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Chat bots are on the rise these days. The ease of using Chat bots and their quick response technology make them favored among users. In the traditional method to get some information, users need to consult a person via call or email and wait till a reply even for simple queries which is time taking, the Chat bot technology made things quick and easy. Chat bots are simple computer programs that simulate human conversations in text or audio. Several approaches are available for developing a Chat bot are Rule-based, Ensemble-based, etc. Although we have a Rule-based approach, Deep learning technology is one of the best methods to create effective and perfect human interactive Chat bots because of its self-training ability. From data, deep learning Chat bots learn everything based on human-to-human conversation. It will learn more effectively if you feed it more data. In Deep Learning, Retrieval-based and Generative-based approaches are the best for building interactive Chat bots. Retail and e-commerce, hospitality, travel, finance, banking, and fintech, healthcare, media, and entertainment channels are just a few of the industries where these Chat bots can be used. This paper is aimed at giving a good understanding of various approaches for making Chat bots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence is widely being used for video surveillance in order to recognize humans, vehicle, objects and even events. It utilizes computer software programs that analyse audio and images. Face recognition along with other emerging technologies have been widely used for security monitoring system. In this paper we survey usage of artificial intelligence in different areas that would help us identify and prevent fire. In the event of an emergency within an organization, an effective and timely evacuation is of the utmost importance, as hundreds or thousands of people need to be evacuated and intimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planning and scheduling of human space activities is an expensive and time-consuming task that seldom provides the crew with the control, flexibility, or insight that they need. During the past thirty years, scheduling software has seen only incremental improvements; however, software limitations continue to prevent even evolutionary improvements in the “operations concept” that is used for human space missions. Space missions are planned on the ground long before they are executed in space, and the crew has little input or influence on the schedule. In recent years the crew has been presented with a “job jar” of activities that they can do whenever they have time, but the contents of the jar is limited to tasks that do not use scarce shared resources and do not have external timing constraints. Consequently, the crew has no control over the schedule of the majority of their own tasks. As humans venture farther from earth for longer durations, it will become imperative that they have the ability to plan and schedule not only their own activities, but also the unattended activities of the systems, equipment, and robots on the journey with them. Significant software breakthroughs are required to enable the change in the operations concept. The crew does not have the time to build or modify the schedule by hand. They only need to issue a request to schedule a task and the system should automatically do the rest. Of course, the crew should not be required to build the complete schedule. Controllers on the ground should contribute the models and schedules where they have the better knowledge. The system must allow multiple simultaneous users, some on earth and some in space. The Mission Operations Laboratory at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has been researching and prototyping a modeling schema, scheduling engine, and system architecture that can enable the needed paradigm shift — it can make the crew autonomous. This schema and engine can be the core of a planning and scheduling system that would enable multiple planners, some on the earth and some in space, to build one integrated timeline. Its modeling schema can capture all the task requirements; its scheduling engine can build the schedule automatically; and its architecture can allow those (on earth and in space) with the best knowledge of the tasks to schedule them. This paper describes the enabling technology and proposes an operations concept for astronauts autonomously scheduling their activities and the activities around them. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HyperForm® and RADIOSS® which are components of the Altair® HyperWorks® software suite have been used for stamping simulation for the last fifteen years. Many features specialized for explicit stamping simulation to accurately capture the material behavior and contact phenomena have been developed over the years. Over the recent years several new innovative enhancements have been made to HyperForm and RADIOSS based on industry needs such as, analysis with fine mesh from the start of analysis for accurate spring back prediction without sacrifice of performance obtained with mesh adaptivity; high degree of scalability, reliability, quality and performance of the RADIOSS solver across multiple processors; modeling of thick sheet metal with solid elements; thermal forming for advanced high strength steels; tool stress analysis, and optimization of stamping processes and tool structures. This paper illustrates the benefits of the most recently implemented novel features in HyperForm and RADIOSS using real life examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For sustainable Exploration Missions the need exists to assemble systems-of-systems in space, on the Moon or on other planetary surfaces. To fulfill this need new and innovative system architectures must be developed to be modularized and launched with the present lift capability of existing rocket technology. To enable long duration missions with minimal redundancy and mass, system software and hardware must be reconfigurable. This will enable increased functionality and multiple use of launched assets while providing the capability to quickly overcome components failures. Additional required capability includes the ability to dynamically demate and reassemble individual system elements during a mission in order to recover from failed hardware or to adapt to changes in mission requirements. To meet the Space Exploration goals of Interoperability and Reconfigurability, many challenges must be addressed to transform the traditional static avionics architectures into architectures with dynamic capabilities. The objective of this paper is to introduce concepts associated with reconfigurable computer systems; to review the various needs and challenges associated with reconfigurable avionics space systems; to provide an operational example that illustrates the application to both the Crew Exploration Vehicle and a collection of “Habot-like” mobile surface elements; to summarize the approaches that address key challenges to the acceptance of a Flexible, Intelligent, Modular, Affordable and Reconfigurable avionics space system. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of technology, many devices and equipments can be connected to the network and internet to enable online data acquisition for real-time data monitoring and control from monitoring devices located at remote sites. Centralized radiation monitoring system (CRMS) is a system that enables area radiation level at various locations in Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia) to be monitored centrally by using a web browser. The Local Area Network (LAN) in Nuclear Malaysia is utilized in CRMS as a communication media for data acquisition of the area radiation levels from radiation detectors. The development of the system involves device configuration, wiring, network and hardware installation, software and web development. This paper describes the software upgrading on the system server that is responsible to acquire and record the area radiation readings from the detectors. The recorded readings are called in a web programming to be displayed on a website. Besides the main feature which is acquiring the area radiation levels in Nuclear Malaysia centrally, the upgrading involves new features such as uniform time interval for data recording and exporting, warning system and dose triggering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) can provide to a Human Operator (HO) a real help in achieving complex tasks, such as remote control of robots and cooperative teleassistance. Using appropriate augmentations, the HO can interact faster, safer and easier with the remote real world. In this paper, we present an extension of an existing distributed software and network architecture for collaborative teleoperation based on networked human-scaled mixed reality and mobile platform. The first teleoperation system was composed by a VR application and a Web application. However the 2 systems cannot be used together and it is impossible to control a distant robot simultaneously. Our goal is to update the teleoperation system to permit a heterogeneous collaborative teleoperation between the 2 platforms. An important feature of this interface is based on the use of different Virtual Reality platforms and different Mobile platforms to control one or many robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-period differences of technical and financial performances are analysed by comparing five North African railways over the period (1990–2004). A first approach is based on the Malmquist DEA TFP index for measuring the total factors productivity change, decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological changes. A multiple criteria analysis is also performed using the PROMETHEE II method and the software ARGOS. These methods provide complementary detailed information, especially by discriminating the technological and management progresses by Malmquist and the two dimensions of performance by Promethee: that are the service to the community and the enterprises performances, often in conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]