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Treatment of the abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches with alkaline peroxide chemicals and subsequent fibrillation at varying mechanical energies resulted in favourable morphological changes of the generated fibers. The produced fibrous mass composed of intensely fibrillated elements ranging from micro to nanodiameter fibrils. nanofibrils and webs of nanofibrils were factors contributing to the functionality of the fibrous mass as fibre web augmentation elements. Profound improvement in fiber network is particularly attributable to the ability of the collected elements to fill up inter-fiber gaps and this was attributable to the micro elements in the form of micro fines, segmented micro-fibrils and webs of nanofibrils. The uniquely generated thin layers of nanofibril webs (TN-webs), were found to increase fiber web density by gluing multiple layers of fibers, together. Having landed on the surface of micro-fiber web, these TN-webs were identified as responsible for the masking effects of the underlying micro-fibres. Under such condition, fibers were observed to coalesce, suggesting also an augmented fiber network as evident from the 130% increase in tensile index and a 450% enhancement in burst index of the resultant fiber web relative to those formed with the basic alkaline peroxide chemical-mechanical refining (CMR) synergy. This reveals a great promise to EFB for application as super-strong fibre-web materials such as packaging and specialty paper-based products.

Recently, nanomaterial based biosensor application has drawn a lot attention among researchers because of specialty to enhance the sensor signal for increasing the sensitivity for detecting and identification of pathogen, viruses and toxic compound in controlling plant disease outbreak effectively. Rice tungro disease (RTD) causes a major problem in rice production and also will effect in the economic loss in the country. Therefore, early detection system is needed to monitor the disease at the early stage of the infection for preventing the disease outbreak in planting area. Lastly, this paper will discuss the current findings in rapid diagnostics using immunosensors technologies with nanomaterial application in enhancing the sensor signal for increasing the detection sensitivity

In high voltage equipments, insulation systems are the most vital parts to prevent any discharges from occurs around the protected systems. However, the discharges in the form of electrical treeing can easily occur when there are existences of impurities, voids or defects in the insulation bulk. This phenomenon can lead to the insulation breakdown when subjected to prolonged electrical stresses. This paper discusses about the effects of silica nanofillers on the electrical treeing growth in epoxy resin. The silica nanofillers were dispersed in epoxy resin matrices homogeneously by using ultrasonication method based on weight percentage (wt %) which the weight percentages used in this study were 0 wt%, 1 wt%, and 3 wt% respectively. The influence of these nanofillers on the electrical tree breakdown resistance was investigated experimentally. The electrical tree data such as tree inception voltage, tree breakdown voltage and tree propagation time were tabulated and appropriate comparative analysis were made and presented. Last but not least, scanning electron microscopy images were captured and discussed based on its dispersion state and also the morphological features of the epoxy nanocomposites. In this study, it was found that the existence of different silica nanofiller concentrations have profound effects on insulation strength and could exhibit significant improvement of tree characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites.

In 2009 the Municipality of Rome (MR) started a re-qualification program for the street markets through the use of public-private partnership (PPP). This program concerns strategic areas and buildings within the city of Rome, including the Flaminio II street market located in Via Guido Reni in the Flaminio district. In summary, this paper intends to: i) examine the Flaminio II market pre-feasibility project elaborated by MR; ii) with reference to the PPP regulatory framework, show a further proposal to be compared with the proposal by MR. This further proposal represents the first alternative solution, drawn up in order to guarantee that following PPPs concerning street markets are approved by MR; it will be implemented in a concerted way, which will take into account the actual needs of the local stakeholders.

Coatings play an important role in a variety of engineering applications protecting metallic or ceramic substrates against oxidation, heat penetration, wear and corrosion. One of the contributing factors to structural or functional failure of coatings is a mismatch of material properties between the coating and substrate at the coating/substrate interface. The concept of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is actively explored in coating design for the purpose of eliminating this mismatch and improving coating performance and integrity. This paper presents analysis of the mechanical behavior of functionally graded coatings using commercial finite elements software ABAQUS in which user implemented graded finite elements have been employed. The model is used to carry out a comparative study of three-dimensional stress and displacement fields in the coated plates with homogeneous and functionally graded coatings.

Designers need to consider both the functional and production process requirements at the early stage of product development. A variety of the research works found in the literature has been proposed to assist designers in selecting the most viable manufacturing process chain. However, they do not provide any assistance for designers to evaluate the processes according to the particular circumstances of their company. This paper describes a framework of an Activity and Resource Advisory System (ARAS) that generates advice about the required activities and the possible resources for various manufacturing process chains. The system provides more insight, more flexibility, and a more holistic and suited approach for designers to evaluate and then select the most viable manufacturing process chain at the early stage of product development.

Due to high competitive nature of todays product market, it is essential for conceptual design architecture solution to be derived faster while still maintaining a certain level of innovation to differentiate it from other competing products. This can be a handful task for the development of complex product designs with the current geometrical-based approaches due to plethora of possible physical alternatives to be considered. The search for product design architecture solutions from its functional requirements is more effective as the functional space is comparatively smaller than the physical search space. This allows the design and development effort to be more focused and saves time and resources. With this notion, there is a driving motivation to adapt the functional approach into the conceptual design process to exploit some of its benefits. In this paper, a methodology to derive the product architecture solution from functional approach is discussed and proposed.

