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Environmental affecting wastages such as plastic wrappers, plastic bottles, and some foodstuffs are generated and disposed through the windows by the passengers during the journey. The average person generates 1.95 kilograms of waste per day. This should never let our environment to degrade day-by-day, the society should provide the solution which makes our India a waste-free zone, and this paper gives an extent impact on waste collection and its reduction during train travel, in which the waste collector set-up is planned to fix outside to the train window. In the waste collector, the hinged support collector is extended along the length of compartments on either side of the train, which is planned to make of aluminum alloys. The passenger can use the door mechanism to dispose their waste as in the dustbin, and thereby the wastages are easily collected with the help of screwing mechanism for further action. The outside implementation of the waste collector may chance to affect the aerodynamic performance of the train, so the aerodynamic study on the train with the waste collector is mandatory to ensure the train's dynamic stability. In order to study the aerodynamic performance of the train with waste collector, CFD simulation and experimental testing are carried out. In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the reference component is modeled with the CATIA and simulations are carried out in the Ansys Workbench 16.2. The 1/45 scaled model of the train with and without waste collector is tested experimentally in a wind tunnel and the results are compared with numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered corona virus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This paper focuses on a Time Series Model to predict COVID-19 Outbreaks in India. Every day data of fresh COVID-19 confirmed cases act as an exogenous factor in this frame. Our data envelops the time period from 01st Sep, 2020 to 9th Dec, 2020. COVID-19 Corona virus disease has been recognized as a worldwide hazard, and most of the studies are being conducted using diverse mathematical techniques to forecast the probable evolution of this outbreak. These mathematical models based on various factors and analyses are subject to potential bias. Here, we put forward a natural Times Series (TS) model that could be very useful to predict the spread of COVID-19. Here, a popular method Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) TS model is performed on the real COVID-19 data set to predict the outbreak trend of the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 in.India. The time series under study is a non-stationary. Results obtained in the study revealed that the ARIMA model has a strong potential for prediction. The model predicted maximum COVID-19 cases in India at around 14, 22,337 with an interval (12, 80,352 - 15, 69, 817) during 1st Sep to 9th Dec period cumulatively. As per the model, the number of new cases shall fluctuate drastically in India. The results will help governments to make necessary arrangements as per the estimated cases. This kind of analysis and implications of ARIMA models and fitting procedures are useful in forecasting COVID-19 Outbreaks in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To format Day to day technology is increasing and many people are using the various smart devices to check the blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat and oxygen levels with the help of suitable machines or devices. When they are using many devices, it is not economical and utilization is also difficult. The recent attack in India boarders took the life of many soldiers. The soldiers mainly lose their life's due to lack of medical help in emergency. To overcome the disadvantages, most of the organizations working to develop the smart health monitoring systems. This paper is aimed to design portable, low-cost and efficient device for tracking and health monitoring of a soldier using "Internet of Things" (IoT). The system is also used for the identification of location of the people those who are using the device global positioning system (GPS). GPS receiver is used to track the location through the Satellite. This system is very useful for the soldiers for health monitoring and identification of the location using IoT based technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problem, nowadays is the novel coronavirus or covid-19 pandemic which has and still infecting people and causing the death of many around the world. Although strict and severe actions have been taken by the government of all over the world to control and minimize the spread of this virus by lockdown, suspending, all travel and sport activity, economic and social activity, quarantines, travel restriction at stations and airport, etc, many of the people around the world have lost their lives and many are suffering. Recently, a conducted study has reported that in China the number of cases that were not documented is 79% as they show no symptom of the virus. In many other countries, the real representation of the patient infected by the virus was different from the real number which was higher in number. Hence, patients with asymptomatic conditions are the major reason for the fast and large covid-19 spread and are also the major reason that caused the people too afraid of the situation. To contribute this global pandemic, in this paper, we propose an investigation which is IoT based system designed to detect both symptomatic-asymptomatic infected people, undocumented, and the place of the pandemic. The aim is to make the authority and people aware of the situation by providing the total numbers of the cases registered, totally recovered, and death of the people caused by the pandemic. In the proposed system, we have used the IoT (internet of things) technology with the NODEMCU-ESP8266, LCD, and Wi- Fi connection to provide information of the important numbers of the patients of covid: cases, recovery, and death of the people in India. This system may keep people more informative, protected, and aware of the danger of the virus so they can take care of themselves and their families in every possible way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming is the major work which is considered as a culture instead like job and farming is the back bone of our economy as farming is the means which carried forth human advancement. India is nation which shows more interest towards farming and also grows all types of crops and its economy generally dependent on harvest profitability. Subsequently we can say that agriculture is major support for all business in our nation. Choosing of each harvest is significant in the choosing as each and every state in India grow various crop and the climate also varies from state to state. The choice of crop will depend on the various factors like, value of the crop, price given by the government, weather conditions and the price given by the private market buyers. Numerous progressions are needed in the field of agriculture to improve the benefit to Indian economy. We can improve agriculture by implementing AI mechanisms which can be same are defficiently on various cultivating areas. With all the advancements in the areas of machines and their improvements we can use them in cultivating the valuable and detailed data concerning various issues in addition to assuming the critical part in it. This paper helps use to getting an idea towards executing all the harvest based strategy with the ambitious techniques that helps in enchanting the maintenance of numerous agriculture and agriculture field issues. This helps the farmers to choose a best crop which helps them getting profit and also helps to increase our