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The paper presents considerations regarding the process of determining the fuel consumption from diesel locomotive engines. In order to know the actual fuel consumption for a given engine, depending on the parameters of the drive system operation, it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at determining its operational indicators. This can be achieved by performing tests in real driving conditions or calculating fuel consumption using a calculation method based on the engine operating conditions. The paper presents the fuel consumption of a Stage II approved locomotive engine, which is used to drive various types of off-road machines and rail vehicles. The presented results of fuel consumption include the values determined on the resistor at set operating points and in real operating conditions. Using the assumptions of the vehicle’s operating time density characteristics, a computational method for assessing the fuel consumption of traction locomotives was developed. When comparing the results of bench and real measurements, the influence of the work parameters variability on fuel consumption was determined. In the summary, conclusions regarding the developed method were formulated, and reference was made to the possibility of using this tool to assess the ecological indicators of rail vehicles.

The pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) is a potential electric thruster for microsatellites. One important content of PPT performance research is the measurement of micro-thrust and micro-impulse. This paper summarizes the 4 typical dynamic measuring systems at home and abroad, which include the single pendulum type, the torsion pendulum type, the cantilever type and the balance type. In the paper, the structure principle, measurement performance, advantages and disadvantages of various configurations are compared and analyzed. The development process of each micro-thrust and micro-impulse measurement technology is summarized, and its developing trend is prospected.

Newly developed 3D reconstruction technology has many uses ranging from facial recognition, self-driving vehicles, and producing accurate models of samples. To utilize 3D reconstruction, a depth map of the sample must be generated from a series of images. This can be done using stereoscopic 3D, or in the case of a fixed camera (such as the 10ID On-Axis Microscope at NSLS-II used for this paper) through focus stacking. This paper will explain how focus stacking can be used to generate in-focus images at very shallow depth of fields, and merge these images to create depth maps and 3D models.

One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) can control handling systems easily because each valve can be drive to open and close immediately as requested from the sensor. It was also demostrated that the timing chart monitoring confirms the control of flowchart process description for the new fresh fuel loading.One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)...

The advent of Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) systems have aided the rapid manufacturing of composite aerospace structures. One of the challenges that AFP systems bring is the variability of the deposited prepreg tape layers, which are prone to gaps, overlaps and twists. The current detection method used in industry involves halting fabrication and performing a time consuming visual inspection of each tape layer. Typical AFP systems use a quartz lamp to heat the base layer to make the surface tacky as it deposits another tape layer. The innovation discussed in this paper is to use the preheated base layer as a through transmission heat source and inspect the newly added tape layer in situ using a thermographic camera mounted onto the AFP structure. Such a system would not only increase manufacturing throughput by reducing inspection times, but would also aid in process development for new structural designs or material systems. To this end, a small thermal camera was mounted onto an AFP robotic research platform at NASA, and thermal data was collected during typical and experimental layup operations. The data was post processed to reveal defects such as tow overlap/gap, wrinkling, and peel-up. Defects that would have been impossible to detect visually were also revealed in the data, such as poor/loss of adhesion between plies and the effects of vacuum debulking. This paper will cover the results of our experiments, and the recent progress on the data reduction algorithms in preparation for machine learning development.

Operator support systems are extensively studied and developed to support human operators for their activities in especially an abnormal condition of a nuclear power plant. By the advancement of computer technology and artificial intelligence, an operator support system can provide detailed support information based on detailed models and utilizing detailed simulation of plant dynamics and/or complicated inference algorithms. However, human operators may not understand the detailed support information under high mental pressure in an abnormal plant condition. In such a case, it is important how to provide essential and understandable support information. This paper deals with a technique to simplify functional models in order to display operator support information that is generated based on detailed functional models. This paper defines eight cognitive states of human operators from the viewpoint of cognitive abilities of human. In addition, three ways to simplify functional models are identified.

In this paper, the isolated DC-DC converters fly back, forward converter, and hybrid converter topologies are considered for analysis. However, each topology has definite boundaries that are hard to resolve that can be overcome by the hybrid topology. This paper presents a hybrid type of forward, and fly back converter, allocation of the transformer utilization factor a better manner, has exceptionally high voltage gain and high efficiency. Achieving soft switching with control and design is easy. The forward fly back converters are simulated using MATLAB Simulink employing the results are analyzed and compared the efficiencies with theoretical and simulated values. The theoretical analysis of flyback-forward converter using DSPIC30F4011 is verified by comparing the theoretical and simulation results with a prototype of 100W and 2 kHz switching frequency.

