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Adders play an important role in various arithmetic circuits such as multipliers. Speed and power consumption become very vital in multiplier design consideration to conserve energy. In this paper, a 2x2 bit Vedic multiplier has been designed using 3 different adder circuits. The first circuit is utilizing two half adders which used 3 transistors exclusive OR gate (3T XOR), the second circuit used two full adders with 6 transistors XOR (6T XOR) gate and the last circuit used two 13 transistors hybrid full adders (13T HFA). The adders used are combined with four AND gates to form a multiplier module to execute a Vedic mathematics algorithm. This algorithm satisfied the requirement of a fast multiplication operation because of the vertical and crosswise architecture from the Urdhva Triyakbyam Sutra which reduced the number of partial products compared to the conventional multiplication algorithm. The 2x2 bit multiplier is simulated using Synopsys Custom Tools using General Process Design Kit (GPDK) of 90 nm...

As a result of increasing demand for compact electronic device, Floating Gate MOSFET (FGMOS) is implemented into operational amplifier. It can help to scale down the device dimensions as well as the supply voltage. This design technique enable the control of threshold voltage and reduce the complexity of a circuit. The objective of this paper is to review the design of an operational amplifier with certain criteria such as low supply voltage less than 1 V, high bandwidth and low power consumption. From the reviewed results of previous works, it can be concluded the best circuit design of FGMOS based operational amplifier in means for low voltage and power consumption is proposed by Mourabit A El. et al., where the circuit can be operated at 1.5 V for voltage supply and consume power at the value of 2 µW.

The aim of the work is to determine the coordinate system of an eye and insert a polar-axis system into images captured by a slip lamp. The image of the eye with the polar axis helps a surgeon accurately implant toric intraocular lens in the required position/rotation during the cataract surgery. In this paper, two common algorithms for pupil detection are compared: the circle Hough transform and Daugman’s algorithm. The procedures were tested and analysed on the anonymous data set of 128 eyes captured at Gemini eye clinic in 2015.

The computational framework INF&RNO (INtegrated Fluid & paRticle simulatioN cOde) allows for fast and accurate modeling, in 2D cylindrical geometry, of several aspects of laser-plasma accelerator physics. In this paper, we present some of the new features of the code, including the quasistatic Particle-In-Cell (PIC)/fluid modality, and describe using different computational grids and time steps for the laser envelope and the plasma wake. These and other features allow for a speedup of several orders of magnitude compared to standard full 3D PIC simulations while still retaining physical fidelity. INF&RNO is used to support the experimental activity at the BELLA Center, and we will present an example of the application of the code to the laser-plasma accelerator staging experiment.

Rolling bearing vibration signals are often subject to noise interference, and early failure performance is not obvious. In this paper, An Boxplot-Hessian Algorithm is proposed. It uses Boxplot Algorithm to identify and deal with the noise signal. It uses the Hessian Algorithm to reduce data dimensionality, which has the advantage of no convexity requirement for data sets and it can overcome the presence of holes in the sample. So it can be used for feature extraction. Meanwhile, compared with the results of using the non-de-noising manifold learning algorithm by showing example. It is proved that this method can overcome the influence of noise on manifold learning algorithm and has good state recognition effect.

The paper deals with an aircraft single-jet engine’s control system, based on a fuel flow controller. Considering the engine as controlled object and its thrust the most important operation effect, from the multitude of engine’s parameters only its rotational speed n is measurable and proportional to its thrust, so engine’s speed has become the most important controlled parameter. Engine’s control system is based on fuel injection Qi dosage, while the output is engine’s speed n. Based on embedded system’s main parts’ mathematical models, the author has described the system by its block diagram with transfer functions; furthermore, some Simulink-Matlab simulations are performed, concerning embedded system quality (its output parameters time behavior) and, meanwhile, some conclusions concerning engine’s parameters mutual influences are revealed. Quantitative determinations are based on author’s previous research results and contributions, as well as on existing models (taken from technical literature). The method can be extended for any multi-spool engine, single- or twin-jet.