nation's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health tourism refers to people seeking medical care in a country other than their own. The key goal of medical tourism is to provide 'cost-effective' private medical services for patients who need surgical and other types of specialized treatment in cooperation with the tourism industry.Several international and domestic tourists prefer Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Gujarat for medical services and tourism. The nature and importance of medical tourism in India are discussed in this paper. It also demonstrates the difficulties that health travelers in India face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) is among the growing phenomena with opportunities for creating ventures with the use of technology.Research has shown that many IoT deployments has the potential to serveindustry, enhance innovation, build required infrastructure for smart cities and is capable in generating affordable and clean energy along with a responsible production and consumption.The concept of building smart cities is in progress in India and the government is actively concentrating in building these smart cities as part of digital India. This has opened a gateway of opportunities for small and medium firms engaged in technical and internet enterprises. It is important for the nation to encourage small and medium firms to grow and develop. This paper aims to identify the opportunities in IoT based technologies. The study is based on past research on entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of IoT. The focus is on emerging venture opportunities in IoT technologies in relation to smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using metrics to improve employee productivity, the world is shifting toward Evidence Based Decision Making in all fields. With the rapid advancement of information technology, businesses are increasingly turning to quantitative decision-making, including in areas such as human resources, which previously relied heavily on qualitative decision-making. A number of research studies indicate that metrics-based decision making is essential for successful workforce management. This paper presents the authors' experiences through a fascinating case study conducted in a medium-sized manufacturing enterprise (MSME) in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. This study uses qualitative approach. The owner, production manager and HR manager were interviewed and success factors were arrived. Then appropriate KPIs were identified. The focus of the study was to develop a handy metric model to help HR executives in their decision process. The model was arrived after a two-stage process. Initially, based on the literature backup and relevancy to the industry, a set of KPIs and appropriate HR metrics were identified. This article has thrown light on how evidence-based decision making by leveraging 'metrics' can be carried out for measuring workforce effectiveness and leads to take consistent human performance decisions. It also assists HR professionals in implementing and measuring the efficacy of HR roles in their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the essential aspects in any country's development, as it provides the major source of food, employment, for its importance in nation's revenue and international Trades. India is one such country which depends on agriculture for its economic growth. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18% of the country's GDP and it provides employment for more than 50% of rural population. As many of the Indian farmers are still using the traditional technologies in farming which are integrated more with hard work than smart work, most of the youth in India are not interested towards the agriculture. As the technology is enhancing day by day, the agriculture sector will also certainly need to adopt new trends and technologies into it, so as to increase the productivity and profits. One such way is to transform our traditional agricultural practices into smart farming by introducing drones into the farming to not only drag the attention, interest among the young people towards the agriculture but also to increase the productivity and profits. We can make the efficient use of drones in monitoring overall crops health, while inputting the seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and in detecting the threats like weeds, pest, fungi quickly. This paper will discuss about the importance and advantages of usage of the drones in Indian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry plays an important role in socio-economy development of any developing country. world over, transportation infrastructure projects face delays in commissioning and India is no exception. The time of construction is a benchmark for assessing the project performance. Some of the unexpected activities during project the led to delay in project completion duration. Construction projects delay was considered as the most common problems causing negative effects in the construction projects. In this project we identify the important delay causing factors in the commissioning of metro rail projects in India. In India, several metro rail construction projects experiencing more delays, due to that the initially fixed delivery duration and expenses also exceeded. "delay can be defined as the time overrun or the extension of time for finishing the project". This paper aims to find out the most significant factors causing delays in Indian metro rail projects through literature review and questionnaire survey. From the literature review 117 causes of delays categorized into 9 different groups, 27 effects were acknowledged and it also rankings given by each authors for the delaying factors aren't an equivalent to varying native and context. Further, the survey is conducted with the participants (contractors, client, consultants and others) of Indian construction. Calculation of relative importance index (rii) for the shortlisted factors yielded the ranking. The ranking by various categories of respondents was analyzed using importance index method (impi%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bancassurance is preferred by consumers because of the relationship and trust that they developed with the bank, especially the local branch. Another important aspect that can really boost this system is digitization. Embracing new technology and digitization can help in easy availability for consumers and boosting up of sales of this productBancassurance is a strategic arrangement which includes insurance services offered to the customers along with the various other financial services. In this paper we discuss about Bancassurance implementation and its stakeholders such as banks, distribution channel, insurance services, financial services, service quality. After emergence Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation (LPG), financial sector as a whole seen a drastic change with regard to products and services. Modern banks are providing holistic financial services and are for away from mere deposit takers and financial vendors. The continuous onus to better service and market share resulted in the banks penetrating into other modes financial services. Distribution channel plays business Insurance is one such area where it employs 10 various channels of distribution but the contribution to the success of insurance penetration by each channel is very less and few channels such as agents and bancassurance have contributed significantly on the insurance penetration. Bancassurance has a better scope compared to other channels as it enjoys competitive advantage over them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was considered to be a move towards