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A popular approach in machine translation is neural machine translation. It predicts and translates word sequences using artificial neural networks, generally modelling full sentences in a single integrated model. It enables the translation of languages from one natural language into another with or without the assistance of human beings. Even though deep neural architecture-based machine translation produces accurate results when translating western languages, we are unable to straight away apply these algorithms to translate languages in India, primarily because good corpora are not readily available and our languages are generally morphologically bountiful in nature. This paper aims at providing a general overview on language translation, which consists of Neural Machine Translation and Natural Language Generation involving the translation of Indian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the nations which have largest older adults with dementia. This shows increasing burden of dementia in India. Dementia represents a neurodegenerative disease described as deterioration of distinct cognitive functions. It causes large number of demises and large price for diagnosis, patient care, and treatments. Although dementia is not curable, early detection assists in acquiring required help, proper treatment, and care in intellectual, societal, and physical tasks. Its early identification and recognition has huge significance. But, it's tough in order to identify cognitive decline into the primary phase alongwith large accuracy, less costs etc. Some famous techniques including neuroimaging techniques and cognitive assessments have their own limitations. Impaired facial expression is a common symptom in neurological disorder. The face expressions of persons with cognitive decline express anomalous ridged actions in comparison with healthy controls. Automation in analysis of facial expression has the capability to be employed for identification of cognitive loss in elderly. The paper outlines general MCI screening and detection methods pointing the current methods that are depend on smart environments, emotions recognition, and behavior analysis, focusing to give proven and non-invasive method at home or clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English, being a language has become a prominent for various purposes in India, with diversified cultures, creeds, languages etc. People of India with varied influences and regions, speak variety of languages. Considering different parts of India; the nation has similar identities to review on speaking English by these peoples of Northern States (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and UT Chandigarh), Southern States (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala &Tamilnadu), Western States (Maharashtra, Goa, Rajasthan & Gujarat), Eastern States (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal) have different mother tongues too. When it comes to official language, though neither of the states imposed on the usage of English but it is used unsparingly. The pronunciation differs from one-to-one when communicating in English. English, though a lingua franca but the sounds are uttered with no comparison due to regional and cultural influence lead to interference of the language in spoken communication. It is also due to jaw structure of the people of India. It is very much identical the difference between 'sh' /ʃ/ and's'/s/ utterance by Some of the eastern parts of India and Telangana native citizens. Others can understand the sounds spoken by Telangana people than the eastern states. Fortunately, English is taught since school joining with rhymes for learning showing interest towards the language. As it is known fact and aware that English is the language of Constitution of India though Hindi is a Language of India (Rajabhasha). Now the English has become soil of the state. So that Indian scholars, Scientists, Statesmen, Software Engineers, Teachers speaking English are exploring tremendously and miraculously across the globe. In this paper, the author has tried to throw light on various implications faced by teachers while delivering the prescribed curriculum for heterogeneous classroom. Teachers are too updating timely to deliver content sans barriers. Thus English (L2) has great prominence in India to integrate with L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is a vital organ of the digestive system which helps in blood clotting, preparation of bile, and performs many more functions. The change in lifestyle and eating habits like intake of junk, packaged food which contains a low nutrient value and high amount of sugar/salt, saturated fat impacts the healthy liver. Liver disease is identified as the 10th most common cause of mortality in India and around 10 lakh people are diagnosed with one or the other liver disease in India every year. Hence, there is a certain need to develop an automated system that can classify whether a person is suffering from liver disease or not based on his/her parameters. In this paper, we proposed a novel liver disease detection framework based on machine learning techniques. For this purpose, we used three different machine learning techniques namely the Ensemble technique, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and CatBoost algorithm. The performance of the above three algorithms is analyzed and it can be concluded that maximum classification accuracy is achieved by the CatBoost algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English, being a language has become a prominent for various purposes in India, with diversified cultures, creeds, languages etc. People of India with varied influences and regions, speak variety of languages. Considering different parts of India; the nation has similar identities to review on speaking English by these peoples of Northern States (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and UT Chandigarh), Southern States (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala &Tamilnadu), Western States (Maharashtra, Goa, Rajasthan & Gujarat), Eastern States (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal) have different mother tongues too. When it comes to official language, though neither of the states imposed on the usage of English but it is used unsparingly. The pronunciation differs from one-to-one when communicating in English. English, though a lingua franca but the sounds are uttered with no comparison due to regional and cultural influence lead to interference of the language in spoken communication. It is also due to jaw structure of the people of India. It is very much identical the difference between 'sh' /ʃ/ and's'/s/ utterance by some of the eastern parts of India and Telangana native citizens. Others can understand the sounds spoken by Telangana people than the eastern states. Fortunately, English is taught since school joining with rhymes for learning showing interest towards the language. As it is known fact and aware that English is the language of Constitution of India though Hindi is a Language of India (Rajabhasha). Now the English has become soil of the state. So that Indian scholars, Scientists, Statesmen, Software Engineers, Teachers speaking English are exploring tremendously and miraculously across the globe. In this paper, the author has tried to throw light on various implications faced by teachers while delivering the prescribed curriculum for heterogeneous classroom. Teachers are too updating timely to deliver content sans barriers. Thus English (L2) has great prominence in India to integrate with L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper attempts to analyze how word of mouth affects the student's B school decision-making processes who wish to pursue higher education in business schools. Research data was collected by survey method with the help of questionnaire which was distributed to students and aspirants of different B schools across India. For data analysis statistical techniques like descriptive analysis & factor analysis was used. Only a few studies, particularly in the Indian context, have been conducted in this field. Implications of the study: Research provides insights regarding how students research and shortlist particular B-Schools. Institutions can form their strategy regarding online presence of college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc worldwide in recent months, due to which many countries including India went under lockdown causing a decrease in customer engagement. Many companies have turned to AI tools such as chatbots to improve customer experience by handling customer queries to cope with this situation. Nowadays, it has become imperative for businesses to enhance their customer experience by adopting new technologies such as chatbots that help companies answer customers' simple queries. A good customer experience ensures a positive brand image and customer loyalty. