testing program consists of “Basic properties test” to obtain general information on the materials (e.g Natural moisture content, Atterberg Limit, Specific gravity, grain size analysis, chemical composition and pH) and “Geotechnical properties tests” to measure specific properties that characterize soil behaviour for design and constructability assessments (e.g Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength and CBR).The results showed that the Natural/initial moisture content for laterite, peat and kaolin is 22.54%, 480.61% and 0.22% respectively. Meanwhile Specific gravity for each soil was in the range 1.50-2.79.It was also found that the pH of all soil is acidic which lay in the range of 3.76-5.95.The UCS for the optimally compacted sample of laterite is 445.77 kPa, kaolin is 199.23 kPa and for peat is 58.70 kPa. This paper summarizes the result of analysis performed on all tests conducted. Based on the results, the geotechnical property of the soil is a highly dependent with the type of soil and therefore, determining the soil characterization and the soil strength should be considered during the planning phase of any earthwork construction operation.

This paper presents the simulation of the flexible aerator model as a new concept to generate dissolved oxygen. This method is implementing the flexible beam motion as a medium to circulate water and create wave. This paper is using the simulation to optimize the suitable parameters namely the length of flexible beam and the percentage of immerse in water. The best result of dissolved oxygen level were found during run the flexible beam aerator at 12 V with 0.65m length of flexible beam and immerses 25% in water. The flexible beam was successfully implemented as a new aerator concept where it is able to generate oxygen up to 8.6mg/L with the average Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency 1.84 kgO2/kWhr

The LVL-concrete composite (LCC) structure is a hybrid in system which the LVL member is well connected to the concrete slab by a connector to produce composite action. Various types of connector with different stiffness and shear capacity are available in the market currently. The stiffness of the connector is identified through the push-out experiment. The notch connections for LVL concrete composite beams have higher stiffness and strength compared to mechanical fasteners. This paper discusses the experimental results of symmetrical push-out tests on 3 different types of connector, 150mm rectangular notch with 10mm diameter screw, 100mm rectangular notch with 8mm diameter screw and 100mm triangular notch with 8mm diameter screw. The experimental test was shear push out to failure and the type of failure was discussed. The 150mm rectangular notch was found to be strongest among all and low cost. The 100mm rectangular notch was found to be slightly stiffer than 100mm triangular notch but 100mm triangular notch is easier to construct with only 2 cut. The maximum strength and stiffness at ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states of each type of connection were discussed in this paper.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is currently being used by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry in Malaysia. It has been introduced by the Director of Public Works Department (PWD) in 2007 to reduce construction costs and avoid design problems. BIM utilization in construction can detect any clash analysis during the design stage, improves efficiency of project scheduling, reduce costs and ensure high quality of the project as well as facilitate communication among construction players. Since it has been introduced by the PWD, several projects have been constructed and being constructed using BIM and one of the project is The National Cancer Institute (NCI). The project is owned by the Malaysian government. This paper discusses the application of BIM in the project, the first project launched by the Malaysian government. A literature review was conducted to explore previous BIM studies on the history of BIM, benefits and importance, barriers and challenges as well as existing BIM projects in the Malaysian construction industry. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the client, consultant and contractor involved in the project. The interviews results reveal necessities and benefits of implementing BIM in completing the project. BIM is necessary for construction because its implementation can increase project quality. It is useful in assisting construction players to complete projects successfully. The results provide clear evidence of the effectiveness of implementing BIM in government projects. This paper can serve as a reference for critical studies of developing a strategy approach model for BIM implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.

ISO 14649 standard, commonly recognized as STEP-NC is a data model interface for computer numerical controllers. STEP-NC goes much further that G codes and has a more comprehensive data model that overcomes the lack of process information in ISO 6983 files (G codes programming). The STEP compliant approach brings the possibility to integrate the machine controller to the overall enterprise information network, with the intention of having bi-directional data flow. This will provide the novel capability for upstream feedback of information from the numerical controller to the design and process areas in the process planning and manufacturing. This paper presents the key concepts of the proposed STEP Convertor of the STEP-CNC Mapping System. The objective of the main system is to take a generic STEP file as the input to drive a CNC machine tool. The main system is broken down into two main sub-systems, STEP Convertor and STEP-NC Translator. This paper will focus solely on the information structure and conceptualization of the STEP Convertor.