cashless economy and promotion of digital transactions. Is it possible in the case of India? Because India is one of the developing nation and many area requires development. From this view point, this research paper is an attempt to identify the attitude of people towards digital payment with special reference to card payment. The study was based on rural people consisting 150 respondents from Kerala. This research will helpful for policymakers and government to take decisions effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about COVID – 19's impact on student's literacy due to their Parents' unemployment. It describes the Unemployment rate in India, and describes the way people can manage to give educational impartment to their children. Since March of 1616, the Schools and Colleges have been closed as a precautionary measure to bridle the Corona virus. Because of that many schools and colleges have started the concept of E-Learning and it has become a part of the teaching. Though E-Learning is a good concept; multiple students in India can't afford it due to their poverty and lack of resources like Internet Connection and other electronic devices. The study's aim is to explore the concern of the parents' during the lockdown and their perspective on the concept of E-learning or Online learning. This study adopted Qualitative research design. For data collection, structured questionnaire was used, responses were collected from the head of the family [either with father or mother] [N=30]. Findings of the study describe; the new episodes of Corona virus had drastically affected all the sectors of people starting from the higher section to the lower ones. Closure of all the work area was made people to be unemployed for more than 3 months. Unemployment was made them stressful; get into depression and other psychological issues. The finding concerns about the future students and the parent's inability in paying the fees. Participants said that their income was reduced to half the amount due to the virus destruction, thus they can't manage the situation with one person's income in a family. Opportunities to find a better remedy for the participants were given in the suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is one of the important cash crops and plays a good role in the agricultural economy of India and it provides livelihood to more than 6 million farmers. But one major disadvantage is that cotton crop is highly prone to pests and diseases and approximately 30-35% of the yield gets corrupted because of this. Therefore, early detection of diseases is necessary because detecting diseases at an advance stage leads to crop failure. Thus, utilising the advancement in computer vision and machine learning can be of great benefit to the agriculture sector. This paper focuses on application of Mask-RCNN object detection algorithm which is based on instance segmentation to identify the pests and diseases on cotton leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate analytically the non-linear structure and extent of complexity and chaos in public and private sector Bank Stocks as well as the indices: NIFTY and Bank NIFTY in India. In this paper, analysis of the time series was performed using the Wolf algorithm along with optimization using FET and BASGEN algorithms for numerical evaluation of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic discovered in 2019 was caused through Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is spreading rapidly as a communicable disease which has been declared as a pandemic by WHO. This virus was firstly reported in people of China who were associated with the Huanan seafood wholesale market of Wuhan. COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the lives of millions of people in India butdiabetic patients are at high risk of hospitalization and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. So, they need to deal effectively with the difficulty of its treatment as diabetes acts as a risk factor for the severity of this disease. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the information given by 125 diabetic patients in India. The effect of this information was determined through analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Further, a bibliometric analysis of 51 Indian publications indexed in Scopus related to diabetic patients having COVID-19 was also conducted. The aim of this paper is to briefly study the effect of coronavirus on diabetic people as well as to study the recent research trends of present researches togive a better knowledge of COVID-19 in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) which are more feasible and efficient to determine the uncertainty and impreciseness in various multicriteria decision making problems. This paper presents the new entropy proposed on Pythagorean fuzzy set. The various aspects of the proposed entropy are studied and presented in the given communication. Further, TOPSIS method has been used to solve the multicriteria decision making problems with new entropy, when information about the weights is completely unknown. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed entropy is significantly illustrated by an example based upon the national institutional ranking framework for the best academic institution in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical cluster analysis is commonly recommended as a practical method in identifying significant clusters within samples that can superficially appear homogeneous. The present paper provided a theoretical historical past to hierarchical clustering, specifically outlining the assessment of hierarchical clustering strategies with the aid of cophenetic correlation, figuring out the premiere number of clusters by way of elbow approach, silhouette and gap statistic and illustration of dissimilarity analysis. The empirical study is carried out through the use of grain yield and its component characteristics data of fifty maize genotypes in the North-West plain zone of India had been accrued from the annual maize progress report Kharif 2018, All India Coordinated Research Project on Maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced approach in recent times in the manufacturing industries has been trying to explore its way to survive in the present competitive market. Some of the factors which influence the industries are cost, production, availability of resources, employer's empowerment, to come back after the failure and loss in production, shortcomings in the labor and resource are some of the factors which have influenced more attention. The concept has been used by many industrial sectors. Total productive maintenance is based on 8 pillars. TPM can be successfully implemented only after having complete knowledge about the concept. In this research paper, the pillars of TPM will be ranked based on 4 parameters they are the quality-Q, cost-C, delivery in time-D, and productivity-P by utilizing AHP which is commonly known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is the decision-making methodology that can be used for multiple purposes. In this research pairwise comparison was made with 8 pillars of TPM through AHP by taking into consideration the automobile industries in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent crop prediction for farmland using real-time sensor data and machine learning. As an agricultural country, the majority of India's population and economy are dependent on agricultural yield growth, which is in turn reliant on soil variables as well as climate factors like temperature and precipitation. Crop production can be increased by technological advancements in agriculture like remote sensing systems and IoT. Further machine learning is used to also used in this project to predict the type of plant that is better suited to be cultivated by integrating sensors such as pH, moisture, rainfall, temperature, and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, in the present paper, we introduce a new concept of T2-strong convergence of numerical sequences by generaliz- ing the concept of T -strong convergence, defined by Srivastava and Singh [S.K. Srivastava and U. Singh, On T-Strong Convergence of Numerical Sequences and Fourier Series. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci. 88, 571-576 (2018)]. We also give a relationship among T -strong convergence, T2-strong convergence and ordinary convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to obtain a new exclusion based inflation measure for India based on CPI components with 90 percent of the weight in the headline inflation, performing better than the existing exclusion based inflation measures. The core inflation computed through conventional exclusion based measure, i.e. excluding food, excluding energy and excluding food and energy perform worse in tracking the underlying trend of headline inflation. The core inflation computed excluding food, excluding food and energy represents components with less than 60 percent of the weight in headline CPI which is less compared to the 80 percent average of most countries. The core inflation computed excluding energy fails to remove volatility part of the headline CPI. Nonetheless, exclusion based measures are simple and transparent. This study aims to find optimal core inflation excluding food commodities that represent less than 10 percent of the weight in headline CPI. This study uses 88 monthly price indices which are constituent components of the Consumer Price Index from the period January 2012 to April 2019, with 2011–2012 as the base year. Several estimators based on exclusion based approach are considered and tested by various volatility conditions. The study results in an exclusion based inflation measure performing considerably better than the conventional excluding measure in removing volatility and tracking the trend of headline inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to research the potential of bamboo as building material for various structures especially in buildings. During the research, I tried to put up facts regarding properties of bamboo as building material and comparison with conventional building material based on literature from India and abroad. Building construction activities consumes a lot of resources in terms of material or monitory aspects to procure it. If we may able to use bamboo as main stream building material and cut short the construction bills in big way that will be an excellent situation for clients, farmers who produces bamboo etc. The most encouraging and important aspect is we can reduce ‘Carbon foot print’ of construction process, as bamboo is ‘Natural material with very low embodied energy’ to save our planet Earth from the menace of ‘Global Warming’ with reference to present concern of the whole world and individual ‘Climate change and Carbon emission’. Another objective of this paper is to spread awareness through academic platform amongst all stakeholders related to building construction and common man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the studies involving automobile accidents, every year, an enormous number of fatalities occur on the roads of India because of road traffic crashes on account of driver’s slip-up. Distraction caused to the vehicle driver is a well-noticed reason for this error, though less reported. The prime source for such distractions can be an outcome of general ergonomics, vehicle design, distractions from in and out of the vehicle or other psychological factors. With the fast development of in-vehicle systems and infotainment gadgets, the burden associated with distracted driving is expected to increase. The objective of this paper is to review current researches in the field of driver behavior and other quirks that contribute driver distractions in Indian road conditions. The sources, influence and other contributing factors of driver distractions were analyzed and suggestions for engineering and administrative control strategies were discussed in the paper. This review also underlines the need for constant driver-vehicle interactions to avoid accidents. Further, the study justifies the focus on training strategies and technological involvements that would address the issue of driver distractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure assessment identifies the pathways by which humans are exposed to a contaminated environment and estimates the magnitude, frequency and duration of these exposures. This paper deals with exposure assessment of fecal contamination, in which exposure assessment is done with the help of the SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool. By this tool, identify the dominant pathway, a pathway that has a greater contribution to the exposure. The goal of the study was to find the dominant pathway in the study area, Ward 10 Kadakkad, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. Lack of sewer lines and sewage treatment facilities and open disposal of fecal waste in the area caused flooding up of sewage and lots of other difficulties as well as threats to the residents. Identifying the dominant transmission pathway or pathways and blocking or breaking this transmission pathway by different interventions like water, sanitation and hygiene programs improve health and also helps to prioritize sanitation investments based on the exposures that have the greatest public health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indians don't show more interest in cleaning the public restroom, rather than the restroom in their house. It plays a major issue in cleaning the restroom and sanitation has always been a major issue. It does not happen only the rural areas but in urban and semi-urban areas. Keeping the restroom clean makes us away from bacterial germs like Escherichia coli and diseases. People feels very discomfort to use the public toilet and even the cleaning person feels bad to clean and they were affected by many diseases to overcome these Automatic Toilet cleaner to clean the restroom are made to reduce the human effect and to prevent from affecting from diseases. Paper focus on Design and Analysis of Automatic Toilet cleaning machine for Indian Style toilets without human effect which can be moved and placed in the restroom and human can wait outside until the cleaning process completed which is indicated by the sound. "Right to good health and sanitation" is one of the important goals to be achieved. 