High speed vehicle as a vibration system, resonance generated in flight may be harmful to high speed vehicles. It is possible to solve the resonance problem by acquiring the natural frequency of the high-speed aircraft and then taking some measures to avoid the natural frequency of the high speed vehicle. Therefore, In this paper, the modal test of the high speed vehicle was carried out by using the running hammer method and the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. Firstly, the total frequency response function, coherence function of the high speed vehicle are obtained by the running hammer stimulation test, and through the modal assurance criterion (MAC) to determine the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Secondly, the first three order frequencies, the pole steady state diagram of the high speed vehicles is obtained by the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. At last, the natural frequency of the vibration system was accurately obtained by the running hammer method.High speed vehicle as a vibration system, resonance generated in flight may be harmful to high speed vehicles. It is possible to solve the resonance problem by acquiring the natural frequency of the high-speed aircraft and then taking some measures to avoid the natural frequency of the high speed vehicle. Therefore, In this paper, the modal test of the high speed vehicle was carried out by using the running hammer method and the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. Firstly, the total frequency response function, coherence function of the high speed vehicle are obtained by the running hammer stimulation test, and through the modal assurance criterion (MAC) to determine the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Secondly, the first three order frequencies, the pole steady state diagram of the high speed vehicles is obtained by the PolyMAX modal parameter identification method. At last, the natural frequency of the vibration system was accurately obtained by the running hammer method.

To solve the problems in the DEM simulations of the screening process of a swing-bar sieve, in this paper we propose the real-virtual boundary method to build the geometrical model of the screen deck on a swing-bar sieve. The motion of the swing-bar sieve is modelled by the planer multi-body kinematics. A coupled model of the discrete element method (DEM) with multi-body kinematics (MBK) is presented to simulate the flowing and passing processes of soybean particles on the screen deck. By the comparison of the simulated results with the experimental results of the screening process of the LA-LK laboratory scale swing-bar sieve, the feasibility and validity of the real-virtual boundary method and the coupled DEM-MBK model we proposed in this paper can be verified. This work provides the basis for the optimization design of the swing-bar sieve with circular apertures and complex motion.

The emerging applications of coordination and cooperation between mobile robots, as well as interaction between mobile robots and humans, demands for an early and well designed robotic education. In addition, research and development in this area needs to be supported with an-easy-to-implement mobile robot platform. An availability of a low-cost and open source mobile robots will be beneficial, especially in a development country such as Indonesia. In this paper we propose a low cost and open source mobile robot platform that can be used for education and research specific in mobile robots and coordination between the robots. The “low cost” is defined as the availability and easiness to find the components in Indonesia or at least easily found in online shop. The “open source” means that the resulting design and implementation can be accessed in open source library and follow the GNU license. The first generation of the robot has been validated in terms of individual sensor and performance. The platform has been extended up to second generation and is used in different applications such as indoor mapping and remote control manipulation.The emerging applications of coordination and cooperation between mobile robots, as well as interaction between mobile robots and humans, demands for an early and well designed robotic education. In addition, research and development in this area needs to be supported with an-easy-to-implement mobile robot platform. An availability of a low-cost and open source mobile robots will be beneficial, especially in a development country such as Indonesia. In this paper we propose a low cost and open source mobile robot platform that can be used for education and research specific in mobile robots and coordination between the robots. The “low cost” is defined as the availability and easiness to find the components in Indonesia or at least easily found in online shop. The “open source” means that the resulting design and implementation can be accessed in open source library and follow the GNU license. The first generation of the robot has been validated in terms of individual sensor and performance. The platform h...