Linac4 is a 160 MeV H− linear accelerator part of the upgrade of the LHC injector chain. Its cesiated surface H− source is designed to provide a beam intensity of 40-50mA. It is operated with periodical Cs-injection at typically 30 days intervals [1] and this implies that the beam parameters will slowly evolve during operation.Autopilot is a control software package extending CERN developed Inspector framework. The aim of Autopilot is to automatize the mandatory optimization and cesiation processes and to derive performance indicators, thus keeping human intervention minimal.Autopilot has been developed by capitalizing on the experience from manually operating the source. It comprises various algorithms running in real-time, which have been devised to: • Optimize the ion source performance by regulation of H2 injection, RF power and frequency. • Describe the performance of the source with performance indicators, which can be easily understood by operators. • Identify failures, try to recover the nominal operation and send warning in case of deviation from nominal operation. • Make the performance indicators remotely available through Web pages. Autopilot is at the same level of hierarchy as an operator, in the CERN infrastructure. This allows the combination of all ion source devices, providing the required flexibility. Autopilot is executed in a dedicated server, ensuring unique and centralized control, yet allowing multiple operators to interact at runtime, always coordinating between them. Autopilot aims at flexibility, adaptability, portability and scalability, and can be extended to other components of CERN’s accelerators. In this paper, a detailed description of the Autopilot algorithms is presented, along with first results of operating the Linac4 H− Ion Source with Autopilot.

The paper deals with a fuel mass flow rate controller with indirect action for aircraft jet engines. The author has identified fuel controller’s main parts and its operation mode, then, based on these observations, one has determined motion equations of each main part, which have built system’s non-linear mathematical model. In order to realize a better study this model was linearised (using the finite differences method) and then adimensionalized. Based on this new form of the mathematical model, after applying Laplace transformation, the embedded system (controller+engine) was described by the block diagram with transfer functions. Some Simulink-Matlab simulations were performed, concerning system’s time behavior for step input, which lead to some useful conclusions and extension possibilities.

In white blood cell (WBC) diagnosis, the most crucial measurement parameter is the WBC counting. Such information is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer therapy and to diagnose several hidden infection within human body. The current practice of manual WBC counting is laborious and a very subjective assessment which leads to the invention of computer aided system (CAS) with rigorous image processing solution. In the CAS counting work, segmentation is the crucial step to ensure the accuracy of the counted cell. The optimal segmentation strategy that can work under various blood smeared image acquisition conditions is remain a great challenge. In this paper, a comparison between different segmentation methods based on color space analysis to get the best counting outcome is elaborated. Initially, color space correction is applied to the original blood smeared image to standardize the image color intensity level. Next, white blood cell segmentation is performed by using combination of several color analysis subtraction which are RGB, CMYK and HSV, and Otsu thresholding. Noises and unwanted regions that present after the segmentation process is eliminated by applying a combination of morphological and Connected Component Labelling (CCL) filter. Eventually, Circle Hough Transform (CHT) method is applied to the segmented image to estimate the number of WBC including the one under the clump region. From the experiment, it is found that G-S yields the best performance.

Visible Light Communication is the emerging field in the area of Indoor Optical Wireless Communication which uses white light LEDs for transmitting data and light simultaneously. LEDs can be modulated at very high speeds which increases its efficiency and enabling it for the dual purposes of data communication and illumination simultaneously. Radio Frequency have some limitations which is not at par with the current demand of bandwidth but using visible light, it is possible to achieve higher data rates per user. In this paper, we discuss some challenges, potentials and possible future applications for this new technology. Basically, visible light communication is for indoor application capable of multiuser access. We also design a very basic illumination pattern inside a room using uniform power distribution.

This paper presents Volterra model of silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). As the SCR circuit nonlinearities appear due to transistors, we used the classical mathematical model, namely, Ebers-Moll model together with perturbation theory to obtain closed form Volterra expressions between input and output of SCR. The derived equations can be used as a model in SIMULINK for designing, analysis and development of new integrated circuits in advance before the formation of chips. The closed form expressions can also be used for circuit parameter estimation purpose. The derived equations are useful as a model in SIMULINK software, as this software provides direct access to circuit parameters.