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of chatbots on customer experience during covid-19. Objective: The objective of this Research paper is to investigate the impacts of chatbots on customer experience during Covid 19 in India. Research Methodology: Primary data was collected from 104 respondents using a structured questionnaire to gather information regarding customer experience. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical techniques. Implications of the study: The research conclusion was to identify the impacts of chatbots on customer experience and help organizations to tailor effective and efficient chatbots for their businesses to maximize customer experience and satisfaction. Originality: Very few studies have been done in this area to help analyze how companies are trying to enhance customer experience during covid-19 in India by adopting technological means such as Chatbots. This research is to understand the customer perspective towards the perceived experience of chatbots during the covid pandemic in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc worldwide in recent months, due to which many countries including India went under lockdown causing a decrease in customer engagement. Many companies have turned to AI tools such as chatbots to improve customer experience by handling customer queries to cope with this situation. Nowadays, it has become imperative for businesses to enhance their customer experience by adopting new technologies such as chatbots that help companies answer customers' simple queries. A good customer experience ensures a positive brand image and customer loyalty. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of chatbots on customer experience during covid-19. Objective: The objective of this Research paper is to investigate the impacts of chatbots on customer experience during Covid 19 in India. Research Methodology: Primary data was collected from 104 respondents using a structured questionnaire to gather information regarding customer experience. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical techniques. Implications of the study: The research conclusion was to identify the impacts of chatbots on customer experience and help organizations to tailor effective and efficient chatbots for their businesses to maximize customer experience and satisfaction. Originality: Very few studies have been done in this area to help analyze how companies are trying to enhance customer experience during covid-19 in India by adopting technological means such as Chatbots. This research is to understand the customer perspective towards the perceived experience of chatbots during the covid pandemic in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper attempts to analyze how word of mouth affects the student's B school decision-making processes who wish to pursue higher education in business schools. Research data was collected by survey method with the help of questionnaire which was distributed to students and aspirants of different B schools across India. For data analysis statistical techniques like descriptive analysis & factor analysis was used. Only a few studies, particularly in the Indian context, have been conducted in this field. Implications of the study: Research provides insights regarding how students research and shortlist particular B-Schools. Institutions can form their strategy regarding online presence of college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure assessment identifies the pathways by which humans are exposed to a contaminated environment and estimates the magnitude, frequency and duration of these exposures. This paper deals with exposure assessment of fecal contamination, in which exposure assessment is done with the help of the SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool. By this tool, identify the dominant pathway, a pathway that has a greater contribution to the exposure. The goal of the study was to find the dominant pathway in the study area, Ward 10 Kadakkad, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. Lack of sewer lines and sewage treatment facilities and open disposal of fecal waste in the area caused flooding up of sewage and lots of other difficulties as well as threats to the residents. Identifying the dominant transmission pathway or pathways and blocking or breaking this transmission pathway by different interventions like water, sanitation and hygiene programs improve health and also helps to prioritize sanitation investments based on the exposures that have the greatest public health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indians don't show more interest in cleaning the public restroom, rather than the restroom in their house. It plays a major issue in cleaning the restroom and sanitation has always been a major issue. It does not happen only the rural areas but in urban and semi-urban areas. Keeping the restroom clean makes us away from bacterial germs like Escherichia coli and diseases. People feels very discomfort to use the public toilet and even the cleaning person feels bad to clean and they were affected by many diseases to overcome these Automatic Toilet cleaner to clean the restroom are made to reduce the human effect and to prevent from affecting from diseases. Paper focus on Design and Analysis of Automatic Toilet cleaning machine for Indian Style toilets without human effect which can be moved and placed in the restroom and human can wait outside until the cleaning process completed which is indicated by the sound. "Right to good health and sanitation" is one of the important goals to be achieved. 'Clean and smart India' this may one of the solution for it. The system automatically cleans the toilet with the help of motorized brush. "Cleanliness is next to godliness" according to it keeping clean is our responsibility and make a hygienic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the requirement of infrastructure construction, the importunity for producing the concrete is increasing daily. In fact, OPC synthesis utilizes a large amount of natural resources and energy, and it's also discharge a carbon dioxide into air. Therefore, Alternatives must be found to make the concrete as environmentally friendly. So, the researchers focused and adopted the Geo-polymers. Geo-polymers are inorganic alumino-silicate compounds are the raw materials for geo-polymer binders that are abundantly available in India, but their development has so far been limited. Various parameters were examined in the study, namely the ratio of fly ash, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, curing time, curing temperature and percentage of the GGBS added. The geo-polymer substantial boundaries for this paper are at not entirely settled by preliminary projecting, like fastener (fly ash: GGBS), molar substance is 8M, the proportion of Na2SiO3/NaOH is 1.5, the proportion of fluid to cover is 0.5. And micro-structural analysis has been taken for the casted specimen. The experimental outcomes