Every production process requires monitoring system, so the desired efficiency and productivity can be monitored at any time. This system is also needed in the job shop type of manufacturing which is mainly influenced by the manufacturing lead time. Processing time is one of the factors that affect the manufacturing lead time. In a conventional company, the recording of processing time is done manually by the operator on a sheet of paper. This method is prone to errors. This paper aims to overcome this problem by creating a system which is able to record and monitor the processing time automatically. The solution is realized by utilizing electric current sensor, barcode, RFID, wireless network and windows-based application. An automatic monitoring device is attached to the production machine. It is equipped with a touch screen-LCD so that the operator can use it easily. Operator identity is recorded through RFID which is embedded in his ID card. The workpiece data are collected from the database by scanning the barcode listed on its monitoring sheet. A sensor is mounted on the machine to measure the actual machining time. The system’s outputs are actual processing time and machine’s capacity information. This system is connected wirelessly to a workshop planning application belongs to the firm. Test results indicated that all functions of the system can run properly. This system successfully enables supervisors, PPIC or higher level management staffs to monitor the processing time quickly with a better accuracy.Every production process requires monitoring system, so the desired efficiency and productivity can be monitored at any time. This system is also needed in the job shop type of manufacturing which is mainly influenced by the manufacturing lead time. Processing time is one of the factors that affect the manufacturing lead time. In a conventional company, the recording of processing time is done manually by the operator on a sheet of paper. This method is prone to errors. This paper aims to overcome this problem by creating a system which is able to record and monitor the processing time automatically. The solution is realized by utilizing electric current sensor, barcode, RFID, wireless network and windows-based application. An automatic monitoring device is attached to the production machine. It is equipped with a touch screen-LCD so that the operator can use it easily. Operator identity is recorded through RFID which is embedded in his ID card. The workpiece data are collected from the database by scanni...

The reliability of the crane product in engineering is the core competitiveness of the product. This paper used Monte Carlo method analyzed the reliability of the weld metal structure of the bridge crane whose limit state function is mathematical expression. Then we obtained the minimum reliable welding feet height value for the welds between cover plate and web plate on main beam in different coefficients of variation. This paper provides a new idea and reference for the growth of the inherent reliability of crane.

Power loss minimization have many advantagess to the distribution system radial among others reduction of power flow in feeder lines, freeing stress on feeder loading, deterrence of power procurement from the grid and also the cost of loss compensating instruments. This paper, presents capacitor and photovoltaic (PV) placement as alternative means to decrease power system losses. The paper aims to evaluate the best alternative for decreasing power system losses and improving voltage profile in the radial distribution system. To achieve the objectives of paper, they are used three cases tested by Electric Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) simulation. Firstly, it performs simulation of placement capacitor. Secondly, simulated placement of PV. Lastly, it runs simulation of placement capacitor and PV simultaneously. The simulations were validated using the IEEE 34-bus test system. As a result, they proved that the installation of capacitor and PV integration simultaneously leading to voltage profile correction and power losses minimization significantly.

With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key components is presented, aiming at revealing the characteristics and rules of finite element modeling of nuclear power valves, and putting forward aprecision control strategy for finite element models for nuclear power valve characteristics analysis.With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key compone...

In order to adapt to the dynamical changeable channel condition and improve the transmissive reliability of the system, a cooperation system of rate-compatible low density parity check (RC-LDPC) codes combining with multi-relay selection protocol is proposed. In traditional relay selection protocol, only the channel state information (CSI) of source-relay and the CSI of relay-destination has been considered. The multi-relay selection protocol proposed by this paper takes the CSI between relays into extra account in order to obtain more chances of collabration. Additionally, the idea of hybrid automatic request retransmission (HARQ) and rate-compatible are introduced. Simulation results show that the transmissive reliability of the system can be significantly improved by the proposed protocol.In order to adapt to the dynamical changeable channel condition and improve the transmissive reliability of the system, a cooperation system of rate-compatible low density parity check (RC-LDPC) codes combining with multi-relay selection protocol is proposed. In traditional relay selection protocol, only the channel state information (CSI) of source-relay and the CSI of relay-destination has been considered. The multi-relay selection protocol proposed by this paper takes the CSI between relays into extra account in order to obtain more chances of collabration. Additionally, the idea of hybrid automatic request retransmission (HARQ) and rate-compatible are introduced. Simulation results show that the transmissive reliability of the system can be significantly improved by the proposed protocol.

LS-type screw conveyor has been extensively used in the transportation of powder coal mine. Reasonable selection and design of the structure and parameters of conveyor body is the most significant for the transportation of powder coal mine. The whole structure and the working principle of the LS-type screw conveyor were introduced in the paper. And then the design and calculation formula of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor body, such as screw shaft, spiral blade and intermediate bearing are given. This paper makes a further research on design of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor, providing theoretical basis for the application of the screw conveyor in powder coal mine.