The use of biopetrol fuel as alternative fuels in gasoline engine has been around for many years and Ethanol-petrol has the potential to be used as alternative fuel that can reduce the total CO2emission from internal petrol engine. However, the changes of bio-petrol is a very complex and need further understanding for researchers due to the relevance of the increase in the petroleum price and the future environmental regulation. This review paper focuses to ascertain a new approach in potential on ethanol-petrol blends operating with a petrol engine especially the effects of ethanol gas petrol blending ratio and variant types of ethanol on performance and emissions of petrol engine. It is shown that the variant in biopetrol blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. This paper presents on a review on three different types of ethanol like sugar cane, wheat and corn with various blended rates. Investigation framework study on how to complete the research is also included in this paper.Keywords: biopetrol, petrol engine, performance, emissions, biopetrol fuel properties

The use of biopetrol fuel as alternative fuels in gasoline engine has been around for many years and Ethanol-petrol has the potential to be used as alternative fuel that can reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. However, the changes of bio-petrol is a very complex and need further understanding for researchers due to the relevance of the increase in the petroleum price and the future environmental regulation. This review paper focuses to ascertain a new approach in potential on ethanol-petrol blends operating with a petrol engine especially the effects of ethanol gas petrol blending ratio and variant types of ethanol on performance and emissions of petrol engine. It is shown that the variant in biopetrol blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. This paper presents on a review on three different types of ethanol like sugar cane, wheat and corn with various blended rates. Investigation framework study on how to complete the research is also included in this paper.Keywords: biopetrol, petrol engine, performance, emissions, biopetrol fuel properties

Bio-petrol has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine in order to introduce renewable fuel and to reduce the total CO2 emissions. The present study converses the usability of ethanol as a clean and green renewable alternative fuel for spark ignition engine. This review paper emphasizes not only on the inherent properties of ethanol as a fuel but also elaborately reviews about the performance and emission characteristics of the engine considering the influences of different parameters like intake temperature and preheat bio-petrol fuel. The study reveals the understanding of the engine performance characteristics and emissions production under ethanol gas petrol blending ratio and variant types of ethanol. Furthermore, the fuel properties such as blends densities and kinematics viscosity found to increase continuously with increasing percentage of ethanol, while API gravity and heat value decreased with decreasing percentage of ethanol increase. In addition, cloud point and flash points for bio-petrol blends were found to be higher than standard gasoline fuel, while distillation curves were lower. In this paper, the performance and emission analysis carried out by different researchers from their experimental and theoretical results has been presented in brief. The review of the investigation reports found in the literature reveals that the intake temperature and preheat bio-petrol fuel have an influences on engine performance with ethanol as a blended fuel with gasoline

The increase of industrial activities and motor vehicles globally causes rise demands in fossil fuel as energy sources. Since fossil fuel is non-renewable energy, many researches have been conducted to reduce the reliance to this fossil fuel. In conjunction, the number of waste plastic and tires around the world is increasing as a result of modern application and increasing number of motor vehicle. This type of waste is hard to decays and commonly dumped onto open landfills. Utilization of waste tires and plastics can produce alternative fuel that potentially can be used in diesel engine. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of two waste source fuels known as waste plastic disposal fuel (WPDF) and tire disposal fuel (TDF) are discussed. The combustion characteristics of both fuels are compared to diesel fuel. WPDF and TDF used in this experiment are pure concentrated and not blended with diesel fuel. The experiment is conducted using single cylinder YANMAR TF120M diesel engine. The engine is operated at constant load at 20 Nm and variable speed ranged from 1200 rpm to 2400 rpm. The combustion characteristics that discussed in this paper are ignition delay and peak pressure. Both characteristic are measured at two engine speed region which is low speed (1200 rpm) and high speed (2100 rpm). From the results obtained, it can be observed that WPDF has comparable ignition delay compared to diesel fuel while TDF has longest ignition delay compared to WPDF and diesel fuel. TDF also produce highest peak pressure compared to other tested fuels. Moreover, TDF is not suitable for high speed application since it cause backfire when engine speed reach 2200 rpm.

