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Drinking water samples were taken from 18 villages around Zakho district, Kurdistan region, Iraq in annual seasons of 2018 year and chemical analysis of most important water quality parameters were carried out. Water temperature is varied about 13.2 C to 18.7 C, four villages have slight acidic water while other 15 locations are tend to be slight alkaline and highest pH value reaches 8.4, electrical conductivity (μs/cm) is over the permissible values of standard drinking water in two villages and high in 4 location while normal in the rest 13 locations, statistical analysis of dissolved oxygen ranges between 6.73 - 8.40 mg/l, statistical analysis of total hardness revealed that the all villages around Zakho district have hard to intensive hard water over 500 mg/l and gives them a slight bitter taste, calcium hardness gives extremely ranges between 72-392 mg/l, and Mg hardness between 39-250 mg/l, statistical analysis of chloride shows is around 250 mg/l which is typical standard for drinking water, SO4 is low and their means located between 18-58 mg/l and NO3 not exceeded 5 mg/l along year months reflecting their purity from pollution. The content of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ag, Ni, Cr,Co, are below maximum permissible WHO guidelines and save for drinking while lead is over WHO permissible levels in this rank Mala> Jajoe> Easlam> Bntate> Banee villages and considered a dangerous indicators for drinking water quality in these villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the application of horizontal drilling in an oilfield of Kurdistan region of Iraq. The most important developments in Petroleum industry were through drilling technology by producing more horizontal wells in the worlds since eighties. Horizontal drilling is considered as a cost-effective method for developing reserves because of continues breakthrough of hardware equipment in oil fields. The technology of Horizontal wells remains to be a remarkable enthusiasm of oil industry since they can give an attractive way to enhancing both production rate and oil recovery factor. The practice of drilling a horizontal oil well in Kurdistan region of Iraq will be highlighted in this paper. In the previous few years horizontal drilling in this region has given an exciting experience for petroleum engineers. A horizontal well will be drilled in the oil fields of Taq Taq and one of the important applications of this well is to recover production rate in thin/tight reservoir and saving in total growth cost. The aim of this paper is to show the structure and parts of horizontal well. Well plan viewpoints incorporate choice of bit and casing sizes, casing setting depths and penetrating mud density, casing, and hydraulics, technique for boring and well profile. An Iraqi oil field (Taq Taq field) is selected for designing horizontal well to increase the productivity and long rich position. Short to Medium radius horizontal well profile is suggested for the developing the field. This paper employs instructions learned and results obtained while applying a rotary drilling of an offset nearby well with liner system on conventional horizontal rig, during the designing and drilling operation arrangement. The main goal of this work is to show the impact of horizontal drilling application on the performance improvement of that oil field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the period 2006– 2019. The higher escalation of automobile numbers in Iraq generally and the Kurdistan Region (KRI) in specific has led to a rapid increase in air pollution. During the ISIS war, the area faced problems due to the decline in the economic level and the increase in the number of refugees from different war regions in Iraq and even from Syria which led to an increase in the old, environmentally unfriendly vehicles. The number of automobiles has increased by 21 times, therefore the consumed fuel and the released pollutant increased by the same rate. Large traffic data were obtained from the Traffic General Directorate in KRI. Tenths of gasoline and diesel oil samples were laboratory tested for Sulphur content. The practical aspects of the research took nearly two years, as samples of fuel were taken during different seasons and examined in the laboratories of Koya University. These checks were accompanied by a statistical investigation of the daily fuel consumption for each type of vehicle based on the traveled distances. The estimated emissions of harmful gases are concentrated on (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and HC) in addition to MP (mass particulates). These data were analyzed and graphically represented in a suitable way. The research aims to determine the risk assessment of the increase of different pollutants on the environment due to transportation during the period from 2006–2019 in.KRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to generate and maintain competitive advantage in supply chain is critical to an organization's survival, particularly in the era of globalization. However, there are a limited number of logistics service providers (LSPs) studies exploring sustainable competitive advantage in post-war countries. In post-war countries such as Iraq, organizations face various challenges to recover and achieve competitive advantage in the supply chain. Thus, the key objectives of this study are to examine the relationships between hotel's logistics resources and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in the context of tourism industry development in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Questionnaire was used as data collection technique to measure the effect of logistics resources on SCA. The results showed that that there is strongly relationship between logistics resources and SCA in hotel industry. Therefore, the tourism in Kurdistan region needs continued government attention and supports. It is also critically vital to identify logistics resources to facilitate SCA, which may assist the new model's development in improving tourism industry in Kurdistan region of Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]