The novel concept of comprehensive weld inspection with use of three sources of data (radiogram image, image composed of laser profilometer 3D data, CCD camera image) and weld images fusion is presented in the paper. The algorithms of data processing aimed at detection and visualization of weld flaws are roughly described. The special attention was paid at presentation and explanation of algorithm for aligning and spatial correction of images composed of data delivered by three independent sources. The results yielded by proposed algorithms for preprocessing of weld images, weld detection, feature extraction, shape extraction, shape matching, filtering, distortion correction, etc. are illustrated with several figures included in the paper. The concise description of designed and implemented laboratory stands is included in the paper too.

The paper optimizes the original spacing policy when adopting VTH (Variable Time Headway), proposes to introduce the road curve curvature K to the spacing policy to cope with following the wrong vehicle or failing to follow the vehicle owing to the radar limitation of curve in ACC system. By utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, automobile longitudinal dynamics model is established. At last, the paper sets up such three common cases as the vehicle ahead runs at a uniform velocity, an accelerated velocity and hits the brake suddenly, simulates these cases on the curve with different curvature, analyzes the curve spacing policy in the perspective of safety and vehicle following efficiency and draws the conclusion whether the optimization scheme is effective or not.

In this paper, a folded cascode operational amplifier is designed and analysed by using 0.13 µm CMOS technology. Several analyses such as DC analysis and AC analysis are carried out to analyse the performances of the proposed folded cascode op-amp. Through the simulation of Mentor Graphics, under 3.3 V power supply, the circuit’ s DC gain is 32.3590 dB, the phase margin is 83.754 degree with high stability, the bandwidth is larger than 10 MHz, the unity gain bandwidth is as high as 906.8953 MHz and the power dissipation is 86.9774 mW.

Cryptanalysis is the investigation of cipher content, ciphers and cryptosystems with the point of seeing how they work and finding and improving procedures for crushing or debilitating. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is one of the newest fields in cryptography field. This paper has proposed a new technique where classical techniques are replaced with new technique by changing characters with affine points. This technique avoids costly mapping.

The development of communication technologies shows that fiber optics is in the main communication improvement in the last decade. Fiber optics is moved from laboratory to be a reality. Transmission of the data using the light as a signal carrier is a revolutionary improvement in the communication era. However, to enable this technology several obstacles should be addressed, such as achieving the longest distance transmission with less possible bit error rate (BER). One of the solutions was performed by careful selection of the optical modes profiles with the help of the nonlinear electrical equalizer (NLEE) to solve the problem of the mode coupling. This paper investigates on the compensation of different modes profiles in optical communication systems over few-mode fiber (FMF) based on Space Division Multiplexer (SDM) with an electrical non-linear equalizer utilized to equalize nonlinear distortions. The result shows that the LG mode achieved the best transmission distance comparing to the other modes which make it the best option to be used. Basically, the evaluation of the system has been done based on standard evaluation metrics such as BER and Eye Diagram. These results can optimize the data transmission quality.

This paper presents the development of an optical-based fibre sensor system for pulse transit time (PTT) measurement. PTT is a promising method for cuffless continuous blood pressure (BP). In this study, the time delay between the R-wave peak of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and the peak of the Photoplethysmogram (PPG) was measured and denoted as PTT. A conductive fabric based ECG electrode was deployed to measure the ECG on the chest. A plastic optical fibre (POF) was deployed as a medium to transport and receive light for PPG detection. A green LED (525 nm) was deployed as a light source to illuminate the skin tissue, and a phototransistor was deployed to measure the reflected light intensity. A cuff-based blood pressure (Ostar, P2) was used to measure blood pressure simultaneously with the PTTs. The ECG and the PPG signals were synchronized using a Nexus-10 MK II data acquisition device along with Matlab software for subsequent analysis. In this study, the PTT at three different positions (finger, wrist and foot) were recorded along with the BP measurement during a tilt table experiment. The results show that the system is able to monitor the PTT during a tilt table moving from supine position to tilt-up position (0° to 70°). A statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software to compare the mean of BP and the PTT in supine and tilt-up position. The novelty of the developed system lies in the miniaturization of the POF system and the combination of POFs and textile electrodes that are well suited to smart textile applications.

This paper presents the results analysis of switching’s effect when capacitor bank operation against the amount of inrush current on the circuit breaker. The capacitor bank switching causes inrush current and high-frequency oscillation if there are two or more capacitor banks connected on the same bus. When it occurs repeatedly, the insulation from the electric equipment will weaken and breakdown. For this reason, we propose a method to reduce the inrush current using new controlled switching. Switching control is used to find the time (t) of circuit breakers’ switching. So it can be seen the configuration of capacitor banks’ switching causes minimal inrush current. We have done a case study 3 capacitors using Simulink. Variables used are inrush current (ii), controlled switching time (t), and damping reactor (Lreactor). Inrush currents can be reduced by 99.8% using the proposed switching control method. The amount of inrush current is below the capability of the power breaker rating so that it does not cause a power breaker to interrupt and also does not cause overcurrent in the system. If the circuit breaker does not trip when there is a high inrush current in a short time, it can be dangerous for the electrical system equipment.