Malaysia is one of the classic examples of a multi-ethnic society. The country is proud of its multiracial culture which makes it a model for other countries. The ubiquitous community hall in the Malaysian landscape, as it stands now, has long passed its time of usefulness. These halls are labelled with names like dewan serbaguna, dewan orang ramai or even balai raya. But as it stands today, the community hall in our midst is nothing more than a large empty space used for games like badminton or ping pong and the occa-sional event. The changing modern Malaysian society demands more of this simple out-dated facility; there must be a place for the various ethnic groups to meet and fulfil modern needs such as family days, health checks, child’s play, music lessons and many more important uses This paper strives to identify and analyse some of the architectural problems in current community centres in Malaysia with the focus on the spatial aspects and space usage. It is expected that this paper can give a clear picture of the problems faced by Malaysian community centres with some considerations and a framework to develop a new scheme for community centre development in the future.

The scope of this paper is focuses on the study of the behaviour and of the mean life of materials (solar mirrors from parabolic - trough collectors) from the field of renewable energies, using accelerated degradation/reliability testing. This paper is focused on influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, UV and salt spray) at mean life of solar mirrors from parabolic - trough collectors under accelerated testing conditions. In today’s highly competitive environment, companies are pressured to shorten their development cycles, reduce development costs and produce highly reliable products. Accelerated reliability/durability tests are a very powerful tool in achieving these goals, providing the means to observe failures more rapidly under higher-stress operating conditions while accurately predicting reliability under normal operating conditions.

This paper presents the experimental three-year learning activity developed by a group of teachers in a wind tunnel facility. The authors, leading a team of students, carried out a project consisting of the design, assembly and testing of a wind tunnel. The project included all stages of the process from its initial specifications to its final quality flow assessments, going through the calculation of each element, and the building of the whole wind tunnel. The group of (final year) students was responsible for the whole wind tunnel project as a part of their bachelor degree project. The paper focuses on the development of wind tunnel data acquisition software. This automatic tool is essential to improve the automation of the data acquisition of the wind tunnel facility systems, in particular for a 6 DOF multi-axis force/torque sensor. This work can be considered as a typical example of real engineering practice: a set of specifications that has to be modified due to the constraints imposed throughout the project, in order to obtain the final result.

The existing UPM low speed wind tunnel was usually occupied by students, who carried out their final year projects or postgraduate researches, so that there was hardly free time slot for any additional testing work. Due to this reason, a new wind tunnel project has been started recently. Some basic specifications of the new tunnel have been pre-selected before the project was started, which comprised the following design decisions: a tunnel speed of 50 m/s, a test section area of 1´1 m2, and a closed circuit tunnel type. It wouldn’t be difficult to perceive that this pre-selection was made based on some of the trade-off results among the project’s options and constraints. This paper is aimed to present a simple analysis on the design of the new tunnel, focusing only on its basic geometries. Some design decisions that have been made related to its basic geometries are analyzed and reported in this paper. This analysis may be considered as a design verification of the new tunnel or even perhaps be regarded as scientific justification for its existence.

In the event of a large crisis (think about typhoon Haiyan or the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan), a primordial task of the rescue services is the search for human survivors on the incident site. This is a complex and dangerous task, which often leads to loss of lives among the human crisis managers themselves. The introduction of unmanned search and rescue devices can offer a valuable tool to save human lives and to speed up the search and rescue process. In this context, the EU-FP7-ICARUS project [1] concentrates on the development of unmanned search and rescue technologies for detecting, locating and rescuing humans.A main factor which explains why there is so little robotic technology applied on the terrain in real-life search and rescue operations, is that the complex nature and difficult operating conditions of search and rescue operations pose heavy constraints on the mechanical design of the unmanned platforms. In this paper, we discuss the different user requirements which have an impact of the design of the mechanical systems (air, ground and marine robots). We show how these user requirements are obtained, how they are validated, how they lead to design specifications for operational prototypes which are tested in realistic operational conditions and we show how the final mechanical design specifications are derived from these different steps. An important aspect of all these design steps which is emphasized in this paper is to always keep the end-users (in this case the search and rescue workers) in the loop in order to come to realistic requirements and mechanical design specifications, ensuring the practical deployability [2] of the developed platforms.

