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Nowadays increasing energy efficiency and introducing energy-saving technologies is a strategic task for all national economies. During various industrial processes a large amount of heat is released which is often utilized in cooling towers of various types or dissipated in the atmosphere. The paper presents a study of a two-stage ORC-installation with various working fluids of cascades which allows solving the problems of heat recovery at industrial enterprises effectively. The paper presents an analysis of the thermodynamic cycles of the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant for various working fluids, and also determines the thermodynamic parameters of the combined cycles of an ORC plant with different working fluids. Promising working fluids for the primary and secondary circuits of a two-stage ORC plant are proposed, the thermal efficiency of combined cycles is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the heat and power system of oil refineries. Particular attention is given to the current process flow schemes of heat supply of the refinery individual processes, using the example of a fuel refinery. The schemes analysis revealed the sources of the internal heat generation and the main areas of application. Besides, we evaluate the share of the external energy consumption. The paper is concerned with the characteristic of the main heat generating equipment, the evaluation of the manufacturing processes heat energy absolute and specific consumption, as well as with the most energy-intensive productions identifying. The paper looks at the performance indicators of heating systems and heat generating equipment. Finally, we propose the directions of increasing the efficiency of the refinery heat and power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishery activities rely heavily on the design and build of efficient fishing boats. Manufacturing of various types of fishing boats is typically conducted with the Make-to-Order production process and go through several stages including wood selection, size determination, cutting, assembly, and finishing. Such a process is classified as traditional-way manufacturing. Workers are often exhausted due to lengthy and monotonous shipbuilding work, high production of floor temperatures, unfavorable weather and poor outdoor conditions. The work presented in this paper was conducted based on several factors, such as physical environment, equipment/machine factor, and work condition factor. The ultimate aim of the research is to provide an analysis of work system improvements using the macroeconomic analysis and design (MEAD) approach in order to increase workers' productivity. Based on the analysis, the pulse rate measured by the workers' % Cardiovascular Load (CVL) was equal to 39.07%. Normal rest energy consumption was equal to 5.20 Kcal/min. For workload, there are four workers who must be given additional rest time (worker 1, worker 5 and worker 6) of 8 min, 4 min and 16 min, respectively at 10.00-10.12 PM. With the addition of rest time, there is an increase in work productivity in shipyard production to 12 pieces from the previous 10 pieces of wood components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is a promising alternative for fossil fuels that can not only help in reducing pollution but can also provide livelihood to local farmers. The production of biodiesel from its sources is a relatively simple process but involves a number of process parameters. Optimal combination of these process parameters is essential to obtain a high yield or conversion rate. The selection of appropriate process parameters becomes a trickier job when multiple conflicting criteria are considered together. In this paper, a multi-criteria decision-making approach is used for selecting the optimal combination of biodiesel production process parameters such that energy, reactant consumption and waste generation is decreased. The reaction temperature, catalyst amount and ratio of methanol to oil are considered as the process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar industrial process heat (SIPH) technologies, such as concentrating solar power collectors, could economically replace the steam or heat needs at many industrial sites by providing high-temperature heat transfer fluids (HTFs) such as pressurized water, synthetic-oil, or direct steam. Renewable thermal energy systems (RTES) could be hybridized with different renewable options e.g., flat plate collectors with parabolic trough collectors, or combined with existing heat supplies (e.g., fossil fuels), to give options for targeted SIPH applications, industrial decarbonization and the reduction of fuel consumption. Hybrid solutions and thermal energy storage will be important for the dispatch of heat at optimal times needed by the demand side of the buildings and industrial applications. At present, there is no integrated modeling tool for hybrid RTES, and this paper highlights the development of a renewable thermal hybridization framework for IPH use that is built from existing tools like System Advisor Model. The long-term vision for the framework (through significant further research) is to develop a coupled hybrid energy generation and cost analysis tool, where the tool could help the user in determining the most suitable and cost-effective technologies for their applications. Ongoing work will look to add costs for RTES options and further refinement on the selection of suitable technologies. This future tool could calculate the levelized cost of heat of various RTES hybrid options, by taking the user's solar resource, fuel costs, industrial heat demand profile, available land, and other factors into account to determine the applicability into their process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplification of manufacturing efficiency can drive the great impact to the energy consumption. In foundry industry, CRIMSON (Constrained Rapid Induction Melting Single Shot Up-Casting) usually used to reduce the sequences of processes and energy consumption. The present paper