This paper presents the maintenance scheduling of transformer oil in Banaran Substation, Indonesia. Based on the function of the transformer is important to distribute electricity. If there was a fault, it can decrease the reliability of the transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to schedule the periodic maintenance of transformer oil to improve the power transformer reliability. So in this research using Markov method to analyze the reliability and availability of transformer oil. It happened because of Markov method can increase estimates effectively. This research adds the used parameters, namely the results of the DGA test with TDCG and the results breakdown voltage test. These parameters will be processed by using Markov method to find the value of reliability and availability with calculated using the deterioration rate (λ) and the repair rate (μ). The calculation results are simulated using Matlab R2014a, and the results show us that the reliability and availability of transformer oil decrease every month. The biggest decrease occurred on day 180 in a period of 365 days, with the value of TDCG is 9.844% and 3.395% while the value of breakdown voltage is 32.19% and 24.83%. Therefore, maintenance is carried out at least twice a year to improve the quality of transformer oil which functions as an isolation transformer and prevents transformer failure.

This article presents the effects of haze attenuation on Radio over Free Space Optic (RoFSO) transmission system in KLIA Sepang, one of the towns in Malaysia. The haze condition which affects the FSO link transmissions was considered on October 2015 and on October 2017 at KLIA Sepang referring to the reading record of Air Pollution Index (API). In this paper, OptiSystem simulation software is used as a preliminary study before configuring the real RoFSO setup. We model the RoFSO by converting the radio frequency (RF) signal into light where the light source intensity is modulated with the RF signal. RF signal travels through free space while light propagates through fiber optic channel. Single-FSO and four- FSO channels are compared and analyzed in terms of bit-error-rate (BER), received optical power and eye diagram pattern. The results show that the performance of RoFSO with four-FSO channel system in comparison with single-channel has better receiver sensitivity and clear eye diagram. For future work, deploying multiple RoFSO system can fulfil the increasing demand for optimizing the communication bandwidth.

The optimization of the parameters for separation cascades is of great importance in their designing. The optimal cascade is usually construed as an installation which allows obtaining the required amount of a marketable product at the lowest unit cost. In many situations pertaining to the case, the cascade comprising a minimum possible number of separation elements (for example, gas centrifuges) has the minimum unit cost. However, there are other criteria, optimization by which leads to another set of the cascade parameters. In this connection it seems important to analyze the objective functions used at the optimization as well as their interactions. The paper proposes a method of optimizing the cascades for the isotope separation based on genetic algorithms. The use of such optimization methods in the theory of cascades is promising because they are resistant to specifying initial approximations and practically independent of the objective function type, as well as easily adaptable to changes in the dimension of the space. These specific features are often the main problems in optimizing the parameters of separation cascades. As an example, optimizing the separation cascade with variable stage separation factors for natural uranium enrichment is considered. The optimization is performed by various criteria of efficiency. The results obtained have made it possible to compare the parameters of the cascades optimized by various criteria and to identify the relationships between them. The developed method can be adapted to optimizing various cascade options for the separation of both binary mixtures and multi-component mixtures.

The methods of encryption and decryption are used to protect the transferred information through public channels. The symmetric cipher methods that are based on the shared secrecy are preferable for this purpose. Playfair cipher is one of the classical symmetric ciphers; it has some limitation because it uses 5×5 matrix. To overcome this limitation, we propose in this paper a new encryption and decryption method based on the classical playfair cipher by expanding it to an n×n matrix with permutation and transposition. The security and the efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated in comparing to the traditional and other modified playfair ciphers.

Reliability program plan (RPP) for instrumentation and control (I&C) system with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology for the system platform should develop to ensure the reliability of systems and components both hardware and software since reliability is one of mandatory requirement from the regulator and industrial standards of nuclear power generating station safety system. Therefore, it is very important to arrange which methodologies and tools that will be used to verification and validation (V&V) both hardware and software which is concerned as reliable I&C system since it is mandatory to meet the safety system criteria because have to handle the complex safety I&C system. This RPP should be designed by referring to the condition of the type of the reactor. To be applied on 10MW high temperature gas- cooled reactor-test module (HTR-10) which is a high temperature reactor with gas coolant system, the design should be conditioned for high temperature environment. This paper present the RPP...