The performance of highways in Indonesia until today is yet to be optimum. Flexible or rigid pavement construction generally do not reach designed service lives, either due to the fact that the construction do not meet specifications or unavoidable excessive load. Precast and prestressed concrete system has been applied since 2007, but unfortunately the application has not been optimum due to the fact that the construction method is not integrally carried out. This paper deals with a construction concept that developed in 2015-2017. The concept applies green construction based on integrated manufacture industry, starting from design, construction, function, maintenance and demolition. The concept is applied on the three highway sub-layers, i.e., sub grade, sub base, and surface, and drainage system. Sub grade improvement may use soil dislocation, chemical improvement or concrete matress. Sub base material uses foam mortar, which is material easy in quality control compared to conventional materials. Pavem...

This paper deals with the design of a drive system of traversing mechanism used to position the pitot tube in desired position of the jet flow field. In this system a stepper motor is driven by a ‘dual H bridge’ motor driver and programmed Arduino microcontroller. The stepper motor is made to move in precise steps to obtain desired movement of the traversing mechanism. The jet flow is characterized in three distinct zones – initial zone, transition zone and developed zone. Each zone can be divided into required number of segments based on variation of velocity. By assigning number of segments, step range and number of steps in each segment as inputs, it is possible to collect data in all the flow zones according to our programmed schedule. The system will allow taking a large number of readings automatically.

This paper deals with a screw motor that is used as an expander in an ORC (Organic Rankin Cycle) system, whose organic working substance allows the transformation of low-potential heat (waste heat, solar and geothermal energy) into electrical energy. The article describes the specific properties of an organic substance and a screw motor that must be considered when designing and assembling a complete power unit. Screw machines are not commonly used as expansion devices, so it is necessary to perform an analysis that makes it possible to adapt the screw machine to the expansion process in terms of profiling and design.

The paper presents the modelling of magnetic components, used in the power electronic devices. Non-linear inductor and transformer are presented. During the design stage are taken into account that the converters are operated with non-sinusoidal currents and voltages. The models are realized in the MATLAB environment and their verification is done using computer simulations. The advantages of these models against the existing models are that relations between the parameters are formalized and this way the computational procedure is significantly faster. This is important in the cases when the quasi-steady-state regime in devices comes significantly slower and the investigations are requiring long simulation times.

This paper presents design and fabrication of a 1-DOF (degree-of-freedom) drive mode and 2-DOF sense mode micro-gyroscope. It is an inherently robust structure and offers a high sense frequency bandwidth. The proposed design utilizes resonance of the1-DOF drive mode oscillator and employs dynamic amplification concept in sense modes to increase the sensitivity while maintaining robustness. The 2-DOF in the sense direction renders the device immune to process imperfections and environmental effects. The design is simulated using FEA software (CoventorWare®). The device is designed considering process compatibility with SU-8 based UV-LIGA process, which is an economical fabrication technique. The complete fabrication process is presented along with SEM images of the fabricated device. The device has 9 µm thick Nickel as the key structural layer with an overall reduced key structure size of 2.2 mm by 2.1 mm.

Power line communication (PLC) technology can be a viable solution for the future ubiquitous networks because it provides a cheaper alternative to other wired technology currently being used for communication. In smart grid Power Line Communication (PLC) is used to support communication with low rate on low voltage (LV) distribution network. In this paper, we propose the channel modelling of narrowband (NB) PLC in the frequency range 5 KHz to 500 KHz by using ABCD parameter with cyclostationary noise addition. Behaviour of the channel was studied by the addition of 11KV/230V transformer, by varying load location and load. Bit error rate (BER) Vs signal to noise ratio SNR) was plotted for the proposed model by employing OFDM. Our simulation results based on the proposed channel model show an acceptable performance in terms of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio, which enables communication required for smart grid applications.