show that the compressive, split tensile, flexural test with the materials and grouping of sodium hydroxide arrangement. It was additionally seen that, the water content in the geo-polymer substantial combination is assumes a significant part in accomplishing the ideal compressive strength. Then we compare the values of normal concrete, fly-ash, fly-ash with GGBS and 3D printing concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 refers to a complete transformation from machine-governing manufacturing to an automated network-linked system. Industry 4.0 standards need to be recognized to convert effectively, and obvious procedures should be spawned and executed. The present study answers the recent wails for Industry 4.0 and its implications for the future compatibility of the cement industry. The paper used Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural-equation-modelling to assess the degree to which selected factors to Industry 4.0 espousal. This study set up five hypotheses by choosing 21 variables in the frame specified with a sample of 380 respondents from five key cement industry players. The results of SEM underline the relative significance of the manifest chosen for augmenting the sustainable growth of the cement industry. The empirical work delivers a vibrant indicator of the pluses of identifying the necessary constructs of Industry 4.0 and their interactions in producing admirable operations. These results can offer useful comprehension to top managers executives/engineers who want to comprehend the effects of industry 4.0 on the firm's sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers of banks are planned and executed under strategic expertise to optimize the performance of entities and the success of these mergers is a matter of concern, not only for all market players, rather for the governments also, for economic development and targeting best utilization of resources. The State bank of India (SBI) is a multinational Indian public sector bank, operating in India, with major market share as well as total loans. The State banks group, comprising of SBI and its associates, in India has seen many mergers in the last decade, especially a grand merger in 2017, when five associates of state bank group, were merged in State Bank of India. This paper examines empirically, the impact of these mergers in terms of efficiency increase for SBI, using super efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA), for a year wise relative efficiency evaluation, by analyzing the overall pre-merger and post-merger productivity, with a purpose to identify any significant rise in efficiency, in post-merger performance as compared to the pre-merger performance. This study endeavors to contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical research related to mergers. For the analysis, the present study uses the data for the variables owned funds, borrowings, deposits, wage bills, spread and other income for the SBI and its associates along with four other top performing public sector banks as per market capitalization at Bombay stock exchange, for the time period starting from 2015 through 2020. The findings reveal that the grand merger of 2017 resulted in a robust banking network of SBI, providing a stable position to the bank, on global level. Also, it sustained the weakly performing associates of the State bank group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is a valuable natural resource that is vital to preserving environmental equilibrium. For the purpose of this paper, the dielectric constant of soil was examined in its physical elements and available nutrients. A soil sample from the Dantewada area discusses the link between Physio-chemical parameters and the dielectric constant. Dantewada district soil samples were gathered at many places, including the NMDC Dantewada agricultural area (Villages-Kirandul, Bade-Bacheli, Bacheli, Bhanshi). In addition, the electrical conductivity and dielectric potential of soil samples allowed researchers to investigate several chemical parameters, including the relative proportions of clay and silt in the soil. These findings revealed that soils' physical and chemical qualities vary greatly depending on where they are found. These qualities aid in a better knowledge of soil physics, agricultural applications, and remote sensing data analysis. This research also aids farmers in making the best crop choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the problems related database collection or selection in machine learning. It emphasizes on various aspects of database collection and issues one can get into while performing the collection procedure. It then discusses the second alternative method of using a premade database and how it could be an equally challenging issue, sometimes even worse. It concludes by a study of an air pollution database created in 2015 in.the state of Orissa, India which has over two thousand entries and applies different regression algorithms available analyzing the drawbacks of having data which is dense but limited to a particular location and time. This is followed by some methods through which the issues could be solved and emphasizes on the need for the issues to be solved and lack of databases in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weighty increase in the daily COVID-19 infected cases around us is frightening, and many researchers are currently working on various mathematics-based estimation models to predict the subsequent trend of this pandemic. In this paper, some trajectories of COVID-19 in. India are predicted using data available in public domain. We employed a time series model called Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model to make forecast the daily number of infected cases of COVID-19 in.near future. Our analysis predicted very alarming outcomes. A set of intense preventive measures are proposed to avoid such a deadly situation. Based on our estimations, Indian health officials should adapt warmongering interference to grasp the stepped-up growth, and cursory infection control actions at hospital levels are immediately needed to downsize the COVID-19 pandemic. If stringent precautionary measures are not implemented by Indian government to control the spread of COVID-19, then the effects may be worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melting of ferrous metals and alloys is frequently done in a cupola furnace. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of input parameters of cupola furnace such as velocity of air and amount of coke supplied to the furnace. The overall effect of these parameters are studied on parameters like melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress. The experimentation was conducted at C. P. Foundry Works which is located at central India. The experiments were performed at three levels each for melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress. It is found that the optimum performance of furnace get at velocity of 36m/s and 598 kg/hr. The maximum melting rate, pouring temperature, hardness and stress are found as 4000 kg/hr, 1406.250C, 207MPa and 19.75 MPa respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is important component of life and without water we cannot imagine life on earth. This important requirement is being adulterated and is no more available in pure form. This increase in impurity level is main cause of health issues. Not only India all other country also suffering from same problem. We cannot ignore this problem because water is basic for human. Ground water mainly used for drinking and irrigation purpose. Poor quality of water not only affect human life but also affect crops. Chemical, physical and biological properties of water can be change due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Water pollution is hazardous to the health of humans and other organisms, so detection of pollutants is primary importance. Water pollutants are organic contaminants, chemicals, microbial