The determination of PN system through reduction methods in recent years focused by many researchers. In a petrinet model of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS), places represents unassertive elements like materials, moderators, vessels etc. A black dot in a place implies a variability of a specified materials, number of black dots denote the availability of number of resource operations at a particular time. In this paper by making use of resource oriented petrinet (ROPN) which can be taken away from the petrinet model, which completely decreases the complexity and reduce the size of petrinet models. ROPN allows only to calculate the total production cost in order to minimising costs to centre stations. Some net models are presented in an example by assuming that workstations are not homogeneous that is for example the cost for running is not the same. The running cost is to be optimized on the total cost of production in addition maximize line time of centre station.

Industrial robots are often used in positioning and material handling purposes. Due to low accuracy and high stiffness, the researchers are more concern on to improve in control operation like high accuracy trajectory tracking. This paper presents a real time position control of 6 DOF Mitsubishi robot and deals with Cartesian parameters monitoring and controlling. Feed forward control method is used. The robot movement is on Cartesian co-ordinate mode and operates from remote computer. These Cartesian parameters have to be continuously monitored and control in real time by the user. The Virtual Instrument is created using LabVIEW software which creates Graphical Control and monitoring system. An Ethernet User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used for developing an online transmission process between client and server. This helps in easy and fast transmission of data in form of messages between the client PC(s) and server robot. With the help of internet protocol, client provides the value of set point according to which the control actions are taken by the server. Finally, experimental validation is performed using a Mitsubishi robot to verify the correctness and accuracy of the approach.

Shielded enclosures are critical components of radiation safety at scientific, medical, and industrial facilities around the world. As part of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source Upgrade (CHESS-U), ADC has designed, fabricated, and installed highly modular shielded enclosures (“hutches” at synchrotron facilities). ADC utilized expert consultation offered by several facilities including engineers from Advanced Photon Source (APS)1–3 and Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS); with each facility providing guidance to assure that the design satisfies the rigorous radiation safety requirements. In this paper, ADC will discuss the design of these hutches, particularly the modular design elements which facilitate rapid installation to minimize downtime at the synchrotron.

This paper discusses the incorporation of relift Luo converters for vehicles’ front lighting purpose. As the technology is improved, there is an immediate need to improvise the efficiency and attractiveness of front lighting systems of the next generation automobiles. Therefore, the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting systems is highly recommended to facelift the luminance and its efficiency rather than conventional ways. In this work, we compared two relift Luo converters to choose a suitable topology for the above-mentioned application. All the modern equipment relies on power conditioning system to improve the efficiency and longevity of the system. Hence, it is required to analyze dc-dc converter topologies and its performance. Simulation of the relift circuits is carried out in Psim and the theoretical results are validated.

Fiber-optical corrosion sensor (FOCS) is the research hotspot of corrosion monitoring sensor in recent years. It has the advantages of lightness, simplicity, anti-electromagnetic interference and distributed measurement, so it has an attractive application prospect. In this paper, the mechanism of metal corrosion is introduced. Several common methods for detecting optical fiber corrosion sensors are presented, and the latest progress of optical fiber corrosion sensors in recent years is described. We need to design a set of sensor devices that can directly monitor the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars directly, and propose a method of time dependent reliability assessment based on monitoring data, so as to form a complete research path.

In the face of big data, long connection and high synchronization, TCP/IP network communication will cause performance bottlenecks due to its blocking multi-threading service model. This paper presents a method of TCP/IP network communication protocol based on Node.js. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of Node.js architecture and asynchronous non-blocking I/O model, the principle of its efficiency is discussed, and then compare and analyze the network communication model of TCP/IP protocol to expound the reasons why TCP/IP protocol stack is widely used in network communication. Finally, according to the large data and high concurrency in the large-scale grape growing environment monitoring process, a TCP server design based on Node.js is completed. The results show that the example runs stably and efficiently.

