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Coronavirus diseases 2021 (COVID-19) on going situation in Iraq is characterized in this paper. The pandemic handling by the government and the difficulties of public health measures enforcement in Iraq. Estimation of the COVID-19 data set was performed. Iraq is endangered to the pandemic, like the rest of the world besides sharing borders with hotspot neighbouring country Iran. The government of Iraq launched proactive measures in an attempt to prevent the viral spread. Nevertheless, reports of new cases keep escalating leaving the public health officials racing to take more firm constriction to face the pandemic. The paper bring forth the current COVID-19 scenario in Iraq, the government measures towards the public health challenges, and the future potential health risks that may emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful technique used for measuring and monitoring surface deformation due to natural hazards. It combines Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with interferometry and is used to detect small changes in surface deformation over time, regardless of weather or time of day. InSAR is extensively used to monitor and measure earthquakes, volcanoes, and land subsidence. This paper reviews the application of InSAR in earthquake monitoring and deformation analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrate the effectiveness of InSAR in detecting and monitoring ground deformation caused by earthquakes. The use of advanced remote sensing technology and data processing techniques have enabled the detection of deformation at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolutions. Additionally, the paper provides a case study of a 6.3 Mw earthquake event in 2018, discussing the fault type and displacement map generated through InSAR technology. In conclusion, InSAR is a valuable tool in natural hazard monitoring and has wide-ranging applications from structural engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demarcation of international borders is an essential issue. Although this can manage between neighboring countries, sometimes disputes may lead to many wars and problems. However, this can be solved officially by negotiation between the two sides; the actual solution required the determination of the exact borderline with pillars' positions. Consequently, a series of positioning computations are required, followed by field works to fixing these locations practically. This procedure can be achieved efficiently by geomatics techniques. This paper analyses the delimitation of the Iraq-Iran borders according to the 1975 Treaty. To highlight the borders demarcation problems and their solutions, the case study is the Shalamcha Border crossing area at Basrah, south of Iraq. In this area, a new proposed railroad connects the two countries, which required identifying the exact locations of borderline and frontiers pillars. The available data were extracted by modern geomatics techniques based on aerial photos taken in 1975 and approval maps of the Treaty. Thus, digital aerial triangulation was used (i.e. Bundle Adjustment based on Leica photogrammetry system) to produce orthorectified images. The derived positions on these images were checked by the observations of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The final results show differences between the existing borderline and the derived one. This means that the positions of existing borderline and marker pillars do not match the delimitation in the 1975 Treaty. Consequently, there is a 220m of Iranian overstepping towards Iraq, which means the existing borderline required shifting and reconsideration in the railroad locations at border crossing points. Finally, the whole borderline is required checking and re- demarcations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]