focuses to analyze the CRIMSON sand casting stages due to its energy consumption and environmental impact. In this paper, CRIMSON sand casting process is used to produce automotive component, intake manifold. The environmental impact assessment obtained through simulation by considering material and energy consumption while in manufacturing process. It is proven that CRIMSON sand casting drive to higher energy efficiency. However, the pollutant is still found in a quite large amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the need to improve the effectiveness of DFMA in count reduction problem by applying Design for Manufacturing Assembly (DFMA) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to reduce components and improve the sustainability of an angle grinder. Results showed that the design efficiency has increased from 21.1% to 22.2% after applying DFMA, whereas the LCA showed that the components had been reduced to 15% when the material is proposed for a change. These results are significant in proving the use of both tools to be applied in reducing the cost of manufacturing the product as well as to improve the sustainable aspects of designing an angle grinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the incremental flowforming process is widely explored because of the usage of complex tubular products is increasing due to the light-weighting trend and the use of expensive materials. The enhanced mechanical properties of finished parts combined with the process efficiency in terms of raw material and energy consumption are the key factors for its competitiveness and sustainability, which is consistent with EU industry policy. As a promising technology, additional steps for extending the existing flowforming limits in the production of tubular products are required. The objective of the present research is to further expand the current state of the art regarding limitations on tube thickness and diameter, exploring the feasibility to flowform complex geometries as tubes of elevated thickness of up to 60 mm. In this study, the analysis of the backward flowforming process of 7075 aluminum tubular preform is carried out to define the optimum process parameters, machine requirements and tooling geometry as demonstration case. Numerical simulation studies on flowforming of thin walled tubular components have been considered to increase the knowledge of the technology. The calculation of the rotational movement of the mesh preform, the high ratio thickness/length and the thermomechanical condition increase significantly the computation time of the numerical simulation model. This means that efficient and reliable tools able to predict the forming loads and the quality of flowformed thick tubes are not available. This paper aims to overcome this situation by developing a simulation methodology based on FEM simulation code including new strategies. Material characterization has also been performed through tensile test to able to design the process. Finally, to check the reliability of the model, flowforming tests at industrial environment have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of green manufacturing process in food industries is currently a hot research topic in the multidisciplinary area of applied chemistry, biology and technology. Several process such as freezing, cutting, drying, tempering, bleaching, sterilization, extraction and filtering have been applied efficiency in the food industry. Due to the rapid development of food and peripheral technology, the use of new physical processing or auxiliary processing methods can maintain food inherent nutrients, texture, color and freshness and also reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption in food processing. Hence, this review paper will study and summarize the effects of green manufacturing process in food industries in term of waste reduction, materials and sustainability manufacturing. In any case, All the food processing equipment must comply with strict standards and regulation, this action will ensure the securing the food quality and safety of food products to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer-printing is an important, commercial technology for manufacturing state of the art CPV modules, and has emerged recently as a key enabling technology for the realization of ultra-high-efficiency, mechanically stacked III-V solar cells with low cost. This paper presents the latest results for microscale CPV cells grown on GaAs, InP and GaSb substrates for ultra-high-efficiency, four-terminal, mechanically stacked architectures. The latest findings from a combination of modeling, growth, processing and characterization of single and multijunction solar cells are described, and the roadmap to the long-term goal of using transfer-printing to produce the first solar cell with 50% conversion efficiency is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the benefits of using patterned ion implantation to create higher efficiency selective emitter solar cells. This doping approach uses in-situ masking to enable selective doping of the contact and field regions of the emitter in a single step. The cell efficiency benefits of implantation versus current POCl3 diffusion processes are also explained, highlighting the improved junction quality, the ability to perform single side doping and the elimination of a junction isolation step which reduces cell efficiency. The implanted selective emitter solar cell process described reduces cell cost per watt through a combination of higher cell efficiency, improved cell binning and fewer process steps. Alignment between the doped regions of the solar cell and the subsequent downstream metallization process is key to enabling this process for adoption in PV manufacturing. The benefits for process integration of the implanted process will be described including the ability to optically align to the selectively implanted contact regions without additional alignment fiducial marks on the front of the cell. Experimental data yielding cell efficiencies of >19% are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]