In this paper, we present a ground robotic system which is developed to deal with rough outdoor conditions. The platform is to be used as an environmental monitoring robot for 2 main application areas: - Humanitarian demining: The vehicle is equipped with a specialized multi-channel metal detector array. An unmanned aerial system supports it for locating suspected locations of mines, which can then be confirmed by the ground vehicle. - Search and rescue: The vehicle is equipped with human victim detection sensors and a 3D camera enabling it to assess the traversability of the terrain in front of the robot in order to be able to navigate autonomously. The paper discusses both the mechanical design of these platforms as the autonomous perception capabilities on board of these vehicles.

Amid the fierce rising competition in the market, accelerating the problem solving and decision making process have become major issues in product design especially in conceptual design stage. For years, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) has been extensively applied in problem solving. In this paper, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was proposed to strengthen three major steps in TRIZ methodology namely as problem definition, root cause identification and solution generation. The integration was then structured in the form of computer-based system. The integration, application and software in AHP and TRIZ method have been discussed in this paper. This proposed support system not only provided evidence that TRIZ methodologies improved by the support of AHP and also aided the designers in early design phase such as concept, process and material selection.

Retracted paper: Galvanic coupling method has been observed to be the best method for data transmission in intra-body communication, which is proposed by Zimmerman in 1995. With the increasing transmission requirements and the development of optical fiber communication, a high speed data transmission system is required and it is possible to design an apparatus to realize the electro optic conversion. In this paper, the characteristics of the intra-body communication system are introduced. Principles and structures of the electro-optic modulation methods for intra-body communication are reviewed. Internal and external modulation methods are introduced and discussed. A system of the electro-optic and acousto-optic modulation are recommended for the intra-body communication system and discussed.

The competency of acoustic emission (AE) technique in order to predict the fatigue life of SAE 1045 carbon steel was discussed in this paper. The correlation of the AE parameter and the number of cycles to failure of the tested specimens were established via the statistical approach. In this paper, The AE hits were selected as the functional parameter. The fatigue life values were calculated using the strain-life approach of three models; Coffin-Manson, Smith-Watson Topper and Morrow. Both AE and strain signals used in the analysis were captured using the AE sensor and strain gauge that were attached to the specimen during the fatigue test. The results show that the AE technique has a good potential in assessing the fatigue life with the designed H-N curve (AE hits-number of cycles to failure curve).

Retracted paper: Intra-body communication is proposed by Zimmerman in 1995 and the galvanic coupling has been observed to be the best method for data transmission. With the increasing transmission requirements and the development of optical fiber communication, a high speed system is possible to be designed based on the Electro optic methods. In this paper, the characteristics of the intra-body communication system are introduced. Principles and structures of optic modulation for intra-body communication are reviewed. Internal and external modulation methods are introduced and discussed. A system of the electro optic modulation is recommended and discussed.

The industry of civil aviation is developing in a fast manner to occupy the increasing needs for a fast, safe and comfortable transportation. To achieve these needs, some effective programs, plans, and systems designs are required. The current reliable aircraft navigation and landing systems have relatively a low level of accuracy especially in aircraft landing stage. The best landing category could be achieved requires a runway visual range up to 50 meters and automatic landing system is not in operation yet all over the world. Aircraft navigates using Radar, Radio and Satellite navigation systems. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plans to replace legacy navigation systems with satellite based navigation technology. Currently, the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its augmentations is the main satellite navigation system used all over the world for air navigation applications. The development of aircraft navigation has been performed with the enhancement of GPS augmentation systems. In this paper, aircraft navigation systems and techniques will be presented in this paper to evaluate the integrity and reliability of each system, and to make a comparison among these systems according to accuracy, integrity and availability.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a mini multi-process micro-kernel embedded Unix-like operating system on ARM platform in technical details, including MMU and memory space mapping, init process, inter-process communication, process management, TTY and tiny shell, multi-level priority-queue schedule, and signaling. The mini OS is developed on Linux platform with GNU tool chain by the author of this paper. The architecture of the mini OS is analogous to that of Minix. Based on it, other operating system components such as file system, network management, and copy-on-write can be appended to form a full-featured embedded operating system. The mini OS can be used for both embedded system application development and related curriculum teaching.

This paper proposes a survey on smartphone security from the aspect of mobile malware, specifications related to smartphone security, and smartphone security solutions. The contribution of this paper helps people to quickly know about definition of malware, attack channels and black industry chain of smartphone security, international and domestic mobile security specification, and smartphone security solutions by security vendors.