'Clean and smart India' this may one of the solution for it. The system automatically cleans the toilet with the help of motorized brush. "Cleanliness is next to godliness" according to it keeping clean is our responsibility and make a hygienic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the requirement of infrastructure construction, the importunity for producing the concrete is increasing daily. In fact, OPC synthesis utilizes a large amount of natural resources and energy, and it's also discharge a carbon dioxide into air. Therefore, Alternatives must be found to make the concrete as environmentally friendly. So, the researchers focused and adopted the Geo-polymers. Geo-polymers are inorganic alumino-silicate compounds are the raw materials for geo-polymer binders that are abundantly available in India, but their development has so far been limited. Various parameters were examined in the study, namely the ratio of fly ash, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, curing time, curing temperature and percentage of the GGBS added. The geo-polymer substantial boundaries for this paper are at not entirely settled by preliminary projecting, like fastener (fly ash: GGBS), molar substance is 8M, the proportion of Na2SiO3/NaOH is 1.5, the proportion of fluid to cover is 0.5. And micro-structural analysis has been taken for the casted specimen. The experimental outcomes show that the compressive, split tensile, flexural test with the materials and grouping of sodium hydroxide arrangement. It was additionally seen that, the water content in the geo-polymer substantial combination is assumes a significant part in accomplishing the ideal compressive strength. Then we compare the values of normal concrete, fly-ash, fly-ash with GGBS and 3D printing concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 refers to a complete transformation from machine-governing manufacturing to an automated network-linked system. Industry 4.0 standards need to be recognized to convert effectively, and obvious procedures should be spawned and executed. The present study answers the recent wails for Industry 4.0 and its implications for the future compatibility of the cement industry. The paper used Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural-equation-modelling to assess the degree to which selected factors to Industry 4.0 espousal. This study set up five hypotheses by choosing 21 variables in the frame specified with a sample of 380 respondents from five key cement industry players. The results of SEM underline the relative significance of the manifest chosen for augmenting the sustainable growth of the cement industry. The empirical work delivers a vibrant indicator of the pluses of identifying the necessary constructs of Industry 4.0 and their interactions in producing admirable operations. These results can offer useful comprehension to top managers executives/engineers who want to comprehend the effects of industry 4.0 on the firm's sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers of banks are planned and executed under strategic expertise to optimize the performance of entities and the success of these mergers is a matter of concern, not only for all market players, rather for the governments also, for economic development and targeting best utilization of resources. The State bank of India (SBI) is a multinational Indian public sector bank, operating in India, with major market share as well as total loans. The State banks group, comprising of SBI and its associates, in India has seen many mergers in the last decade, especially a grand merger in 2017, when five associates of state bank group, were merged in State Bank of India. This paper examines empirically, the impact of these mergers in terms of efficiency increase for SBI, using super efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA), for a year wise relative efficiency evaluation, by analyzing the overall pre-merger and post-merger productivity, with a purpose to identify any significant rise in efficiency, in post-merger performance as compared to the pre-merger performance. This study endeavors to contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical research related to mergers. For the analysis, the present study uses the data for the variables owned funds, borrowings, deposits, wage bills, spread and other income for the SBI and its associates along with four other top performing public sector banks as per market capitalization at Bombay stock exchange, for the time period starting from 2015 through 2020. The findings reveal that the grand merger of 2017 resulted in a robust banking network of SBI, providing a stable position to the bank, on global level. Also, it sustained the weakly performing associates of the State bank group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is a valuable natural resource that is vital to preserving environmental equilibrium. For the purpose of this paper, the dielectric constant of soil was examined in its physical elements and available nutrients. A soil sample from the Dantewada area discusses the link between Physio-chemical parameters and the dielectric constant. Dantewada district soil samples were gathered at many places, including the NMDC Dantewada agricultural area (Villages-Kirandul, Bade-Bacheli, Bacheli, Bhanshi). In addition, the electrical conductivity and dielectric potential of soil samples allowed researchers to investigate several chemical parameters, including the relative proportions of clay and silt in the soil. These findings revealed that soils' physical and chemical qualities vary greatly depending on where they are found. These qualities aid in a better knowledge of soil physics, agricultural applications, and remote sensing data analysis. This research also aids farmers in making the best crop choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the problems related database collection or selection in machine learning. It emphasizes on various aspects of database collection and issues one can get into while performing the collection procedure. It then discusses the second alternative method of using a premade database and how it could be an equally challenging issue, sometimes even worse. It concludes by a study of an air pollution database created in 2015 in.the state of Orissa, India which has over two thousand entries and applies different regression algorithms available analyzing the drawbacks of having data which is dense but limited to a particular location and time. This is followed by some methods through which the issues could be solved and emphasizes on the need for the issues to be solved and lack of databases in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weighty increase in the daily COVID-19 infected cases around us is frightening, and many researchers are currently working on various mathematics-based estimation models to predict the subsequent trend of this pandemic. In this paper, some trajectories of COVID-19 in. India are predicted using data available in public domain. We employed a time series model called Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model to make forecast the daily number of infected cases of COVID-19 in.near future. Our analysis predicted very alarming outcomes. A set of intense preventive measures are proposed to avoid such a deadly situation. Based on our estimations, Indian health officials should adapt warmongering interference to grasp the stepped-up growth, and cursory infection control actions at hospital levels are immediately needed to downsize the COVID-19 pandemic. If stringent precautionary measures are not implemented by Indian government to control the spread of COVID-19, then the effects may be worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melting of ferrous metals and alloys is frequently done in a cupola furnace. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of input parameters of cupola furnace such as velocity of air and amount of coke supplied to the furnace. The overall effect of these parameters are studied on parameters like melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress. The experimentation was conducted at C. P. Foundry Works which is located at central India. The experiments were performed at three levels each for melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress. It is found that the optimum performance of furnace get at velocity of 36m/s and 598 kg/hr. The maximum melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress are found as 4000 kg/hr, 1406.250C, 207MPa and 19.75 MPa respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is important component of life and without water we cannot imagine life on earth. This important requirement is being adulterated and is no more available in pure form. This increase in impurity level is main cause of health issues. Not only India all other country also suffering from same problem. We cannot ignore this problem because water is basic for human. Ground water mainly used for drinking and irrigation purpose. Poor quality of water not only affect human life but also affect crops. Chemical, physical and biological properties of water can be change due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Water pollution is hazardous to the health of humans and other organisms, so detection of pollutants is primary importance. Water pollutants are organic contaminants, chemicals, microbial parameters, micro plastics and radioactive substances, heavy metals such as Arsenic, Halogens, Nitrate, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel and iron. Pollutants can affect water properties. Spectroscopic techniques for water analysis are FTIR, NIR, Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques are qualitative and quantitative tool for detection of pollutants. Present paper focuses on the different pollutant responsible for water pollution and different spectroscopic techniques for analysis of water. This will help to recognization of pollutant in water and can take suitable step for this. This will also help in choosing best spectroscopic technique for analysis of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indisputably, building industry including brick and mortar retail markets produce waste in various stages of construction. In addition, these structures produce enormous waste when demolished, which is not utilized effectively in large amount in India. At same time in our country, construction industry is growing at fast rate and proportionately the collective construction and demolish (C&D) waste is increasing drastically. Certainly, this C&D waste is creating negative impact on environmental by escalating pollution to manyfold. Experts recommend that C&D waste should be reduced and reused considerably to make the construction industry sustainable. With new development in the fourth industrial revolution (IR4), various measures in construction industry are available which on one hand can reduce environmental pollution and on other hand have equal strength as of conventional measures. This paper will recognize topmost C&D waste produced by considering Brick & Mortar (B&M) retail markets of Ludhiana and provide insights to measures that are able to reduce waste used in construction. Further, by focusing on circular economy (CE) concept, reuse of the demolished waste in either new construction or in streetscape elements of B&M retail markets, is explored. Definitely, these measures are effective in lowering environmental pollution by reducing and reusing C&M waste in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to develop an assistive device for the visually impaired that will allow them to move more freely in unfamiliar indoor situations by recognizing household objects that may hinder their route. This solution focuses on safe navigation in unfamiliar interior environments. Human-assisted mobility and assistive aids are expensive, especially for people residing in developing countries like India. These are not affordable for the population which has a per capita GDP of 1500$. This solution aims to provide cues for movement in real-time which can be initiated by a simple obstacle detection. The basic feature of obstacle detection is to give a better experience and also be pocket-friendly. This system implements KNN, Random Forest, Decision Trees, and SVM classifiers. The proposed system analyzed that the Random Forest classifier gave the best performance accuracy for indoor obstacle detection. This system has implemented a simple guidance system that gives a tactile impulse to the user for moving in the right direction. The real-time assistive solution demonstrated 98.3% accuracy for object detection and reliable execution on a low-power device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devanagari is an ancient script that is used to write Hindi, Nepali, Marathi, Maithili, Awadhi, Newari, and Bhojpuri, among other Indo-Aryan languages. Thousands of individuals in India use this script to write documents in Marathi and Hindi. Indian mythology is based on this script. Because of the script's prominence, handwritten Devanagari character identification has grown in popularity over time. Handwritten recognition of languages such as English has received a lot of attention, but Indian languages written in the Devanagari script are also a rich source of information. Most of the work on this problem statement has been done either using deep neural networks like CNN at its heart coupled with other machine learning techniques like SVM,Random Forest etc. In this paper we are utilising a recently introduced transformer model for computer vision known as Vision Transformer for the task of Devanagari Character Recognition. We have also compared our model with various pretrained CNN-based architectures like ResNet50,VGG16 and InceptionV3 and ViT has outperformed these models both on DHCD dataset and the modified slightly more complex version of it with accuracy scores of 99.68% on the original testing dataset of the DHCD dataset and accuracy score of 96.55% on the modified(blurred) slightly more complex version of the original testing dataset. The ViT model thus generalized better than standard CNN-based models on the problem of Devanagari Character recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is undergoing rapid population growth and urbanization. Carbon emissions increased with the growing needs of the people. Though cement has adequate strength properties there is need to limit the cement usage in construction activity. Concrete structures need to be constructed with new materials without compromising the strength. Expanded polystyrene is perfect material for its usage in concrete. Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) are a light, rigid plastic foam insulating material made from solid particles of polystyrene can be an alternative in concrete replacing aggregates. Steel fiber with high tensile strength is used along with fly ash. The literature review has been done for various parameters on expanded polystyrene concrete along with different fibers. From the literature review it was absorbed that many materials like expanded polystyrene beads, plastic materials are mainly used as replacement of aggregate. This paper presents the results of compressive strength and workability of geopolymer concrete with the effect of expanded polystyrene beads. From the results it is found that strength and workability is increased slightly with the effect of expanded polystyrene beads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable River water quality is to be maintained and it is the responsibility of all concerned stakeholders. The prime objective of Hydrology Project of Government of India is to ensure the river water quality and quantity by continuous capacity building and development of relevant both structural infrastructure (such as water quality laboratories) and cyber infrastructure (such as Decision Support Systems). Engineers and scientists working in the area of water quality need to be open minded with the ever uplifting attitude of lifelong learning to upskill with the ever-evolving relevant software and hardware technologies. Dissolved oxygen in rivers is essential for sustainability of aquatic life. Twelve year annual mean values from 2003 to 2014 of Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Nitrates, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Temperature at nine stations along Krishna River are considered. Four types of models with varied input variables are developed in Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) using Microsoft Excel