This paper presents a new integrated planning framework for effective accommodating electric vehicles in smart distribution systems (SDS). The proposed method incorporates various investment options available for the utility collectively, including distributed generation (DG), capacitors and network reinforcement. Using a back-propagation algorithm combined with cost-benefit analysis, the optimal network upgrade plan, allocation and sizing of the selected components are determined, with the purpose of minimizing the total system capital and operating costs of DG and EV accommodation. Furthermore, a new iterative reliability test method is proposed. It can check the optimization results by subsequently simulating the reliability level of the planning scheme, and modify the generation reserve margin to guarantee acceptable adequacy levels for each year of the planning horizon. Numerical results based on a 32-bus distribution system verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Various wireless, implantable and wearable devices are used for continuous monitoring of health condition. These devices consist of various type of biosensor such as pacemaker. The operational amplifier (op-amp) is an example of an extended device which is located at the front end of this biosensor. The op-amp plays an important role of amplifying the strength of a signal. This paper focuses on the development of a two stage CMOS op-amp in 0.13 μm technology using pseudo cascode compensation technique. The pseudo cascode compensation technology is proposed to enhance the stability of a circuit. The op-amp is implemented using 0.13 μm CMOS technology from Siltera (Malaysia) and is simulated using a Mentor Graphic Design Architect software package. The proposed op amp achieved DC gain of 57.87 dB, unity gain frequency of 57.390 kHz, bandwidth of 54.87 Hz and power dissipation of 3.02 mW for 50 μA external bias current. The op-amp shows exceptionally stable operation with phase margin of 80.65 ° and gain margin of 10.901 dB.

In this article different brushless dc motor controlling techniques are presented. The aim of the paper is to show the most adequate algorithm to control a brushless motor at low speeds and high torques. Trapezoidal, sinusoidal and space vector techniques are described as well as various ways of finding the rotor’s position, based on which proper commutations are given. Further on a custom controller is described. It bases on SVPWM technique that gave the best results during the simulation process. Two structures of SVPWM control loop with and without current feedback are illustrated and described. Communication between the regulator and master control board is featured as well as controller’s currents and rotor’s position feedback.

Flaws that might be a result of the welding process have to be detected, in order to assure high quality thus reliability of elements exploited in aircraft industry. Currently the inspection stage is conducted manually by a qualified workforce. There are no commercially available systems that could support or replace humans in the flaw detection process. In this paper authors present a novel non-destructive system developed for quality assurance purposes of welded elements utilized in the aircraft industry.

The development of modern economy makes the demand for pipeline construction and construction rapidly increasing, and the pipeline welding has become an important link in pipeline construction. At present, there are still a large number of using of manual welding methods at home and abroad, and field pipe welding especially lacks miniature and portable automatic welding equipment. An automated welding system consists of a control system, which consisting of a lower computer control panel and a host computer operating interface, as well as automatic welding machine mechanisms and welding power systems in coordination with the control system. In this paper, a new control system of automatic pipe welding based on the control panel of the lower computer and the interface of the host computer is proposed, which has many advantages over the traditional automatic welding machine.

This paper investigates the relay selection in energy harvesting cooperative networks, where the relays harvests energy from the radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by a source, and the optimal relay is selected and uses the harvested energy to assist the information transmission from the source to its destination. Both source and the selected relay transmit information using rateless code, which allows the destination recover original information after collecting codes bits marginally surpass the entropy of original information. In order to improve transmission performance and efficiently utilize the harvested power, the optimal relay is selected. The optimization problem are formulated to maximize the achievable information rates of the system. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed relay selection scheme outperform other strategies.

This paper reports the design of respiratory sensor using fiber optic for newborn incubator application. The sensor works based on light intensity losses difference obtained due to thorax movement during respiration. The output of the sensor launched to support electronic circuits to be processed in Arduino Uno microcontroler such that the real-time respiratory rate (breath per minute) can be presented on LCD. Experiment results using thorax expansion of newborn simulator show that the system is able to measure respiratory rate from 10 up to 130 breaths per minute with 0.595% error and 0.2% hysteresis error.

Aiming at the problems of low precision or even precision divergent is caused by nonlinear observation equation in radar target tracking, a new filtering algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, local linearization is carried out on the observed data of the distance and angle respectively. Then the kalman filter is performed on the linearized data. After getting filtered data, a mapping operation will provide the posteriori estimation of target state. A large number of simulation results show that this algorithm can solve above problems effectively, and performance is better than the traditional filtering algorithm for nonlinear dynamic systems.