The theory of linguistic dynamic system (LDS) focuses on modeling, analysis, control and evaluation of complex systems at a linguistic level through computing with words. The concepts, frameworks and methods in conventional dynamic systems (CDS) are adopted in research of LDS. This paper is concerned about linguistic controller design of LDS upon cell mapping concept. In view of the studies of controller design for type-I and type-II LDS and optimal fuzzy controller design and tuning methods based on cell-to-cell mapping, two approaches to construct optimal linguistic controller for LDS using cell-to-cell mapping techniques are outlined in this paper.

Frequency locked loop (FLL) plays an important role in carrier synchronization because of its excellent dynamic performance. However, it performs inadequately in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, the principle of stochastic resonance (SR) is briefly introduced and a SR processor is proposed. Based on traditional FLL, the SR processor is added before frequency discriminator in order to weaken the effect that thermal noise brings to FLL. The paper investigates the processing effect of SR. Simulation results show that the performance of improved FLL is greatly improved. It can tolerate rather high dynamics and tracking accuracy of frequency achieve 0.2Hz even with CNR as low as 25 dBHz, which verified the validity of above ideas.

The city traffic control system and traffic guidance system are two important subsystems of Intelligent Transportation Systems, also main means of the city traffic management. This paper studies the method of control and guidance system coordination for a specific local area, usually 2-6 signalized intersections, places a detailed analysis from the signal phase changes, guidance information display and other aspects of information to ensure the practical feasibility of the method. This paper presents a systematic approach to ensure interoperability in a variety of state regional road traffic running smoothly and orderly, reduce the incidence of congestion, to avoid further deterioration of the congestion, improving the efficiency of the vehicle access to and pass through the region.

In this paper, the model based on Petri Nets about maintenance and support of military aviation equipment is researched. And this paper analyzes its process and puts forward a simulation model based on Petri net. This model not only considers most factors in the process, but also appends other elements easily. The model can be applied to the research on maintenance and support of military aviation equipment, or be used for a part of higher level military simulation system.

The paper propose a design of the local data transmission between human body physiological parameters acquisition terminal and local intelligent monitoring terminal based on the wireless transmission technique of Zigbee and Bluetooth. In order to realize the remote transmission between Local medical monitoring terminal and remote intelligent monitoring terminal, the paper give network solutions for distal doctors to provide remote treatment. The program of monitoring terminal introduces the data processing mechanism Handler and class AsyncTask to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data, and this can also reduce the complexity of algorithm.

Drawbead are often used to control the flow of material, stress and deep drawing force in the flange area. This paper discussed the drawbead (fully, not fully and without drawbead) that combined with variations in the blank holder force against restriction of material flow and drawbead restriction force of deep drawing with palm oil lubrication. In this paper, analytical and experiments are used to predict the drawbead restraining and deep drawing force. The tin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm is used as speciment. The results obtained, that the application fully drawbead be very effective in controlling the flow of materials in the flange, as compared to not fully and without drawbead. In the beginning of the process (punch stroke < 4 mm), the magnitude of restraining force and deep drawing force can be increased. And, the magnitude of Radial Stress increases, conversely the magnitude of tangential stress decreased. This can prevent the occurrence optimum blank holder force is recommended in range 4394-8788 N. Comparisons of results between the analysis and experiments show the phenomenon is similar.

The medical health insurance claims application case the inspection usually relies on experts’ experience for verification and experienced personnel in charge for checking. This paper takes advantage of data-mining technology to design models and find out cases requiring for manual inspection so as to save time and manpower. By the analysis of the 20/80 principle and the coverage and accuracy ratio, a great number of periodic data (over 2 million records) are fed back to the data-mining models after repetitive verification. Also, it is discovered that to integrate the data-mining technology and feed back to different business stages so as to establish early warning system will be an important topic for the health insurance system in hospital’s EMR in the future. Meanwhile, as the information acquired by data-mining needs to be stored and the traditional database technology has limitations. Next time, this paper explores the ontology framework to be set up by semantic network technology in the future in order to assist the storage of knowledge gained by data-mining.