It is often seen in large application projects, there is a need to communicate between two different processors or two different kernels. The aim of this paper is to communicate between two different kernels and use efficient method to do so. The TCP/IP protocol is implemented to communicate between two boards via the Ethernet port and use lwIP (lightweight IP) stack, which is a smaller independent implementation of the TCP/IP stack suitable for use in embedded systems. While retaining TCP/IP functionality, lwIP stack reduces the use of memory and even size of the code. In this process of communication we made Raspberry pi as an active client and Field programmable gate array(FPGA) board as a passive server and they are allowed to communicate via Ethernet. Three applications based on TCP/IP client-server network communication have been implemented. The Echo server application is used to communicate between two different kernels of two different boards. Socket programming is used as it is independent of platform and programming language used. TCP transmit and receive throughput test applications are used to measure maximum throughput of the transmission of data. These applications are based on communication to an open source tool called iperf. It is used to measure the throughput transmission rate by sending or receiving some constant piece of data to the client or server according to the test application.

ZigBee is well-accepted industrial standard for wireless sensor networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Wireless Sensor Networks is the major concern of communication these days. These Wireless Sensor Networks investigate the properties of networks of small battery-powered sensors with wireless communication. The communication between any two wireless nodes of wireless sensor networks is carried out through a protocol stack. This protocol stack has been designed by different vendors in various ways. Every custom vendor possesses his own protocol stack and algorithms especially at the MAC layer. But, many applications require modifications in their algorithms at various layers as per their requirements, especially energy efficient protocols at MAC layer that are simulated in Wireless sensor Network Simulators which are not being tested in real time systems because vendors do not allow the programmability of each layer in their protocol stack. This problem can be quoted as Vendor-Interoperability. The solution is to develop the programmable protocol stack where we can design our own application as required. As a part of the task first we tried implementing physical layer and transmission of data using physical layer. This paper describes about the transmission of the total number of bytes of Frame according to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard using Physical Layer.

Probabilistic or statistical timing analysis involves dealing with the delay and slew sensitivities for device or interconnects for a given parameter. With shrinking design geometries and rush to pack more components in a reduced size chip, challenges involving device location, their correlation come into play. In this paper, we discuss challenges imposed by probabilistic timing analysis specifically on the timing model characterization and take a case study to demonstrate the impact on usage of such models in P&R flow. We demonstrate that usage of such timing models can reduce pessimism up to 10% in the flow compared with standard on-chip-variation analysis.

Background model does not have any robust solution and constitutes one of the main problems in surveillance systems. The aim of the paper is to provide a mobile based security to a remote monitoring system through a WAP using GSM modem. It is most designed to provide durability and versatility for a wide variety of indoor and outdoor applications. It is compatible with both narrow and band networks and provides simultaneous image detection. The communicator provides remote control, event driven recording, including pre-alarm and post-alarm and image motion detection. The web cam allowing them to be mounted either to a ceiling or wall without requiring bracket, with the use of web cam. We could continuously monitoring status in the client system through the web. If any intruder arrives in the client system, server will provide an alert to the mobile (what we are set in the message that message send to the authorized person) and the client can view the image using WAP.

This paper concerns keystroke dynamics, also partially in the context of touchscreen devices. The authors concentrate on the impact of database quality and propose their algorithm to test database quality issues. The algorithm is used on their own as well as the well-known . Following specific problems were researched: classification accuracy, development of user typing proficiency, time precision during sample acquisition, representativeness of training set, sample length.

This paper attempts to present the design approach for development of simulation models to study and analyze the transmission of 10 Gbps DQPSK signal over a single channel Peer to Peer link using Matlab Simulink. The simulation model considers the different optical components used in link design with their behavior represented initially by theoretical interpretation, including the transmitter topology, Mach Zehnder Modulator(MZM) module and, the propagation model for optical fibers etc. thus allowing scope for direct realization in experimental configurations. It provides the flexibility to incorporate the various photonic components as either user-defined or fixed and, can also be enhanced or removed from the model as per the design requirements. We describe the detailed operation and need of every component model and its representation in Simulink blocksets. Moreover the developed model can be extended in future to support Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system, thereby allowing high speed transmission with N × 40 Gbps systems. The various compensation techniques and their influence on system performance can be easily investigated by using such models.