and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using nonlinear autoregressive model Artificial neural network identification model (NARX-ANN) to predict the dissolved oxygen. Levenberg – Marquardt Method (LMM) algorithm is used. The performances of both methods are compared. This paper takes care of Goal 6 of United Nations Sustainable Development of ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all as river water quality prediction is involved. ANN model with Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.01 and R value of 0.987 is adopted. MLR model with R value of 0.574 is adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in the 21st century, Technology has acquired an immense prevalence around the world which assists people with being more productive. Innovation has been spread all around the world securing outrageous importance on streams like Education, Industry, Trade as well as Agriculture. India being a critical Agriculture arranged country, it lacks on different benefits of new advancements which assist them with being more productive. Utilization of more current advancements are not found in farming fields. This paper predominantly points on making an Automatic talk bot model by applying Artificial Intelligence on the fundamental necessities of Farmers and Agriculture such as soil type, crop, environment, assessed benefit, Government advantages and Workshops conducted on giving Agricultural guidance to farmers. The bot is prepared with various sorts of inquiries. It replies to any queries or questions raised by a farmer based on the preparation dataset given. It applies Naive Bayes Algorithm to distinguish fitting response from rundown of prepared questions and even figures out how to respond to inquiries on which the bot has not been prepared and gives a response on most extreme capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the human population has reached its peak in both the developing countries and developed countries like India and China. An increase in personnel density ended up being a hard task to maintain or manage people flow in socio-public places. However, people flow management is out of control for humans, which may also cause some safety damages. This paper aims to give an optimal solution for people flow with the help of machine learning, deep learning, and also AI-cameras are used for counting the number of people entering and leaving a user-defined place. Here, also the centroid tracking and centroid detecting algorithms are used to count the number of people together with their direction. This technique helps to replace manual security,in-store traffic management, and much more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the increasing global warming, many companies are trying to adopt sustainable ways of producing the product and preserve the atmosphere. A green bond is one such financial tool that helps companies to raise the funds for social and eco-friendly projects. Keeping this in view and the Indian market emerging as the second-largest bond market in terms of green bond issuance; this paper aims to identify the impact on stock prices due to the issuance of green bonds by the companies. We conduct an event study to understand how the stock prices are subject to volatility due to green bond issuance during the period 2018-2021. The data is collected from secondary sources like Economic Times, Business Standard, Climate Bond Initiative, and the BSE website. The event window is assumed to be [-30,30], [-15, 15] and [-7, 7] days. Using Cumulative Average Abnormal returns and t-tests we understand the volatility of stock prices due to green bond issuance. The empirical results show that green bonds have a short-term impact on stock prices. Overall, the study can be a great input for the investors to understand the behavior of stocks due to the issuance of green bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most predominant and widely practiced methods for waste disposal are Landfill, Incineration, and composting. There is a scarcity of land for waste disposal and because of increasing land cost, recycling and utilization of industrial by-products and waste materials has become an attractive proposition to waste disposal. There are several types of industrial by-products and waste materials. The utilization of such materials in concrete not only decreases the overall cost of construction but also helps in reducing disposal concerns. One such industrial by-product is waste foundry sand (WFS). The annual production is about 3 million tons from different industries in India. In the metal casting process, foundry industries dispose of huge quantities of waste sand into landfills, causing a harmful impact on the environment. The silica-based spent foundry sands from iron, steel, and aluminum foundries are evaluated in the risk assessment. This paper mainly focuses on achieving concrete for EOT (Early Open to Traffic) rigid pavements with WFS along with the use of accelerator and super-plasticizer. Effects of WFS on concrete properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength are presented. Two types of mix proportions were investigated in this study. FDOT (Florida Department of transportation) and IRC (Indian Road Congress) recommendations were adopted for mix proportions using 5% & 10% of WFS replaced partially for M-Sand. 1-day compressive strength for FDOT mix with 10% WFS was 30MPa & for IRC mix with 10%, WFS was 20 MPa. The 3-days strength for mixtures with 10% WFS was 45MPa & 47MPa for FDOT & IRC mix proportions, respectively. Though the strength decreased with the inclusion of WFS, the 1-day and 3-days strength achieved for mixtures with 10% WFS surpassed the minimum strength requirements as per the slab replacement guidelines. Normally the pavement will be open to traffic after three to four days of laying asphalt, this method of using foundry sand enables the pavements to be open to traffic inless than a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pottery in the form of artistic expression, is one of the important ways of communicating the traditional knowledge and information as it communicates valuable information about the human past with the help of earthen made vessels and idols. It has communicated the information even before technology has made a room for science communication. Science Communication incorporates the communication among groups within the scientific community, counting those in academic world and industry. The academician from science and social science background has got many valuable information from pottery and so is the government, media (including museums and science centers) and general public. Therefore, Pottery talks and communicates the information. This paper will focus on preserving the pottery in India: A traditional medium of science Communication, as community associated with it, known as Kumhar are losing interest eventually in practicing pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid urbanization and increasing number of people in India, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) industry is going through a critical phase in India. The MSWM service is ineffective due to a shortage of financial resources, institutional inadequacies, inadequate disposal methods, and public apathy toward municipal solid waste. Effective waste management systems that must be both environmentally sound and economically viable, are needed to make sure improved human health and safety. Various municipal solid waste disposal technologies are being evolved to minimize the adverse implications of solid waste to a minimal, however deciding the most appropriate solid waste disposal methodology is difficult. This paper discusses the solid waste disposal scenario in Prayagraj (UP) and recommends