parameters, micro plastics and radioactive substances, heavy metals such as Arsenic, Halogens, Nitrate, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel and iron. Pollutants can affect water properties. Spectroscopic techniques for water analysis are FTIR, NIR, Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques are qualitative and quantitative tool for detection of pollutants. Present paper focuses on the different pollutant responsible for water pollution and different spectroscopic techniques for analysis of water. This will help to recognization of pollutant in water and can take suitable step for this. This will also help in choosing best spectroscopic technique for analysis of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indisputably, building industry including brick and mortar retail markets produce waste in various stages of construction. In addition, these structures produce enormous waste when demolished, which is not utilized effectively in large amount in India. At same time in our country, construction industry is growing at fast rate and proportionately the collective construction and demolish (C&D) waste is increasing drastically. Certainly, this C&D waste is creating negative impact on environmental by escalating pollution to manyfold. Experts recommend that C&D waste should be reduced and reused considerably to make the construction industry sustainable. With new development in the fourth industrial revolution (IR4), various measures in construction industry are available which on one hand can reduce environmental pollution and on other hand have equal strength as of conventional measures. This paper will recognize topmost C&D waste produced by considering Brick & Mortar (B&M) retail markets of Ludhiana and provide insights to measures that are able to reduce waste used in construction. Further, by focusing on circular economy (CE) concept, reuse of the demolished waste in either new construction or in streetscape elements of B&M retail markets, is explored. Definitely, these measures are effective in lowering environmental pollution by reducing and reusing C&M waste in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to develop an assistive device for the visually impaired that will allow them to move more freely in unfamiliar indoor situations by recognizing household objects that may hinder their route. This solution focuses on safe navigation in unfamiliar interior environments. Human-assisted mobility and assistive aids are expensive, especially for people residing in developing countries like India. These are not affordable for the population which has a per capita GDP of 1500$. This solution aims to provide cues for movement in real-time which can be initiated by a simple obstacle detection. The basic feature of obstacle detection is to give a better experience and also be pocket-friendly. This system implements KNN, Random Forest, Decision Trees, and SVM classifiers. The proposed system analyzed that the Random Forest classifier gave the best performance accuracy for indoor obstacle detection. This system has implemented a simple guidance system that gives a tactile impulse to the user for moving in the right direction. The real-time assistive solution demonstrated 98.3% accuracy for object detection and reliable execution on a low-power device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devanagari is an ancient script that is used to write Hindi, Nepali, Marathi, Maithili, Awadhi, Newari, and Bhojpuri, among other Indo-Aryan languages. Thousands of individuals in India use this script to write documents in Marathi and Hindi. Indian mythology is based on this script. Because of the script's prominence, handwritten Devanagari character identification has grown in popularity over time. Handwritten recognition of languages such as English has received a lot of attention, but Indian languages written in the Devanagari script are also a rich source of information. Most of the work on this problem statement has been done either using deep neural networks like CNN at its heart coupled with other machine learning techniques like SVM,Random Forest etc. In this paper we are utilising a recently introduced transformer model for computer vision known as Vision Transformer for the task of Devanagari Character Recognition. We have also compared our model with various pretrained CNN-based architectures like ResNet50,VGG16 and InceptionV3 and ViT has outperformed these models both on DHCD dataset and the modified slightly more complex version of it with accuracy scores of 99.68% on the original testing dataset of the DHCD dataset and accuracy score of 96.55% on the modified(blurred) slightly more complex version of the original testing dataset. The ViT model thus generalized better than standard CNN-based models on the problem of Devanagari Character recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is undergoing rapid population growth and urbanization. Carbon emissions increased with the growing needs of the people. Though cement has adequate strength properties there is need to limit the cement usage in construction activity. Concrete structures need to be constructed with new materials without compromising the strength. Expanded polystyrene is perfect material for its usage in concrete. Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) are a light, rigid plastic foam insulating material made from solid particles of polystyrene can be an alternative in concrete replacing aggregates. Steel fiber with high tensile strength is used along with fly ash. The literature review has been done for various parameters on expanded polystyrene concrete along with different fibers. From the literature review it was absorbed that many materials like expanded polystyrene beads, plastic materials are mainly used as replacement of aggregate. This paper presents the results of compressive strength and workability of geopolymer concrete with the effect of expanded polystyrene beads. From the results it is found that strength and workability is increased slightly with the effect of expanded polystyrene beads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable River water quality is to be maintained and it is the responsibility of all concerned stakeholders. The prime objective of Hydrology Project of Government of India is to ensure the river water quality and quantity by continuous capacity building and development of relevant both structural infrastructure (such as water quality laboratories) and cyber infrastructure (such as Decision Support Systems). Engineers and scientists working in the area of water quality need to be open minded with the ever uplifting attitude of lifelong learning to upskill with the ever-evolving relevant software and hardware technologies. Dissolved oxygen in rivers is essential for sustainability of aquatic life. Twelve year annual mean values from 2003 to 2014 of Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Nitrates, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Temperature at nine stations along Krishna River are considered. Four types of models with varied input variables are developed in Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) using Microsoft Excel and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using nonlinear autoregressive model Artificial neural network identification model (NARX-ANN) to predict the dissolved oxygen. Levenberg – Marquardt Method (LMM) algorithm is used. The performances of both methods are compared. This paper takes care of Goal 6 of United Nations Sustainable Development of ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all as river water quality prediction is involved. ANN model with Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.01 and R value of 0.987 is adopted. MLR model with R value of 0.574 is adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in the 21st century, Technology has acquired an immense prevalence around the world which assists people with being more