The rapid advancement in the field of science has led to the development of many technologies, gadgets and equipment which in turn has hold pressure on Wi-Fi, modems, board band connections etc., to lessen this stress new revolution in this field has rooted on termed “LI-FI”. Li-Fi stands for light fidelity i.e. light is used for the transmission of data. The concept of Li-Fi is taking the fiber out of fiber optics sending information through an LED that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow. Li-Fi offers an entirely new paradigm in wireless technology in term of communication, speed, flexibility, usability etc. The idea of data through illumination is similar to radio waves communication difference lies in the use of LED in LI-Fi, which made it superior than Wi-Fi. Hence Li-Fi is linked to the visible light communication network provision transmission which is looked upon as an advancement. Thus a new class of light with high intensity light source of solid state design bringing clean lighting solution to general and specialty lighting. With energy efficiency, long useful lifetime, full spectrum and dimming. Li-Fi is just not only confined to light and LED indeed it is a platform with versatile advantages and facilities. This paper gives a brief idea about the introduction of Li-Fi, its working, advantages, limitations etc.

This paper presents the design of a Memristor based startup circuit for self biased circuits. Memristor has many advantages over conventional CMOS devices such as low leakage current at nanometer scale, easy to manufacture. In this work the switching characteristics of memristor is utilized. First the theoretical equations describing the switching behavior of memristor are investigated. To prove the switching capability of Memristor, a startup circuit based on memristor is proposed which uses series combination of Memristor and capacitor. Proposed circuit is compared with the previously reported MOSFET based startup circuits. Comparison of different circuits was done to validate the results. Simulation results show that memristor based circuit can attain on (I = 12.94 µA) to off state (I = 1 .2 µA) in 25 ns while the MOSFET based startup circuits take on (I = 14.19 µA) to off state (I = 1.4 µA) in more than 90 ns. The benefit comes in terms of area because the number of components used in the circuit are lesser than the conventional startup circuits.

In this paper, we present a robust and efficient approach for deigning reconfigurable Radio receivers based on Bandpass sampling. The direct sampled RF frontend is followed by signal processing blocks implemented on an FPGA and consists of a PLL based on second order Costas technique and a Kaiser windowing based lowpass filtering. The proposed method can be used for implementing a cost effective multi-channel receiver for data, audio, video etc. over various channels.

In this paper a dual band planar antenna has been proposed for IEEE 802.16 Wi-MAX /IEEE 802.11 WLAN/4.9 GHz public safety applications. The antenna comprises a frequency bandwidth of 560MHz (3.37GHz-3.93GHz) for WLAN and WiMAX and 372MHz (4.82GHz-5.192GHz) for 4.9 GHz public safety applications and Radio astronomy services (4.8-4.94 GHz). The proposed antenna constitutes of a single microstrip patch reactively loaded with three identical steps positioned in a zig-zag manner towards the radiating edges of the patch. The coaxially fed patch antenna characteristics (radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna directivity, current distribution, S11) have been investigated. The antenna design is primarily focused on achieving a dual band operation.

Deployment of new node in any wireless sensor network is a sensitive task. This is the reason why, an Access Control Protocol is required in WSN. In this paper, we demonstrate that Access Control Protocol proposed by Cheng et al.[1] for Wireless Sensor Network is insecure. The reason is that this protocol fails to resist the active attack.

The purpose of this operation is to learn characteristics of the filters for the signals with using LabVIEW and to determine which filter gives the best result, depending on the desired goal. In this paper we will consider four filter presented in the form of so-called virtual instruments (VI): Butterworth, Chebyshev I and II, and elliptic filter. The example of filtration for some signals is presented.

The software complex developed in MATLAB allows modelling of function of diode and triode structures based on field emission electron sources with complex sub-micron geometry, their volt-ampere characteristics, calculating distribution of electric field for educational and research needs. The goal of this paper is describing the physical-mathematical model, calculation methods and algorithms the software complex is based on, demonstrating the principles of its function and showing results of its work. For getting to know the complex, a demo version with graphical user interface is presented.

