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This paper reviews the past, present and future status of recoil-isomer tagging at the University of Jyväskylä. The main focus of this research has been to access isomeric states at and beyond the mass ≈140 proton drip line. Recoil-isomer tagging was first used at the University of Jyväskylä in 1998 to establish the prompt rotational band built upon a Kπ = 8- isomeric state in 138Gd. Since that time a series of experiments have been performed which have studied isomeric states in the N = 77 isotones 63140Eu77, 65142Tb77 and 67144Ho77, and in the N = 74 K-isomer chain, 64138Gd74 and 66140Dy74. These experiments have revealed valuable first information about deformations, single-particle excitation energies and hindrance factors in nuclei at and beyond the proton drip line where little or no information previously existed. The results of the most-recent experiments were discussed. These experiments established new isomeric states in 66143Dy77, 61136Pm75, and 64137Gd73 and a further two isomers which are currently unplaced. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future prospects for this research including the increased efficiency of the recoil-isomer tagging technique with a new Multi-Wire Proportional Counter (MWPC) detector which was designed and built at the University of Manchester. The first results from this new setup were shown. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subramanian “Ram” Raman, a distinguished nuclear physicist and senior staff member of the Physics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), died April 8, 2003. In June 1966, Raman joined the staff at ORNL working in the Nuclear Data Project. This position provided him insights into important open questions in nuclear structure physics, and the power of “horizontal” compilations of properties across a broad range of nuclei. These insights would guide Raman’s research interests throughout his 36-year career at ORNL. As shown by his great variety of publications, Raman’s research career was marked by an intense interest in all areas of nuclear physics. He published papers on topics ranging from detailed nuclear structure to giant resonances, to the search for superheavy nuclei, to the scattering of heavy ions. His research resulted in over 200 published papers and over 3000 citations of his work. It is however, his nuclear data evaluations, both horizontal and vertical, that we most often remember. His most often cited papers deal with the evaluation and systematics of nuclear data, and he helped establish many of the “rules” and guidelines for assignment of nuclear level properties. An overview of Raman’s work at ORNL is presented. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper broadly covers key events and activities from which the Department of Energy Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) evolved. The NCSP maintains fundamental infrastructure that supports operational criticality safety programs. This infrastructure includes continued development and maintenance of key calculational tools, differential and integral data measurements, benchmark compilation, development of training resources, hands-on training, and web-based systems to enhance information preservation and dissemination. The NCSP was initiated in response to Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Recommendation 97-2, Criticality Safety, and evolved from a predecessor program, the Nuclear Criticality Predictability Program, that was initiated in response to Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Recommendation 93-2, The Need for Critical Experiment Capability. This paper also discusses the role Dr. Sol Pearlstein played in helping the Department of Energy lay the foundation for a robust and enduring criticality safety infrastructure. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a surge of progress and published results in neutrino cross-section physics in recent years. In many cases, absolute differential cross-sections are being measured for the first time and can be compared to interaction models first developed decades ago. These measurements are important input for the next generation of accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments where precise understanding of both signal and background channels will be critical to the observation of sub-dominant oscillation effects. This paper discusses recent results from several experiments and describes new experiments currently under construction dedicated to making these measurements with unprecedented precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports the results of experimental and theoretical work leading to construction of a CAE system dedicated to the numerical simulation of plastic deformation of steel at coexistence liquid and solid phase. A coupled thermal-mechanical model including inverse analysis technique was adopted for the solver. The advantage of the solution was the analytical form of both incompressibility and mass conservation conditions. This can prevent usual FEM variational solution problems concerning unintentional specimen volume loss caused by the numerical errors. The only well known machine allowing tests in the discussed temperature range is the GLEEBLE thermo-mechanical simulator. Experiments of deformation of steel in semi-solid state by using this machine are very expensive. Therefore, application of dedicated computer simulation system with inverse method makes tests possible and results in lowering testing cost. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of orientation of fibers or thin micro-particles in various flows involving the processing of composite materials has not been fully understood although it is much significant to obtain the knowledge of the processing operations of particle reinforced composites as well as to improve the properties of the advanced composites. The objective of this paper is to introduce and well understand the evolution of the particle orientation in a suspension flow and flow kinematics induced by suspended particles by means of our two research work. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompt photons with high transverse momenta in pp collisions at [formula] at the Tevatron collider have been studied by CDF and DØ collaborations. In this paper I present results on production cross-sections for: isolated photons (DØ), photons with heavy flavor jets (CDF) and di-photon final states (CDF). The experimental data are compared against predictions of several QCD models. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GEANT4 is a detector simulation toolkit aimed at studying, mainly experimental high energy physics. In this paper we will give an overview of this software with special reference to its applications in high energy physics experiments. A brief of process methods is given. Object-oriented nature of the simulation toolkit is highlighted. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a brief discussion on regular structures of many-body systems generated from random two-body interactions. In particular, we discuss the famous problem of spin zero ground state dominance, regularities of energy centroids and collectivity in the presence of random interactions. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-proton radioactivity was predicted more than 40 years ago. According to recent theoretical predictions, proton drip-line nuclei in the A=40–55 region were identified as the most promising candidates. The recent observation of two-proton radioactivity of 45Fe confirmed these predictions nicely. In the present paper, we will summarize experimental results for the decay of 45Fe, which include data from the 2002 discovery of this radcioactivity, but also new data. In addition, we will report on the first observation of 54Zn and its decay by two-proton radioactivity, the second case of this new decay mode. Finally, we will discuss tentative evidence for a small two-proton radioactivity branch for 48Ni. These experimental results are confronted to modern theories which succeed in describing reasonably well this decay mode. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nuclear space power system that consists of a solid metal nuclear reactor core with heat pipes carrying energy to a cylindrical thermoelectric converter surrounding each of the heat pipes with a heat pipe radiator surrounding the thermoelectric converter is the most simple and reliable space power system. This means no single point of failure since each heat pipe and cylindrical converter is a separate power system and if one fails it will not affect the others. The heat pipe array in the solid core is designed so that if an isolated heat pipe or even two adjacent heat pipes fail, the remaining heat pipes will still transport the core heat without undue overheating of the uranium nitride fuel. The primary emphasis in this paper is on simplicity, reliability and fabricability of such a space nuclear power source. The core and heat pipes are made of Niobium 1% Zirconium alloy (Nb1Zr), with rhenium lined fuel tubes, bonded together by hot isostatic pressure, (HIPing) and with sodium as the heat pipe working fluid, can be operated up to 1250K. The cylindrical thermoelectric converter is made by depositing the constituents of the converter around a Nb1%Zr tube and encasing it in a Nb 1% Zr alloy tube and HIPing the structure to get final bonding and to produce residual compressive stresses in all brittle materials in the converter. A radiator heat pipe filled with potassium that operates at 850K is bonded to the outside of the cylindrical converter for cooling. The solid core heat pipe and cylindrical converter are mated by welding during the final assembly. A solid core reactor with 150 heat pipes with a 0.650-inch (1.65 cm) ID and a 30-inch (76.2 cm) length with an output of 8 Watts per square inch as demonstrated by the SP100 PD2 cell tests will produce about 80 KW of electrical power. An advanced solid core reactor made with molybdenum 47% rhenium alloy, with lithium heat pipes and the PD2 theoretical output of 11 watts per square inch or advanced higher temperature converter to operate at 1350K could produce a greater output of approximately 100KW. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large production of the cc pairs and high integrated luminosity make the PEP-II B Factory an excellent place for studying the charm hadrons. In this paper, we present a few of the most recent results from the BABAR collaboration in the charm sector. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the background reduction and rejection strategy of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment. Recent measurements of background levels from CDMS II at Soudan are presented, along with estimates for future improvements in sensitivity expected for a proposed SuperCDMS experiment at SNOLAB. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Modane Underground Laboratory, with an overburden of 4800 m.w.e, offers an excellent site for experiments requiring a low-background environment. The laboratory is currently hosting experiments in particle and astroparticle physics and low-level germanium gamma-ray spectrometry activities. This paper sketchs the main characteristics, scientific activities and facilities of the laboratory as well as its insertion in the European program ILIAS. Special emphasis is given to the description of the low radioactivity measurements and Germanium detectors. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines methods the Borexino experiment uses to reduce surface contamination from radon progeny. The first section describes the deposition of airborne radon progeny. It includes measurements of the deposition rate in clean room conditions and describes steps that were taken to minimize the exposure of critical components in the experiment. The second part covers the adsorption of contaminants on surfaces through liquid contact. It summarizes measurements of the partitioning constant, cleaning effectiveness, and the time scales for the desorption of contaminants from a surface. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmogenic-induced activity is an issue of great concern for many sensitive experiments sited underground. A variety of different arch-type experiments — such as those geared toward the detection of dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay and solar neutrinos — have reached levels of cleanliness and sensitivity that warrant careful consideration of secondary activity induced by cosmic rays. This paper reviews some of the main issues associated with the modeling of cosmogenic activity underground. Comparison with data, when such data is available, is also presented. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using multiple liquid-scintillatior detectors at distances between 0.1 and 3 km from a nuclear reactor has the potential to determine the yet unknown neutrino-mixing angle θ13 via inverse β-decay reaction on protons. The coincidence tag between the emitted prompt positron and delayed neutron provides a clear signature of anti-neutrino event. The neutron capture signal is greatly enhanced by loading gadolinium into the liquid scintillator, due to the large (n, γ) cross sections of Gd isotopes. BNL has developed a procedure to synthesize Gd-loaded scintillator with long attenuation length (> 10 m), high light output (> 95% of pseudocumene), and long-tern stability (> 5 months to date). The purification and chemical quality of BNL-synthesized Gd-LS are discussed in the paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have several activities in our center; NIFS database, data evaluation, application atomic processes to real plasmas mainly by collisional radiative models. We also would like to develop quantum plasma science, a new field relates atomic, molecular and nuclear physics in plasmas. The work on database and data evaluation in our atomic and molecular data research center are described in this paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I illustrate how the ability to rapidly access the broad range of nuclear data has facilitated my research in fields from searches for double beta decay, to measurements of astrophysical reaction rates, to issues in homeland security. In doing this, I hope to persuade even the skeptics that for the benefit of the broad scientific community, it is imperative that the outstanding work of the nuclear data community continue. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear data needs can play an important role for innovative nuclear systems. However, in order to establish priority items, a systematic sensitivity/uncertainty analysis must be performed. Same selected examples will be discussed in this paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nuclear Ramsauer model is a semi-classical, analytic approximation to nucleon-nucleus scattering that reproduces total cross-section data at the 1% level for A > 40, En = 5–60 MeV with 7–10 parameters. A quick overview of the model is given, demonstrating the model’s utility in nuclear data evaluation. The Ramsauer model predictions for reaction cross section, elastic cross section, and elastic scattering angular distributions are considered. In a recent paper it has been shown that the nuclear Ramsauer model does not do well in predicting details of the angular distribution of neutron elastic scattering for incident energies of less than 60 MeV for 208Pb. However, in this contribution it is demonstrated that the default angular bin dispersion most widely used in Monte Carlo transport codes is such that the observed differences in angular shapes are on too fine a scale to affect transport calculations. Simple studies indicate that 512–2048 bins are necessary to achieve the dispersion required for calculations to be sensitive to the observed discrepancies in angular distributions. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1970s, Dr. Raman visited Japan many times and established a good and fruitful relationship with many scientists from universities and institutions in Japan. Many Japanese scientists, in particular young researchers, also worked together with him at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Through this successful collaboration, we made various achievements in the nuclear data and nuclear physics fields. Japanese researchers all remember Dr. Raman as a very active and warmhearted person. In this paper, some of the results that Dr. Raman established by collaborating with Japanese scientists will be presented. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton and neutron data as well as photon data are necessary in various intermediate energy applications. To meet these requirements, many groups in the world continue some activities concerning nuclear data evaluation in the energy range above 20 MeV, which is the upper limit of conventional general-purpose evaluated nuclear data files. In this paper, reviewed is brief history of intermediate energy nuclear data development as well as Pearlstein’s contribution for it. Present status of world evaluated nuclear data files in the intermediate energy region is reported as well as evaluation methodology and sample results of evaluation and integral benchmark tests by using the case of JENDL High Energy File as an example. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new evaluated nuclear data library has been created. The library consists of two sub-libraries for neutron and proton incident particles. The first version of neutron sub-library has been completed and described in the present paper. The library contains nuclear data for transport, heating, and shielding applications for 242 nuclides ranging in atomic number from 8 to 82 in the energy region of primary neutrons from 10-5 eV to 150 MeV. Data below 20 MeV are taken mainly from ENDF/B-VI (Revision 8) and for some nuclides, from the JENDL-3.3 and JEFF-3.0 libraries. The evaluation of emitted particle energy and angular distributions at the energies above 20 MeV was performed with the help of the ALICE/ASH code and the analysis of available experimental data. The total cross sections, elastic cross sections, and elastic scattering angular distributions were calculated with the help of the coupled channel model. The results of the calculation were adjusted to the data from ENDF/B-VI, JENDL-3.3m or JEFF-3.0 at the neutron energy equal to 20 MeV. The library is written in ENDF/B-VI format using the MF=3/MT=5 and MF=6/MT=5 representations. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium-103 is a prominent fission product in nuclear reactors as well as a usual detector in fast neutron activation or dosimetry techniques. The neutron-induced reactions and the energy regions of interest differ significantly depending on the applications. In this paper, a new evaluation spanning the 0- to 30-MeV energy range is described. The quality of the transitions between the various energy intervals was assessed with the help of statistical techniques to test the resonance parameter distributions and the SPRT method to check optical model calculations. The evaluated nuclear data file was verified and processed. The quality of the data was successfully tested against both differential and integral results for activation, thermal and fast reactor applications. This new file should be part of the upcoming JEFF-3.1 library. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Working Party on International Nuclear Data Cooperation represents a collaborative effort of major nuclear-reaction data-evaluation projects. The technical work is presently performed by 3 standing and 6 short-term subgroups. Among the most recent achievements are the establishment of ModLib (modular nuclear reaction code library), the development of a new version of neutron cross-section standards, and an effort to improve the 238U+n evaluation. The paper reviews achievements of the Working Party and outlines its future plans. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat generated by irradiated nuclear fuel is one of the important considerations for its safe storage, transport and possible recycling. One method to calculate the decay heat of irradiated fuel is from an inventory code such as FISPIN or ORIGEN-S. These codes were part of a code comparison that showed that if using the same nuclear data their results for a set of testcases differed by less than 1 part in 103. This paper compares FISPIN decay heat calculations with a selection of fission pulse experiments (U235, U238, Pu239 and Pu241) and UOX PWR assembly calorimetric measurements. The calculations were performed using libraries based upon JEF-1 (1986), JEF-2.2 (1993) and a preliminary JEFF-3 file that includes a UK fission product yield file (UKFY3.5). The results show that both JEF-2.2 and the preliminary JEFF-3 data predict the decay heat to a similar accuracy and generally within 5%. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial objective of this work was an updated review on the Am isotopes data since the next official release (3.1) of the JEFF3 evaluated data file is foreseen around June 2005. Alternatively, this work searches for the possible reasons of the observed discrepancies between differential and integral measurement results. In particular, strong differences are encountered on σγth values and epithermal branching ratio values for the 241Am. Although the JEF2.2 validation is used as guide in parallel with a systematic study of all differential and integral results available, the need for new measurements clearly shows up. This paper finally draws up a list of desired and feasible new differential and integral measurements on the Am isotopes. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Nuclear Data Program maintains and provides easy and free access to several comprehensive databases that assist scientists to sift through and assess the vast quantity of published nuclear structure and decay data. These databases are an invaluable asset for nuclear-science experimentalists and theorists alike, and the recommended values provided for nuclear properties such as decay modes, level energies and lifetimes, and radiation properties can also be of great importance to specialists in other fields such as medicine, geophysics, and reactor design. The Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) contains experimental nuclear structure data for all known nuclides, evaluated by the US nuclear data program evaluators in collaboration with a number of international data groups; the Nuclear Science Reference (NSR) database provides complementary bibliographic information; the Experimental Unevaluated Nuclear Data Listing (XUNDL) exists to enable rapid access to experimental nuclear-structure data compiled from the most recent publications (primarily in high-spin physics). This paper presents an overview of the nuclear structure and decay data available through these databases, with emphasis on recent and forthcoming additions to and presentations of the available material. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in nuclear data uncertainties is growing robustly after having languished for several years. Renewed attention to this topic is being motivated by the practical need for assuring that nuclear systems will be safe, reliable, and cost effective, according to the individual requirements of each specific nuclear technology. Furthermore, applications are emerging in certain areas of basic nuclear science, e.g., in astrophysics, where, until recently, attention has focused mainly on understanding basic concepts and physics principles rather than on dealing with detailed quantitative information. The availability of fast computers and the concurrent development of sophisticated software enable nuclear data uncertainty information to be used more effectively than ever before. For example, data uncertainties and associated methodologies play useful roles in advanced data measurement, analysis, and evaluation procedures. Unfortunately, the current inventory of requisite uncertainty information is rather limited when measured against these evolving demands. Consequently, there is a real need to generate more comprehensive and reasonable nuclear data uncertainty information, and to make this available relatively soon in suitable form for use in the computer codes employed for nuclear analyses and the development of advanced nuclear energy systems. This conference contribution discusses several conceptual and technical issues that need to be addressed in meeting this demand during the next few years. The role of data uncertainties in several areas of nuclear science will also be mentioned briefly. Finally, the opportunities that ultimately will be afforded by the availability of more extensive and reasonable uncertainty information, and some technical challenges to master, will also be explored in this paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internal conversion and electron-positron pair creation processes provide a versatile tool for investigating various aspects of the nuclear structure. The most recent calculations of Internal Conversion Coefficients, based on relativistic self-consistent Dirac-Fock calculations are widely regarded as the most accurate numerical results available today. The International Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Network has adopted the new conversion coefficients to replace the Hager and Seltzer, Rössel et al., and Band and Trzhaskovskaya tables. In this paper we report on the development of a new conversion electron data base and associated programs, which includes the new internal conversion coefficients tables, published in At. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 81, (2002) 1. Additional calculations have been carried out to extend the energy range, as well as improve the interpolation accuracy to obtain conversion coefficients in the 1-keV to 6000-keV region. Additional data tables have been compiled from published data to obtain values of electron-positron pair conversion coefficients and Ω(E0) electronic factors. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with a discussion of the requirements and goals for high quality general-purpose evaluations the paper will describe the procedures chosen in our evaluation work for JEFF for producing new general evaluations with complete covariance information for all cross sections (file 3 data). Key problems essential for the goal of making the best possible use of the existing theoretical and experimental knowledge on neutron interactions with the respective nuclide will be addressed, especially the problem of assigning covariances to calculated cross sections, necessary checking procedures for all experimental data and various possibilities to amend the experimental database beyond the obvious use of EXFOR data for the respective cross sections. In this respect both, the use of elemental cross sections in isotopic evaluations and the use of implicit cross-section data (that is data which can be converted into cross sections by simple methods) will be discussed in some detail. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments with slow neutrons can be used to address a number of scientific issues in the areas of nuclear, particle, and astrophysics, and this conference includes a number of examples. We give in this paper a brief overview of the scientific issues. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of a Lead Slowing-Down Spectrometer (LSDS) installed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) are presented in this paper. This instrument is designed to study neutron-induced fission on ultra small quantities of actinides, on the order of tens of nanograms or less. The measurements of the energy-time relation, energy resolution and neutron flux are compared to simulations performed with MCNPX. Results on neutron-induced fission of 235U and 239Pu with tens of micrograms and tens of nanograms, respectively, are presented. Finally, a digital filter designed to improve the detection of fission events at short time after the proton pulses is described. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutron Time of Flight (n_TOF) facility at CERN is a source of a wide-range (1 eV