productive. Innovation has been spread all around the world securing outrageous importance on streams like Education, Industry, Trade as well as Agriculture. India being a critical Agriculture arranged country, it lacks on different benefits of new advancements which assist them with being more productive. Utilization of more current advancements are not found in farming fields. This paper predominantly points on making an Automatic talk bot model by applying Artificial Intelligence on the fundamental necessities of Farmers and Agriculture such as soil type, crop, environment, assessed benefit, Government advantages and Workshops conducted on giving Agricultural guidance to farmers. The bot is prepared with various sorts of inquiries. It replies to any queries or questions raised by a farmer based on the preparation dataset given. It applies Naive Bayes Algorithm to distinguish fitting response from rundown of prepared questions and even figures out how to respond to inquiries on which the bot has not been prepared and gives a response on most extreme capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the human population has reached its peak in both the developing countries and developed countries like India and China. An increase in personnel density ended up being a hard task to maintain or manage people flow in socio-public places. However, people flow management is out of control for humans, which may also cause some safety damages. This paper aims to give an optimal solution for people flow with the help of machine learning, deep learning, and also AI-cameras are used for counting the number of people entering and leaving a user-defined place. Here, also the centroid tracking and centroid detecting algorithms are used to count the number of people together with their direction. This technique helps to replace manual security,in-store traffic management, and much more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the increasing global warming, many companies are trying to adopt sustainable ways of producing the product and preserve the atmosphere. A green bond is one such financial tool that helps companies to raise the funds for social and eco-friendly projects. Keeping this in view and the Indian market emerging as the second-largest bond market in terms of green bond issuance; this paper aims to identify the impact on stock prices due to the issuance of green bonds by the companies. We conduct an event study to understand how the stock prices are subject to volatility due to green bond issuance during the period 2018-2021. The data is collected from secondary sources like Economic Times, Business Standard, Climate Bond Initiative, and the BSE website. The event window is assumed to be [-30,30], [-15, 15] and [-7, 7] days. Using Cumulative Average Abnormal returns and t-tests we understand the volatility of stock prices due to green bond issuance. The empirical results show that green bonds have a short-term impact on stock prices. Overall, the study can be a great input for the investors to understand the behavior of stocks due to the issuance of green bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most predominant and widely practiced methods for waste disposal are Landfill, Incineration, and composting. There is a scarcity of land for waste disposal and because of increasing land cost, recycling and utilization of industrial by-products and waste materials has become an attractive proposition to waste disposal. There are several types of industrial by-products and waste materials. The utilization of such materials in concrete not only decreases the overall cost of construction but also helps in reducing disposal concerns. One such industrial by-product is waste foundry sand (WFS). The annual production is about 3 million tons from different industries in India. In the metal casting process, foundry industries dispose of huge quantities of waste sand into landfills, causing a harmful impact on the environment. The silica-based spent foundry sands from iron, steel, and aluminum foundries are evaluated in the risk assessment. This paper mainly focuses on achieving concrete for EOT (Early Open to Traffic) rigid pavements with WFS along with the use of accelerator and super-plasticizer. Effects of WFS on concrete properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength are presented. Two types of mix proportions were investigated in this study. FDOT (Florida Department of transportation) and IRC (Indian Road Congress) recommendations were adopted for mix proportions using 5% & 10% of WFS replaced partially for M-Sand. 1-day compressive strength for FDOT mix with 10% WFS was 30MPa & for IRC mix with 10%, WFS was 20 MPa. The 3-days strength for mixtures with 10% WFS was 45MPa & 47MPa for FDOT & IRC mix proportions, respectively. Though the strength decreased with the inclusion of WFS, the 1-day and 3-days strength achieved for mixtures with 10% WFS surpassed the minimum strength requirements as per the slab replacement guidelines. Normally the pavement will be open to traffic after three to four days of laying asphalt, this method of using foundry sand enables the pavements to be open to traffic inless than a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pottery in the form of artistic expression, is one of the important ways of communicating the traditional knowledge and information as it communicates valuable information about the human past with the help of earthen made vessels and idols. It has communicated the information even before technology has made a room for science communication. Science Communication incorporates the communication among groups within the scientific community, counting those in academic world and industry. The academician from science and social science background has got many valuable information from pottery and so is the government, media (including museums and science centers) and general public. Therefore, Pottery talks and communicates the information. This paper will focus on preserving the pottery in India: A traditional medium of science Communication, as community associated with it, known as Kumhar are losing interest eventually in practicing pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid urbanization and increasing number of people in India, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) industry is going through a critical phase in India. The MSWM service is ineffective due to a shortage of financial resources, institutional inadequacies, inadequate disposal methods, and public apathy toward municipal solid waste. Effective waste management systems that must be both environmentally sound and economically viable, are needed to make sure improved human health and safety. Various municipal solid waste disposal technologies are being evolved to minimize the adverse implications of solid waste to a minimal, however deciding the most appropriate solid waste disposal methodology is difficult. This paper discusses the solid waste disposal scenario in Prayagraj (UP) and recommends an appropriate disposal methodology for municipal solid waste (MSW). The multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), with different levels of hierarchical structure which consists identification of problems, factors and sub-factors affecting the goal used in the selection of best disposal methodology from landfilling, composting, open burning and recycling by evaluation of technical, economic and environmental criteria. In the proposed MCDM methods, a set of criteria like cost, efficiency, waste recovery, air pollution and emission, water pollution, number of employs, availability, and environmental risks are evaluated to determine the best MSW disposal methodology. The present study's finding shows that recycling is the best municipal solid waste disposal methodology for Prayagraj city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of hydraulic structures or elements such as check dams, weir, storm water drains, flood levels etc. are carried out for