In this paper, we have further improved the limitations of our previous two Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculators for computing differentiations numerically. The new feature in this new Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator is fully automated up to any level based on the stopping criteria using VBA programming. The new version is more flexible because it is controlled by programming. Furthermore, it reduces computational time and CPU memory.

Typically a system consists of hardware as the controller and software which is installed in the personal computer (PC). In the effective nuclear detection, the hardware involves the detection setup and the electronics used, with the software consisting of analysis tools and graphical display on PC. A data acquisition interface is necessary to enable the communication between the controller hardware and PC. Nowadays, Universal Serial Bus (USB) has become a standard connection method for computer peripherals and has replaced many varieties of serial and parallel ports. However the implementation of USB is complex. This paper describes the implementation of data acquisition interface between a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board and a PC by exploiting the USB link of the FPGA board. The USB link is based on an FTDI chip which allows direct access of input and output to the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) signals from a USB host and a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) with a 24 MHz clock input to the USB link. The implementation and results of using the USB link of FPGA board as the data interfacing are discussed.

In the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of steel plates, besides the detection of cracks, what is also important is their characterization. Characterization is necessary for determining whether any discovered crack demands withdrawal of the part from service. In eddy current crack identification the response of a part to a coil is compared to the response without a crack. When different, the presence of the crack is flagged. But to characterize it, the computed response from eddy current analysis with a crack described by parameters is optimized to match measurements. This is heavy computation. Recently, Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) computing has had great success in many very large numerical computations. In this work we discuss the often undiscussed GPU memory limitation in Finite Element Optimization. In GPU computing the memory of the NVIDIA GPU is limited (4 GB on a PC today). This paper assesses the memory limits in terms of matrix size in light of the various ways to store a large matrix in order to overcome these limits. We revive old element-byelement finite element solvers from the early 1980s of working on a highly memory limited PC 282 to launch a GA kernel on thousands of CUDA threads exploiting the NVIDIA GPU architecture.

In this paper, we have improved the limitations of our previous Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator for computing differentiations numerically. These limitations are the value of D(0,0) keyed in by users using 3-point central difference formula, and the fact that the previous spreadsheet calculator can only calculate the approximate definite differentiation up to level 4 × 4. If the function to be differentiated is complicated, calculating D(0,0) using 3-point central difference formula can be tedious as parentheses should be put in a proper order when writing the calculation command. Otherwise, the calculation command may lead to a wrong answer. In this improved Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator, we redesigned the Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator, where users are only required to give the value of x, the function to be differentiated f(x), and the step size h value without writing the command to obtain D(0,0). Consequently, the calculations will be done automatically to approximate the definite differentiation up to level 10 × 10.

In this paper we review cosmic ray effects on the performance and reliability of microelectronic systems and human health as well as the development of the engineering and health science tools used to evaluate and mitigate cosmic ray effects in ground-based, atmospheric flight, and space flight environments. Ground based test methods applied to microelectronic components and systems are used in combination with radiation transport and reaction codes to predict the performance of microelectronic systems in their operating environments. Similar radiation transport codes are an important tool for evaluating possible human health effects of cosmic ray. Finally, the limitations on human space operations beyond low-Earth orbit imposed by long term exposure to galactic cosmic rays are discussed.

Numerical models serve an important role in eddy current non-destructive evaluation applications. The results of computational models provide meaningful insight into the underlying physics, help theoretically visualize the field/sample interaction and help optimize sensor design and assist algorithms developing for interpreting the measured signals. However, three dimensional computational models can be time consuming. This paper presents a fast and efficient GPU based numerical model for simulating eddy current testing techniques. The model, based on boundary integral method, uses novel matrix compression techniques to optimize the solver performance on GPU architectures. Validation results of model predictions for a number of sample geometries are presented.