Automatic seal imprint identification system is highly demanded in oriental countries. Even though several seal identification techniques have been proposed, it is seldom to find the papers on the recovery of lost seal imprint strokes caused by superimposition. In this paper, a new seal verification for Chinese color seal is proposed. This approach segments the seal imprint from the input image in terms of the adaptive thresholds. The lost seal imprint strokes are recovered based on the text stroke width that can be detected automatically. In addition, the moment-based seal verification is to compare the reference seal imprint and the recovered one. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to correctly and efficiently verify the genuine and forgery seal imprint.

To improve the efficiency of printing or coating processes for paper products the velocity of the web and the roller width can be increased. However, these measures bring about deformations of the rollers, heating effects and streak print defects due to undesirable oscillations. This paper presents new sensor technologies for measuring the axial and circumferential distribution of contact pressure along the nip. This work is required for further research on active vibration damping of rollers. The sensors are applied underneath the elastomer covering of the rollers and must be applied without affecting mechanical features or causing a fall off in the quality of the product. In the paper different new measurement techniques are evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art technologies considering dynamic behaviour, sensitivity, linearity, applicability and accuracy. The sensors are integrated into a test rig simulating the rollers of a printing or coating machine. The results are presented in detail and an outlook is given on further research towards active vibration damping.

Higher power consumption in data centers results in more heat dissipation, cooling costs and degrades the system reliability. Conventional power reduction techniques such as dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVS/DFS) have disadvantages when they are ported to current data centers with virtualization deployments. In this paper, we give a short survey and discussion on some issues and aspects of DVS/DFS in data centers. This paper also presents a simple comparison of four power management schemes in virtualization environments.

An inverse artificial neural network (ANN) assessment for locating defects in bars with or without notches is presented in the paper. Postulated void defects of 1mm x 1mm were introduced into bars that were impacted with an impulse step load; the resultant elastic waves propagate impinging on the defects. The resultant transient strain field was analyzed using the finite element method. Transient strain data was collected at nodal points or sensors locations on the boundary of the bars and used to train and assess ANNs. The paper demonstrates quantitatively, the effects of features such as the design of ANN, sensing parameters such as number of data collection points, and the effect of geometric features such as notches in the bars.

There is increasing awareness of life cycle costing (LCC) by the management who has lengthy experience in the operation and maintenance of the building. Maintenance of buildings includes a replacement, updating, and repair building components by predetermined standards. This paper aim at developing a prototype of building maintenance system for a campus in Yogyakarta. The prototype is referred to ISO 15686 as well as Regulation of Minister of Public Works. The system complements the service life of the building components that can be up dated regularly. The system accommodates the 25-years life cycle cost plan to assist campus management office. Research data obtained by Building Maintenance personals, the users of the building as well as previous studies for similar ones. From the results of life cycle costing, the study shows its detail life cycle cost plan.. Finally, a prototype for the operation and maintenance of the building is developed. Keywords: operation and maintenance, campus building, ISO 15686, life cycle costing

Implementing monitoring over construction process of old bridge’s reinforcement serves as an important measure to ensure construction quality and safety and realize the goal of reinforcement. This paper, with a case study of the maintenance and reinforcement project of Zhicheng Yangtze River Bridge (steel truss highway-railway combined bridge), adopted MIDAS to establish finite element analysis model, and with stress and deformation as monitoring parameters, completed the construction monitoring work, numerical simulation analysis and site test for the reinforcement project.

Rising energy costs and volatile energy prices are motivation to integrate energy consumption with planning processes in manufacturing. Since centralized approaches for Manufacturing Control (MC) tend to ignore local energy related information, it is necessary to examine the potential of decentralized MC approaches. For this purpose, a factory simulation tool has been implemented. This paper presents the underlying assumptions behind the simulation tool and how the MC algorithms it uses are implemented using an agent-based simulation approach.

The wear behavior of cutting tools directly affects the quality of the machined part. The measurement and evaluation of wear is a time consuming and process and is subjective. Therefore, an image-based wear measure that can be computed automatically based on given image series of cutting tools and an objective way to review the resulting wear is presented in this paper. The presented method follows the industrial vision system pipeline where images of cutting tools are used as input which are then transformed through suitable image processing methods to prepare them for the computation of a novel image based wear measure. For multiple cutting tool settings a comparative visualization of the wear measure outputs is presented. The effectiveness of the presented approach is shown by applying the method to measure the wear of four different cutting tool shapes.