an appropriate disposal methodology for municipal solid waste (MSW). The multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), with different levels of hierarchical structure which consists identification of problems, factors and sub-factors affecting the goal used in the selection of best disposal methodology from landfilling, composting, open burning and recycling by evaluation of technical, economic and environmental criteria. In the proposed MCDM methods, a set of criteria like cost, efficiency, waste recovery, air pollution and emission, water pollution, number of employs, availability, and environmental risks are evaluated to determine the best MSW disposal methodology. The present study's finding shows that recycling is the best municipal solid waste disposal methodology for Prayagraj city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of hydraulic structures or elements such as check dams, weir, storm water drains, flood levels etc. are carried out for design basis Return period (RP). Hence, historical database is used to estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) or statistically analysed to generate design parameters through extreme value analyses (EVA). Generally, such studies are carried out by Expert agencies of Central/State Authorities or Academic Institutions for important zones in the country. However, independent analysis will be required for any project at a virgin site which might have not been covered under these institutional studies. At times, a regional study may not fully capture the uniqueness of a site and may not be able to provide a sustainable design basis. This becomes more critical for important industrial structures, say, nuclear power plants or major dam, which have more conservatism in design and cannot risk any under-design of the system. Present paper presents such a case study of a site on western coast of India wherein EVA has been carried out for site specific rainfall data for different return periods. PMP of the site was also estimated. Findings of the analyses were then compared with available regional study to assess the deviation in design basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this 21st century, researchers and engineers are using several waste and useless products. These waste materials obtained from agriculture or industries. Rice husk ash, sludge, fly ash and fly ash are waste materials used in concrete mix as supplement of cement. All these waste materials enhanced the mechanical and physical properties of concrete mix. Nowadays Sugarcane bagasse ash is getting the more attention of researcher due its fineness and help to improve the setting properties, strength properties and corrosion retardant. India has sugarcane production about the 341.20 MMT (million metric ton), secured second position in world after the Brazil. Sugarcane peel left as a residue afterthe production of sugar. In this review article, author reviewed several research papers based on uses of bagasse ash in concrete mix. Bagasse ash enhanced the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength the durability and Chloride ion penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete (PSRC) structural frame systems for moment-resisting, comprised of Prefabricated Steel (S) girders and Precast Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) columns. This structural system has the advantage of inherent stiffness and damping during a seismic event. PSRC moment-resisting frame system is also known for its construction efficiency, lightweight and low-cost. Earlier investigations have shown PSRC systems useful in designing and constructing the buildings while maintaining ample strength and high ductility during seismic incidents. Despite much previous research on it, the use of the PSRC structural system in India is still limited. Previous studies have accepted a vital need to review thorough structural systems using experiment and analytical studies-to validate the understanding collected till date and act as evidence of concept for the PSRC moment-resisting frame system. This paper aims to facilitate more recognition and use of the PSRC structural system as a feasible choice to traditional RCC lateral resisting systems. Two structures are studied to evaluate low-rise PSRC and RCC structures' performance during maximum considered earthquake events. These consist of typical steel beams and Precast R.C. columns frame buildings. Four-story PSRC buildings are designed according to Indian Codes of practice. Design columns under provisions of Indian reinforced concrete structures code, and beams are designed according to Indian steel construction code. The comparative studies for the two buildings are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is the way of the future, and it is already here. The revolution of the automobile industry has accelerated globally in recent years. Electric Vehicles (EV's) are gaining great popularity in India and throughout the globe, however there is still significant resistance in adoption of EV's due to its poor range, long charging hours and less effective charging infrastructure. So, compared to the adoption of Fully Electric Vehicles (FEV), Hybrid vehicles may be fast and readily adopted because of their benefits such as high load capacity, high gradability, no range anxiety etc. Hybrid electric vehicle rider can experience the advantages of both fossil fuel and electricity powered technology. An innovative way for transforming an IC engine scooter into a hybrid (petrol and electric) powered scooter is provided in this paper. Techno-economic calculations are carried out for the converted vehicle, as well as the observations and results of range tests, top speed and acceleration tests are given. The road-load coefficients were also estimated. During the conversion process rear wheel is integrated with a single side shaft BLDC Hub Motor, which improves the scooter's dynamic stability. The scooter's power electronics and Li-ion battery pack are safely placed within the scooter's exterior body. This cost-effective hybrid scooter conversion methodology combines the benefits of a petrol and electric scooter. The battery gets charged while the hybrid electric vehicle is running on petrol mode. This hybrid electric scooter includes regenerative braking technology as well as parking assist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission-free economy is an achievable target with the formulation of policies by the Governments around the globe. A major contribution is made by the transport industry. Delhi is one of the examples among the cities in India which is polluting the air by transportation which is about 20 percent. Towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the nation has to take a different trajectory from concentrating on the technical aspect of reducing the hazardous emissions to refining the regulatory awareness. The research study is based on the statistical inputs provided by the government agencies and the judicial verdicts seeking a pollution free atmosphere. The Judiciary has been proactively recommending and directing the respective government to take necessary action towards controlling the pollution caused due to road transport. Nevertheless, the use of Artificial Intelligence has been an area which has not been strongly recommended by the apex court. The regulatory and judicial control over the emissions is towards a penalizing perspective and the technological assistance has not been resorted to. Though a one hundred percent emission-free economy is not a possibility, the areas which are still not explored or have not been brought under the purview of consideration have been the scope of study in the research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]