This paper presents an automatic segmentation method for delineation of the clinically significant contours of the equine larynx from an endoscopic image. These contours are used to diagnose the most common disease of horse larynx laryngeal hemiplegia. In this study, hierarchal structured contour map is obtained by the state-of-the-art segmentation algorithm, gPb-OWT-UCM. The conic-shaped outer boundary of equine larynx is extracted based on Pascal's theorem. Lastly, Hough Transformation method is applied to detect lines related to the edges of vocal folds. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has better performance in extracting the targeted contours of equine larynx than the results of using only the gPb-OWT-UCM method.

The trend of decreasing device size and increasing chip densities involving several hundred millions of transistors per chip has resulted in tremendous increase in design complexity. Low power SRAMs are essential in today's demand as they are preferred as on chip memories with read write stability. This paper presents a method based on multi-Vt to increase read, write stability and reduce the total leakage power dissipation of SRAMs while maintaining their performance. The proposed method is based on the observation that read and write delays of a memory cell in an SRAM block depend on the physical distance of the cell from the sense amplifier and it is also depend on Vt.

There is growing interest in memristive devices following their recent nanoscale fabrication. This paper describes initial consideration of the implementation of artificial intelligence within predominantly memristive hardware. In particular, versions of Alan Turing’s discrete dynamical network formalism — the unorganised machine — are used as the knowledge representation scheme and a population-based search technique is used to design appropriate networks. Issues including memristor count and global network synchrony are compared for two memristive logic implementations (NAND and IMP) on a well-known simulated robotics benchmark task. It is shown that IMP networks are harder to design than NAND, but are simpler to implement and require fewer processor cycles.

Search Engine gives an ordered list of web search results in response to a user query, wherein the important pages are usually displayed at the top with less important ones afterwards. It may be possible that the user may have to look for many screen results to get the required documents. In literatures, many page ranking algorithms has been given to find the page rank of a page. For example PageRank is considered in this work. This algorithm treats all the links equally when distributing rank scores. That's why this algorithm some time gives equal importance to all the pages. But in real this can not be happen because, if two pages have same rank then how we can judge which page is more important then other. So this paper proposes another idea to organize the search results and describe which page is more important when confliction of same rank is produced by the PageRank. So that the user can get more relevant and important results easily and in a short span of time.

The Wireless network can be employed to connect wired network to the wireless network. Wireless local area networks (WLAN) are more bandwidth limited as compared to the wired networks because they rely on an inexpensive, but error prone, physical medium (air). Hence it is important to evaluate their performance. This paper presents a study of IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN (WLAN). The performance evaluation has been presented via a series of test with different parameters such as data rate, different number of nodes and physical characteristics. The different qualities of service parameter are chosen to be throughput, media access delay and dropped data packets. The simulation results show that an IEEE 802.11b WLAN can support up to 60 clients with modest throughput. Finally the results are compared to evaluate the performance of wireless local networks.

In this paper we present a concept for an Intelligent System for Radiogram Analysis (ISAR) for welds quality inspection. Both, hardware and software solutions have been introduced in the system. The software operates with variety of scanner standards. It contains preliminary image processing (linear and nonlinear filtering algorithms) and some specialized functions, like Sauvola’s tresholding or IQI detection. The aim of the ISAR system is to support a radiologist in his work.

A newly developed three‐dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulation package, named GRASP (“Generalized Rarefied gAs Simulation Package”), is reported in this paper. This package utilizes the concept of simulation engine, many C++ features and software design patterns. The package has an open architecture which can benefit further development and maintenance of the code. In order to reduce the engineering time for three‐dimensional models, a hybrid grid scheme, combined with a flexible data structure compiled by C++ language, are implemented in this package. This scheme utilizes a local data structure based on the computational cell to achieve high performance on workstation processors. This data structure allows the DSMC algorithm to be very efficiently parallelized with domain decomposition and it provides much flexibility in terms of grid types. This package can utilize traditional structured, unstructured or hybrid grids within the framework of a single code to model arbitrarily complex...