For decades, multiple lighting simulation software packages and plugins for commercial software have been developed in an effort to ease the usage and integration of simulation into the lighting design process. In this effort, one of the main challenges is to provide lighting designers with an easy and comprehensive access to simulation results. Visualization is used as a means to achieve this goal. In this paper, we explore two of the most used free lighting simulation packages towards the identification of visualization techniques that facilitate the access to the simulation results as well as the identification of opportunities for the enhancement of simulation-assisted lighting design processes. A test case of a metal workshop illustrates the output produced by both software packages. Based on this exploration, we identified an open gap regarding three main aspects: interactive exploration of simulation results, visualization of compliance with lighting standards, and visual comparison of lighting solutions. We provide a discussion on how approaches from other domains can be applied to close this gap.

The challenging for buyers around the globe to identify good quality of Durian. For several kinds of Durian, it may be difficult for buyers to determine the Durian quality by appearance. The ability to select only good quality Durian without cutting or cleaving is useful because buyers will not waste money ordering undesirable Durian.This paper proposes a nondestructive technique to determine the stages of maturity of durian fruits. The presented methodology utilizes the concept of pattern matching. We used the local knocking equipment to knock the durian for knocked-sound. After that the knocked-sound was analyzed and generated to Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) that is used to train data for the classifier. Feed-Forward Neural Network was used for the classifier and can effectively classification the stages of maturity of durian fruits with accuracy rate more than 82%.

In recent years, solar water heating technology has got the major importance in water heating applications. For the efficient and effective working of solar water heaters, storage of the hot water is the main issue in this water heating technologies. This paper mainly presents the exergy and efficiency comparison between the solar flat plate water heater and evacuated tube water heater. A five level stratified thermal storage tank is designed and developed for this analysis. At each level of the tank, temperature of the water is collected for each one hour interval from 9:00 to 16:00 hours in both cases and the overall exergy and efficiency of the two water heaters were calculated. The average efficiency of all the levels for flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are 7.91% and 8.20% respectively. The overall system efficiency is obtained as 39.54% for flat plate and 41.00% for evacuated tube solar collector. At each level exergy is calculate for both systems and the average exergy of all the levels for flat plate collector is 4.243 kW and for evacuated tube solar collector is 4.371 kW.

As the energy demand increases the power industry has to enhance both efficiency and environmental sustainability of power plants by increasing the operating temperature. The accurate creep fatigue life assessment is important for the safe operation and design of current and future power plant stations. This paper proposes a practical creep fatigue life assessment case of study by the Linear Matching Method (LMM) framework. The LMM for extended Direct Steady Cycle Analysis (eDSCA) has been adopted to calculate the creep fatigue responses due to the cyclic loading under high temperature conditions. A pipe intersection with dissimilar material joint, subjected to high cycling temperature and constant pressure steam, is used as an example. The closed end condition is considered at both ends of main and branch pipes. The impact of the material mismatch, transitional thermal load, and creep dwell on the failure mechanism and location within the intersection is investigated. All the results demonstrate the capability of the method, and how a direct method is able to support engineers in the assessment and design of high temperature component in a complex loading scenario.

Impulse facilities generate transient high-velocity gas flows for ground testing in aerodynamics. The expansion tube is the facility type with the highest performance capability in terms of total flow enthalpy and total pressure, and is particularly useful for studies of atmospheric re-entry, chemical kinetics, scramjet flight and supersonic combustion. In operation, a thin film diaphragm that initially partitions two tube sections is required to rupture under the force of a shock-wave. Fragmented pieces are accelerated with the flow and can damage test models and instrumentation, and the rupture process itself affects flow properties. It has been proposed to replace the diaphragm with a fast open valve that clears the tube prior to shock arrival. This paper investigates the effect of early valve opening on the test flow.An inviscid, axisymmetric model was created using Eilmer3, a compressible CFD solver developed at the University of Queensland. Early valve opening was simulated at varying times for instantaneous diaphragm removal. The result was the formation of a secondary shock and expansion wave. The primary shockwave reaches the test section at a higher velocity due to passing through the expansion wave, creating a faster, higher-pressure test flow, but also higher temperature, leading to substantially reduced Mach number. The interactions with the secondary waves were found to cause unsteadiness in test flow properties.