This paper summarizes the current status of the ALCHEMI project, a European collaborative undertaking under the Solar-Era.Net co-fund scheme. The project’s aim is to develop novel, low cost, HCPV modules that operate at ∼1000 suns, and demonstrate a DC module efficiency of >37% under Concentrator Standard Test Conditions (CSTC), and a manufacturing process that will achieve costs

This paper introduces the current radar intra-pulse modulation method, describes the status quo and development direction of the intentional modulation and unintentional modulation in the pulse, and summarizes the existing problems and prospects for the future. Looking forward to the future, and providing a reference direction for the research on radar signal recognition in the next step.

The effect of electric loads growth emerged direct impact in power systems distribution. Drop voltage and power losses one of the important things in power systems distribution. This paper presents modelling approach used to restructrure electrical network configuration, reduce drop voltage, reduce power losses and add new distribution transformer to enhance reliability of power systems distribution. Restructrure electrical network was aimed to analyse and investigate electric loads of a distribution transformer. Measurement of real voltage and real current were finished two times for each consumer, that were morning period and night period or when peak load. Design and simulation were conduct by using ETAP Power Station Software. Based on result of simulation and real measurement precentage of drop voltage and total power losses were mismatch with SPLN (Standard PLN) 72:1987. After added a new distribution transformer and restructrured electricity network configuration, the result of simulation could reduce drop voltage from 1.3 % - 31.3 % to 8.1 % - 9.6 % and power losses from 646.7 watt to 233.29 watt. Result showed, restructrure electricity network configuration and added new distribution transformer can be applied as an effective method to reduce drop voltage and reduce power losses.

Power factor regulator technology has recently drawn attention to the consumer and to power generation company in order for consumers to use electricity efficiently. Controlling of power factor for efficient usage can reduce the production of power in fulfilment demands hence reducing the greenhouse effect. This paper presents the design method of power factor controller for household usage. There are several methods to improve the power factor. The power factor controller used by this method is by using capacitors. Total harmonic distortion also has become a major problem for the reliability of the electrical appliances and techniques to control it will be discussed.

In this paper, the Authors present results of a complex case study, in which a natural smoke ventilation system was introduced into a historical mall Koszyki Market Hall located in the centre of Warsaw. As historical authorities protected the building, the only solution possible was to use a natural system – known for deficient performance in facade applications. To maximise the performance of the smoke control system, a Computational Wind Engineering exercise was performed. The goal was to find the most difficult wind attack angles, and optimise the performance at these conditions. Once the wind influence was known, a transient analysis was performed that included the growth of the fire within the building, as well as a numerical evacuation study. The resulting system was immune to the wind effects, and provided safe evacuation to users of the building, even in difficult wind conditions.

Modern vision systems allow to precise and fast spatial measurements. The high resolution cameras are commonly used in 3D scanners or real-time systems for manufacturing inspection. There exist also integrated tracking systems equipped with cameras, usually based on single fully controlled gimbal head and allow only for angular measurements. Despite the fact that laser trackers or TOF cameras could measure 3D coordinates using single sensor, they have significant limitations. In this paper a vision system for tracking the end effector of loading crane will be presented. The system based on two controlled independent gimbal heads and allows to observe a group of markers mounted at the effector. The measurements can be performed based on encoders feedback and marker position on images. The complex calibration procedure for gimbal kinematics and camera positions will be explained. The tests results, application the system for crane controlling and its limitation will be discussed.

3D printing methods are convenient tools for fabricating tailored and functional prosthesis. The article includes some overview of selected 3D printing technologies and developments in the field of additive manufacturing of prosthesis Fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering, stereolithography and 3D-Bioplotter printing are commonly used 3D printing techniques for creating part of specific medical needs. The paper presents aspect of practical application of 3d printing method (FFF) for manufacturing of tailored swimming prosthesis. Current work presents the preparation of a CAD project of the swimming prosthesis for children, designing of the fixing system for the swimming prosthesis and technological processes of additive manufacturing using the Fused Filament Fabrication method.

Rolling bearing is an important and fragile component in the EMU. To give a safe condition assessment of rolling bearing, especially for early fault diagnosis, is very necessary and become an urgent thing to the EMU. A fault detection and diagnosis method based on EEMD, sample entropy and SVM is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the investigated signal is decomposed into several IMFs by EEMD. Then, the values of sample entropy of IMFs are extracted as the feature vectors, and finally the fault detection and classification are carried out with feature vectors by using SVM. The method can effectively diagnose the fault. Compared with the results of EMD and SVM combination, this method is more accurate and valid.