design basis Return period (RP). Hence, historical database is used to estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) or statistically analysed to generate design parameters through extreme value analyses (EVA). Generally, such studies are carried out by Expert agencies of Central/State Authorities or Academic Institutions for important zones in the country. However, independent analysis will be required for any project at a virgin site which might have not been covered under these institutional studies. At times, a regional study may not fully capture the uniqueness of a site and may not be able to provide a sustainable design basis. This becomes more critical for important industrial structures, say, nuclear power plants or major dam, which have more conservatism in design and cannot risk any under-design of the system. Present paper presents such a case study of a site on western coast of India wherein EVA has been carried out for site specific rainfall data for different return periods. PMP of the site was also estimated. Findings of the analyses were then compared with available regional study to assess the deviation in design basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this 21st century, researchers and engineers are using several waste and useless products. These waste materials obtained from agriculture or industries. Rice husk ash, sludge, fly ash and fly ash are waste materials used in concrete mix as supplement of cement. All these waste materials enhanced the mechanical and physical properties of concrete mix. Nowadays Sugarcane bagasse ash is getting the more attention of researcher due its fineness and help to improve the setting properties, strength properties and corrosion retardant. India has sugarcane production about the 341.20 MMT (million metric ton), secured second position in world after the Brazil. Sugarcane peel left as a residue afterthe production of sugar. In this review article, author reviewed several research papers based on uses of bagasse ash in concrete mix. Bagasse ash enhanced the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength the durability and Chloride ion penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete (PSRC) structural frame systems for moment-resisting, comprised of Prefabricated Steel (S) girders and Precast Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) columns. This structural system has the advantage of inherent stiffness and damping during a seismic event. PSRC moment-resisting frame system is also known for its construction efficiency, lightweight and low-cost. Earlier investigations have shown PSRC systems useful in designing and constructing the buildings while maintaining ample strength and high ductility during seismic incidents. Despite much previous research on it, the use of the PSRC structural system in India is still limited. Previous studies have accepted a vital need to review thorough structural systems using experiment and analytical studies-to validate the understanding collected till date and act as evidence of concept for the PSRC moment-resisting frame system. This paper aims to facilitate more recognition and use of the PSRC structural system as a feasible choice to traditional RCC lateral resisting systems. Two structures are studied to evaluate low-rise PSRC and RCC structures' performance during maximum considered earthquake events. These consist of typical steel beams and Precast R.C. columns frame buildings. Four-story PSRC buildings are designed according to Indian Codes of practice. Design columns under provisions of Indian reinforced concrete structures code, and beams are designed according to Indian steel construction code. The comparative studies for the two buildings are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is the way of the future, and it is already here. The revolution of the automobile industry has accelerated globally in recent years. Electric Vehicles (EV's) are gaining great popularity in India and throughout the globe, however there is still significant resistance in adoption of EV's due to its poor range, long charging hours and less effective charging infrastructure. So, compared to the adoption of Fully Electric Vehicles (FEV), Hybrid vehicles may be fast and readily adopted because of their benefits such as high load capacity, high gradability, no range anxiety etc. Hybrid electric vehicle rider can experience the advantages of both fossil fuel and electricity powered technology. An innovative way for transforming an IC engine scooter into a hybrid (petrol and electric) powered scooter is provided in this paper. Techno-economic calculations are carried out for the converted vehicle, as well as the observations and results of range tests, top speed and acceleration tests are given. The road-load coefficients were also estimated. During the conversion process rear wheel is integrated with a single side shaft BLDC Hub Motor, which improves the scooter's dynamic stability. The scooter's power electronics and Li-ion battery pack are safely placed within the scooter's exterior body. This cost-effective hybrid scooter conversion methodology combines the benefits of a petrol and electric scooter. The battery gets charged while the hybrid electric vehicle is running on petrol mode. This hybrid electric scooter includes regenerative braking technology as well as parking assist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission-free economy is an achievable target with the formulation of policies by the Governments around the globe. A major contribution is made by the transport industry. Delhi is one of the examples among the cities in India which is polluting the air by transportation which is about 20 percent. Towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the nation has to take a different trajectory from concentrating on the technical aspect of reducing the hazardous emissions to refining the regulatory awareness. The research study is based on the statistical inputs provided by the government agencies and the judicial verdicts seeking a pollution free atmosphere. The Judiciary has been proactively recommending and directing the respective government to take necessary action towards controlling the pollution caused due to road transport. Nevertheless, the use of Artificial Intelligence has been an area which has not been strongly recommended by the apex court. The regulatory and judicial control over the emissions is towards a penalizing perspective and the technological assistance has not been resorted to. Though a one hundred percent emission-free economy is not a possibility, the areas which are still not explored or have not been brought under the purview of consideration have been the scope of study in the research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces as the prime objective, the students' perspective towards online studies amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak which has turn out to be of utmost importance due to increased demand to opt for online learning as the only method of teaching and learning. It must also be addressed that the future of online learning is more promising and challenging as well. Overall rating for the acceptance towards online sessions, comfort level of students, ease of classes, access to and submission of the assignments and assessments, delivery of faculties, level of infrastructure available, existing technologies and internet connectivity of the students were recorded. Data was collected from the students of Department of Hospitality Management of a renowned deemed to be university in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India through questionnaire over eight weeks lockdown period through 84 respondents between April and May 2021. The sample was made up of the undergraduate students. The paper shares a conceptual framework of Students' Perspective towards Online Studies amid COVID-19 Outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, we live in 21st century where automation is playing a major role in human race. Automation ensures higher production rates, improved safety and shorter workweeks for labours. Many farmers today can't afford to use automation and control machines owing to their high cost. Many villages in India have to use fuel based irrigation system due to a shortage of electricity. Fuels cause global warming and pollution in environment. In this paper our aim is to propose an automatic irrigation system which is cost effective and farmers can use it in an agricultural field. As the system is automated, the pump turns ON/OFF only when the moisture content of soil is below critical level which is regulated by a soil moisture sensor. The objectives of this paper are to control the automatic irrigation system with the help of a GSM module. The farmer at his own discretion can send a message to ON/OFF the pump without going to the field. PIC microcontroller, LCD display, sensors have been used as prime components. Farmer can control the system in automatic or manual mode also substantially reduce the electricity and water cost. We would discuss the design and implementation of the automated irrigation system. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented and the experimental results are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over one billion students from 150 countries are impacted due to the COVID-19 driven lockdown and educational institution closure as per the report shared by UNESCO. Innumerous efforts have been put up by the Governments of every country to control the impact of the COVID-19 but unfortunately, there is no vaccine available till now so social distancing is the only way to have an upper hand on it. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational systems worldwide and led to the widespread closures of Educational Institutions across the globe. Numerous educational reformers have long-held out the expectation that information and computer technologies (ICTs) will play a crucial and integral role in bringing the long-needed revolution to teaching and learning pedagogies. The situation which took place due to COVID-19, the Online Education Systems and Platforms (OESP) are playing an important role to continue with the teaching processes in the educational institutions during the worldwide closure. Statistical analysis of the covid situation on the teaching-learning process has been depicted in this paper. The present paper focuses on the change of action in the education system and the exponential growth that happened in the Online Education Segment in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses major Data Protection and Privacy laws that have been adopted in India and Europe. The formation of the Personal Data Protection Bill is a breakthrough for India's privacy system. PDPB is considered equivalent to the General Data Protection Regulation because of similar rules and regulations. The authors compare and summarize to create a better understanding of both the laws. Intensive research has been done to brief about the laws through the existing sources. The initial section discusses the reforms that led to the formation of GDPR and how it has impacted the formation of the Personal Data Protection Bill. Further, few data breaches and their consequences are encapsulated in the paper, which occurred in the EU since the GDPR was implemented. It can be said that GDPR highly influences the formation of PBPD. The authors conclude by outlining the similarities and dissimilarities of the two laws in a tabular format in the last section and the implications of the PDPB if and when applicable in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives a short overview of the financial world affected through COVID-19. To be more precise, it is about the changing (negative) interest rates of Europe, the US as well as India. At the same time, the paper discusses the Bitcoin exchange rate as well as the current situation regarding money laundering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years, the South Peninsular India (SPI) is facing natural calamities in terms of rainfall extremes. With the advent of satellite datasets, the challenges in the prediction of rainfall have improved to some extent. In this paper, effort has been made to evaluate Climate Prediction Center (CPC)-South Asia data set, CPC Morphing Technique (CMORPH) against observed Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) daily precipitation data over SPI. Different statistical indices including 4 categorical indices were used to assess the capability of the product in estimating precipitation extent and rainfall occurrence prediction of monsoon season from 2014 – 2020. Results suggest a strong correlation (0.8), Index of Agreement (0.9) and Kling Gupta Efficiency Index (0.7) between the predicted and observed data. Higher value of Probability of Detection (POD), Critical Success Index (CSI) and a lower value of False Alarm Ratio (FAR) implies the strong capability of CMORPH in the precipitation estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil nailing is a versatile construction technique used in stabilizing natural as well as man-made earth slopes. In Europe, this technique was initially developed and probable in various provinces. Now, this technique is widely used worldwide and used in India also. The process of soil nailing is simply embracing reinforcement for passively strengthening soil slopes. The soil nailing is mostly incumbent on the method of construction as well as the type and nature of soil or rock. The nail bending, dilation, soil moisture, overburden pressure, grout pressure, and nail roughness also affect the soil nail resistance. This paper aims to explore some important ideas or state of the art on ground improvement techniques, such as nailed soil slope and systematic techniques prolonged by a broad investigation of the method of slope stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly deals with the design and analysis of Agriculture data using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Agriculture includes cultivating the soil and we can grow different types of crops. In India there are 28 states and 8 Union Territories. In each and every state people are farming and they are developing our agriculture in so many ways. Every state has its own farm for example: - Andhra Pradesh-Rice, Bazra, maize, ragi, pulses etc; the other name for agriculture is "Back Bone of India ". The sediment pressure is due to erosion and soil loss. Diffusion in nature occurs in the fine-grained sediments. Statistical analysis is being carried out for effective solution based on different parameters. This helps to get more information for farmers to make critical farming decisions. Researchers focused on agriculture and found an optimal option to increase production. Experimental data is analyzed and the production is optimized for agriculture such that it is more resilient to climatic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles with a minimum size of 100 nanometers or less. A decade of investigation into this composite material's wet-spreading properties, antibacterial activity, and other unique characteristics has attracted scientific interest. Nanofluids' enhanced features and behavior may benefit many industries such as chemical and process, transportation, electronics, medicine, energy and the environment. This includes device optimization and continuous improvements. Nanofluids have recently acquired prominence due to their ability to increase heat and mass transfer. The reported enhancements in nanofluids' mass diffusion and convective mass transfer coefficients are considerably larger than those observed in heat transfer research. This research concentrates on the most significant advancements in nanofluids and their fluid flow properties and their applicability in a variety of engineering fields. This investigation focuses on current nanofluid applications in chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, solar