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, or LANSCE, is an accelerator-based national user facility for research in basic and applied science using four experimental areas. LANSCE has two areas that provide neutrons generated by the 800-MeV proton beam striking tungsten target systems. A third area uses the proton beam for radiography. The fourth area uses 100 MeV protons to produce medical radioisotopes. This paper describes the four LANSCE experimental areas, gives nuclear science highlights of the past operating period, and discusses plans for the future. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary fission constitutes an important source of helium and tritium gas production in nuclear reactors and in used fuel elements. Data related to this production are therefore requested by nuclear industry. In the present paper, we report results from measurements of the 4He and 3H emission probabilities (denoted LRA/B and t/B, respectively). These measurements concern both thermal neutron-induced fission reactions as well as spontaneous fission decays. For spontaneous fission, data are reported for nuclides ranging from 238Pu up to 252Cf. For thermal neutron-induced fission, results cover target nuclei between 229Th and 251Cf. Based on these and other results, semi-empirical relations are proposed. These correlations are only valid if spontaneous fission data and neutron-induced fission data are considered separately, which shows the impact of the fissioning nucleus-excitation energy on the ternary particle-emission process. In this way, t/B and LRA/B values could be evaluated for fissioning systems not investigated so far. These results could be used for the ternary fission-yield evaluation of the JEFF3.1 library. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin natural uranium targets were irradiated by a 660 MeV proton beam from the Phasotron accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. Cross-sections of the formation of residual nuclei natU(p,xpyn)ZARes are determined by methods of gamma spectroscopy. Until now, 43 long-lived (T1/2 > 100 days) isotopes were observed and their cross-sections determined. More than 350 intermediate-lived (1 day < T1/2 < 100 days) and short-lived (T1/2 < 1 day) isotopes have been identified in the γ-spectra and many unanalyzed lines yet remain. Final results for 43 long-lived isotopes and upper cross-section limits for 27 long-lived isotopes are presented in this paper and compared with results by five different models. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) and nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET), and related de-excitation, are two important electromagnetic processes to modify the nuclear state populations. In this paper, we present, on one hand, an experiment accepted at GANIL (France) in September 2004 to measure the NEEC effect with a fully stripped 57Fe ion beam and, on the other hand, a complete calculation leading to the NEET rate of the first excited state of the 235U in a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) plasma. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the chemical elements and their isotopes were created by nuclear fusion reactions in the hot interiors of remote and long-vanished stars over many billions of years. The present picture is that all elements from carbon to uranium have been produced entirely within stars during their fiery lifetimes and explosive deaths. The detailed understanding of the origin of the chemical elements and their isotopes combines astrophysics and nuclear physics, and forms what is called nuclear astrophysics. In turn, nuclear reactions are at the heart of nuclear astrophysics: they influence sensitively the nucleosynthesis of the elements in the earliest stages of the universe and in all the objects formed thereafter, and control the associated energy generation, neutrino luminosity, and evolution of stars. A good knowledge of the rates of these fusion reactions is essential to understanding this broad picture. Some of the most important experimental techniques to measure the corresponding cross sections, based both on direct and indirect methods, will be described in this paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ion injector chain for the LHC has to be adapted and modified to reach the design beam parameters. Up to now an ECR4 delivered the ion beam for the SPS fixed target physics programme. This source will be replaced by a higher intensity source to produce the Pb27+ ion current required to fill the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). The new ion source will be based on the Grenoble Test Source which was itself based on empirical scaling laws derived from the Framework 5 “Innovative ECRIS” collaboration. This paper will describe the design principle, the commissioning timetable and the present status of the source development. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the acceleration of radioactive ions the usable mass range is limited by the A/q acceptance of the first accelerator stage. Since an efficient primary ion source normally produces singly charged ions, charge state breeding is necessary if higher masses are to be accelerated. At TRIUMF an ECR source has been chosen as a breeder due to its potential high efficiency in producing intermediate A/q values. To minimize the necessity for further stripping an A/q around 6 is desirable. A 14 GHz “PHOENIX” booster from Pantechnik has been set up on a test bench. The singly charged ions are produced from different ion sources, which can be mounted in a standard ISAC target-ion-source set-up. For the first tests an ECR source to produce noble gas beams has been chosen. The aim of the measurements at the test bench is to find the optimum operation conditions of the charge state booster and the injection and extraction ion optics. Working with radioactive ions always means that the system should aim for high efficiency, as the production of such species is limited. Therefore, special emphasis has to be put on the highest yield for the production of the desired charge state. A second point is the analysis of the extracted beam quality in order to optimize mass separation and transport efficiency. The paper shows the status of the set-up and reports on first results of the charge breeding of Ar, Ne and Xe. With Xe a total efficiency of 22.5 % has been achieved. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a brief description is given of the on-going upgrade of the CAPRICE-type ECRIS injector of the K=600 AGOR cyclotron at KVI. This upgrade is motivated by the new TRIμP program, which requires a significant increase of available beam intensity by up to two orders in magnitude. The upgrade follows the AECR design of the university of Jyväskylä, which was originally pioneered at LBNL (USA). We will discuss the mechanical design and magnetic field calculations of the solenoidal and the permanent magnetic hexapole fields. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion sources for medical facilities should have characteristics of easy maintenance, low electric power, good stability and long operation time without maintenance (one year or more). Based on the performance of the proto type compact source, a 10 GHz compact ECR ion source with all permanent magnets has been developed. Peak values of the mirror magnetic field along the beam axis are 0.59 T at the extraction side and 0.87 T at the gas injection side, respectively, while the minimum B strength is 0.25 T. The source has a diameter of 320 mm and a length of 295 mm. The result of beam tests showed that a C4+ intensity of 530 μA was obtained under an extraction voltage of 40 kV. This paper describes the experimental results for the new source. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudo-random operators consist of sets of operators that exhibit important statistical features of uniformly distributed operators although their parametrization and generation requires exponentially fewer resources. Pseudo-random operators can be applied for quantum communication tasks such as data-hiding and super-dense coding of quantum states, and enable efficient stochastic methods for noise estimation on prototype quantum processors. This paper summarizes published work by Emerson et al. [Science 302:2098 (2003)] demonstrating a random circuit method for the implementation of pseudo-random unitary operators on a quantum processor and some more recent related results. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and find pulse sequences for non-adiabatic two-qubit gates (CNOT, swap and controlled Z gates) for the Kane silicon-based electron mediated nuclear spin quantum computer architecture. These quantum gates are simpler, with higher fidelity and faster than existing proposals. Any two qubit gate may be implemented using similar pulse sequences. In this paper, we investigate the effect of decoherence on the operation of these quantum gates and some simple algorithms for a variety of dephasing rates. Our model shows that conservative estimates of the dephasing rates in the Kane architecture give gate fidelities comparable to that required for fault tolerant quantum computing. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a talk presented April 21st at the International Conference on Nuclear Physics, Large and Small, Cocoyoc, Mexico. The conference, in honor of my colleague at Bartol, Stuart Pittel, celebrated his work in nuclear theory, which reflects a long tradition of nuclear physics at our institution. Here I briefly review some current aspects of another traditional field at Bartol, cosmic ray physics. I describe three examples in which the energy-dependence of the relative abundances of different nuclei in the cosmic radiation is used to understand their origin. The emphasis is on the high-energy end of the cosmic-ray spectrum, which is accessible only to large, ground-based air shower experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross section of 8Li(α,n)11B is very important for the study of primordial nucleosinthesys models. In this paper we report on the production of a 8Li beam via the 7Li(d,p)8Li reaction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. Also, a novel experimental technique for measuring the reaction 8Li(α,n)11B at energies of astrophysical interest has been implemented and tested. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a new method is presented for particles in storage rings which could reach a statistical sensitivity of 10-27 e·cm for the deuteron EDM. This implies an improvement of two orders of magnitude over the present best limits on the T-odd nuclear forces ξ parameter. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the inflationary cosmology it occurs frequently that the inflaton field is trapped in a local, transient minimum with non-zero vacuum energy. The difficulty regarding the curvature perturbation produced during such a stage is that classically the inflaton does not move so that the comoving hypersurfaces are not well defined at linear order in the scalar field perturbation. In this paper, assuming a mechanism of trapping which resembles a high temperature correction to the potential, we explicitly calculate for the first time the resulting power spectrum of the curvature perturbation by evaluating the quantum two-point correlation function directly. The spectrum is steeply blue with the spectral index nR = 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]