This paper proposes a VLSI circuit implementing a low power, high‐resolution spiking neural network (SNN) with STDP synapses, inspired by mammalian olfactory systems. By representing mitral cell action potential by a step function, the power consumption and the chip area can be reduced. By cooperating sub‐threshold oscillation and inhibition, the network outputs can be distinct. This circuit was fabricated using the TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process. Post‐layout simulation results are reported.

Resistive switching memory (also known as RRAM for resistive random access memory) is considered a promising candidate for the next‐generation nonvolatile memories. This paper summarizes the electrical characterization methodologies for RRAM performance evaluation and the investigation of resistive switching mechanisms. Some unique issues in RRAM measurements are discussed, including polarity, forming, and switching control. Product‐oriented RRAM characterization needs to consider yield, failure mechanisms, and reliability issues, which has only began to be addressed by the RRAM research community.

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is constructing a superconducting 1.3 GHz cryomodule test facility located at the New Muon Lab building. The facility will be used for testing and validating cryomodule designs as well as support systems. For the initial phase of the project, a single Type III plus 1.3 GHz cryomodule will be cooled and tested using a single Tevatron style standalone refrigerator. Subsequent phases involve testing as many as two full RF units consisting of up to six 1.3 GHz cryomodules with the addition of a new cryogenic plant. The cryogenic infrastructure consists of the refrigerator system, cryogenic distribution system as well as an ambient temperature pumping system to achieve 2 K operations with supporting purification systems. A discussion of the available capacity for the various phases versus the proposed heat loads is included as well as commissioning results and testing schedule. This paper describes the plans, status and challenges of this initial phase of the New Muon Lab cryogenic system., 8 pp. Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 28 Jun - 2 Jul 2009. Tucson, Arizona

In this paper, a health monitoring problem for the electrical network of more electric aircraft is addressed. To undertake the health monitoring task, the multi‐model detection technique is applied. Multi‐model based approach associates to each health status a corresponding linear time invariant model which is derived by adjusting appropriately the non‐faulty system model to a particular fault situation. The original health monitoring problem can be therefore formulated as a model detection problem. Besides the introduction of the theoretical preliminary of multi‐model based approach, the computer‐aided design process, right‐sized modelling and realtime simulation based validation for residual generator with Dymola and Matlab are also discussed. Health monitoring for an input filter of an DC motor drive serves as an application case to illustrate the proposed scheme. The designed residual generators are validated on the original nonlinear system with time‐domain simulation.

In this paper, we present an implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm using state‐of‐the‐art Virtex‐5 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The design is coded in Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Timing simulation is performed to verify the functionality of the designed circuit. Performance evaluation is also done in terms of throughput and area. The design implemented on Virtex‐5 (XC5VLX50FFG676‐3) FPGA achieves a maximum throughput of 4.34 Gbps utilizing a total of 399 slices.

Digital holographic systems are a class of two step, opto‐numerical, three‐dimensional imaging techniques which permit nanometric resolution of in‐vivo objects. The linear canonical transform (LCT) describes the paraxial propagation of a scalar wave field through any system comprising of lenses and free space. There are a great many different recording architectures used in holography. The interaction of these with the limitations of the recording device is poorly understood. Use of the LCT as a propagation model provides a unified description of the optical systems, facilitating direct comparison. We demonstrate how to use phase space diagrams to compare different digital holographic recording set‐ups, analyze the effects of the digital camera, and compare the sampling requirements of different numerical reconstruction algorithms. The results presented in this paper will allow digital holography practitioners to select an optical system to maximize the quality of their reconstructed image using a priori knowledge of the camera and object.

In this paper we illustrate the features and study the applicability of transactional memory ™ as an efficient and easy‐to‐use alternative for handling memory conflicts in multi‐theaded physics simulations that use shared memory. The tool used for our preliminary analysis of this novel construct is IBM’s freely available Software Transactional Memory (STM) system. Instead of attempting to apply it to a production grade simulation code, we developed a much simpler test code that exhibits most of the salient features of modern unstructured mesh algorithms, but without the complicated physical models. We apply STM to two frequently used algorithms in realistic multi‐physics codes. Our computational experiments indicate a good fit between these application scenarios and the TM features.