energy, sustainable architectural design, wastewater treatment, transportation, and industrial cooling. In addition, the importance of clinical imaging including the use of nanofluids in it were investigated and the colloidal drug administration and nanofluids are covered as well. Furthermore, to further examine and evaluate the term "nanofluids" and its engineering applications in different countries worldwide from 1997 to 2022, this article analyzed Scopus publications to do a statistical representation of published works in this field. According to the results, nanofluids applications are of particular importance to India and Iran, as shown by the 2476 and 2131 published papers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is in the midst of a water crisis, with the country's population expected to face severe water scarcity by 2025. With rising population expansion and development, different means for ensuring water availability must be seriously examined. Greywater management, which is defined as all sources of residential wastewater except toilet wastewater (Blackwater), is becoming increasingly significant, particularly in rural regions, where poor wastewater management is one of the leading causes of pollution and fatal diseases. Greywater reuse, when done correctly, has a lot of potential as an alternative water source for things like irrigation and toilet flushing. The 'Constructed Wetland (CW) system' is a solution that has proven to be particularly effective in recycling greywater. The various treatment technologies for greywater treatment are discussed in this paper. The possibilities for reuse of treated greywater are also discussed in the article. The eco-friendly nature, low capital investment, zero energy requirements and O&M hassle free approach in CW clearly identifies it as a sustainable alternative to conventional treatment systems for greywater management in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its simplest form, a pandemic like Covid-19 progresses roughly according to a logistical law – exponentially at first till a peak rate is reached and then the curve turns and finally levels off. However, this textbook feature is interrupted by lockdowns, other pandemic mitigating protocols, and the emergence of new variants and so the picture becomes complex with multiple wavelike interferences. In this paper, we identify two components – the death rate per million of population (N) and the fractional rate of change (f) at each stage. We propose a series of hierarchically ordered indicators with a final second-order indicator X = f2N. This serves as a single number metric summarising the criticality of the rate of progress of the pandemic at that stage. We use as examples, the progress of Covid-19 at the global level, and within India. This helps to reveal the complex features of the evolution of a pandemic in a region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the largest countries of the world with a high population density. Being a developing country, this nation is facing enormous challenges in regulating its air quality. Population growth, vehicular ownership, urbanization, demand of energy and industrialization process are driving the pollution level to an alarming state in Delhi which is the capital of India. Accurate air quality index (AQI) forecasting of Delhi will assist Government in making strategic decisions so as to avoid catastrophic deterioration in the quality of healthy air. Motivated from this, in this paper, for the first time a systematic study is made to assess the effectiveness of four promising univariate statistical forecasting models and twelve machine learning (ML) models in predicting the AQI of Delhi. Four accuracy measures including "mean absolute scaled error (MASE), symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE), root means square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)" are used to assess the performance of statistical and ML models. Extensive statistical analyses on obtained results using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test illustrate the superiority of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models than other considered models in predicting the Delhi AQI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With current trends of going IT Industry employment in India and work from home culture in these IT industries, IT risk management is seeking a great change and thus need of new framework is paramount in current perspective. This paper examines the existing most of IT risk management frameworks and tries to find some solution with respect to the recent developments in IT industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is meant with an comprehensive study to understand the bending behavior of ferrocement slabs which is put through various loading conditions. The idea of composite slabs with proper closed decking along with connectors that can resist shear has a good developed way. In developing countries like India the usage of composite slabs has not reached its full extent because of the constraints in fabrication, exposure resistance to climate and other beauty aspects. The depth of conventional R.C.C slabs normally used for ceilings and floor diaphragms may range from 100 to 500mm thick. Slabs of minimal thickness are used only for road slab paving. The usage of raft foundation is becoming common in the current times. These are used for constructing high rise buildings and multifloor structures. In which a large concrete bed is made and the entire structure is being built on it. The raft entirely lies on the bed of soil. This raft is of heavy depth and self weight. Steps can be taken to reduce the depths of these slabs. Ferrocement panels acts as both as formworks and as load bearing component in the structure and these types of slabs reduces the depth of elements to a good extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has been known for practicing Yoga which is embedded into its culture and heritage since times immemorial as a gateway to good health and wellness. It is India that has given to the world Yoga and Ayurveda – the two prominent therapies. The sedentary life style that was deemed to be a threat to the healthy life-style at the fag end of 20th century has emerged as a monster in the 21st century with a host of life style diseases in the form of a number of health disorders like cardiac ailments, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, carcinoma, and mental disorders etc that the world suffers from. The 21st century life style is full of stress and strain to the nearly 8 billion habitants of this planet. It is this stress which originates from a response to any stimuli which causes an alteration in the way body functions. The bodily changes involve both physical as well as psychological changes. Whenever there is an alteration in the way normal body functioning happens, a series of detrimental effects emerge in the human body and it not merely at physical level. Such changes happen at mental level too. Through this paper, an attempt is being made to introduce the concept of pranayama (a form of yoga which comprises deep rhythmic breathing in controlled manner). The basic tenet in pranayama is two way relationship between emotion and breathing. That means, it is not only emotions which impact our breathing, but by way of controlling rhythmic breathing through yoga, we can positively alter emotions too. The study involved human subjects who willingly agreed to be a part of particular experimentation involving practice of nadi shodhan pranayama (alternate nostril breathing) for 18 weeks. The outcome: there was a significant improvement by 22% in the health, a substantial gain in memory power by 19.15%, a reduction in the mental stress levels by 21.23% and 24.86 were relieved of their physical discomforts belonging to Generation Z in the pre- and post-nadi shodhan pranayama practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]