We introduce basic theory of genetic algorithms in this paper, Build one hybrid genetic algorithms model base on genetic algorithms in solving product optimization problem. And we realize the model by software. The disposal result of real data tells us that the model has good practicability and accuracy to the problem of product optimization problem.

High-accuracy modeling is the key problem of ship deformation measurement based on inertial measuring method. This paper is to find a high-accuracy modeling method based on the ship deformation data measured by optical devices. According to different modeling methods, mathematical models are designed by the analysis of the initial measurement data. Wavelet analysis method is introduced in the process of modeling. Attitude matching method is selected as the simulation algorithm and Kalman filter equations are set up based on the algorithm. Simulation results show that the ship deformation can be represented accurately by mathematical models. The Precision Estimation result is better than 0.4''.

In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation model to human factors is presented for information systems. The model can be used in the evaluation that the number of evaluation expert for every evaluated object or target is different. By introducing the concept of Gini coefficients, the coordinated and balance degree of evaluated targets can also be reflected in the evaluation. The proposed model can be widely used because it contains the process of different types of index such as quantitative, qualitative, cost and benefit targets. The reliability and universality are validated by experiment results.

SAR image recognition is an important content of of aviation image interpretation work. In this paper, the characteristics of SAR images a practical significance of morphological filtering neural network model and its adaptive BP learning algorithm. As can be seen through the experimental results, the algorithm can not only adapt to the complex and diverse background environment, and has a displacement of the same continuous moving target detection capability, telescopic invariant and rotation invariant features.

Researches on technologies about testing aggregate bandwidth of file systems in cloud storage systems. Through the memory file system, network file system, parallel file system theory analysis, according to the cloud storage system polymerization bandwidth and concept, developed to cloud storage environment file system polymerization bandwidth test software called FSPoly. In this paper, use FSpoly to luster file system testing, find reasonable test methods, and then evaluations latest development in cloud storage system file system performance by using FSPoly.

In most document management system, all documents are stored in center database server. Actually in daily work, documents uploaded is always need to be stored in the client where the business processes is dealing accordance with the requirements ,but management information system and OA system can not solve this problem. This paper presents a novel framework which integrated the SOA Service of storage to client so called multi process site, to meet the document management requirements that different document processing unit requires document storage is distribution, but the business processes requires centralized.

The intrusion detection under the environment of IPv6 is an important security technology along with firewall in system security defense system, which can be used for real-time detection and monitoring of the system in the whole process of system invasion. This paper puts forward an intrusion detection system under IPv6 platform based on intrusion detection feature attribute reduction by using pattern matching, so as to expand the range of application and user group of the security products. By the analysis and comparison of various pattern matching algorithms, the new algorithm realizes the intrusion feature module matching under IPv6, and make detection system be of high efficiency. Later experiments have proved this view.

This paper proposes a fast deblurring method based on back propagation neural networks (BPNN), in which the symmetry of blur function is utilized to reduce the size of network. In the image block used to be training vector, the pixels that have the same distance with centrral pixel are set the same weight in BPNN. This set of weight is realized by adding all the pxiels that have the same distance to be one input data of BPNN. Comparing with the classic BPNN based deblurring method in which the symmetry of blur function is not considered, the proposed method decreased the computation consumption largely. At the same time, the performance of proposed method is improved. Several experiments results testify the superiority of proposed deblurring method. Keywords-image deblurring; back propagation neural networks; blur function.

This paper studied the mapping problem for rescue robots based on laser scan matching and extend Kalman filtering (EKF). Because of the non-structural rescue environments, it is hard to extract typical features. Scan matching method based on normal distribution transform (NDT) can avoid the hard feature extraction problem by estimation of the probability distribution of laser scan data. By fusing NDT scan matching with EKF framework, the NDT-EKF SLAM algorithm was proposed, which can effectively and precisely build maps for rescue environment. Experiment results show that NDT-EKF SLAM algorithm is more precise than algorithms based solely on scan-matching.

Medical researchers seek to identify and predict profit (or effectiveness) potential in a new medicine B against a specified disease by comparing it to an existing medicine A, which has been used to treat the disease for many years, called medicine assessment. Applying traditional data mining techniques to the medicine assessment, one can discover patterns, such as A.X=a à B.Y=b, which are identified at the attribute-value level. These patterns are useful in predicting associated behaviors at the attribute-value level. However, to evaluate B against A, we have to obtain globally useful relations between B and A at an attribute level. Therefore, this paper proposes a group interaction approach for multiple data source discovery. Group interactions include, such as rules, differences, and links between datasets. These group interactions are discovered at the attribute level. For example, R(A.X, B.Y), where R is a relationship, or a predication. Some examples are presented for illustrating the use of the group interaction approach.

This paper puts forward an optimal and distributed fusion Kalman filter based on the Riccati equation, optimal and distributed fusion The Kalman filter has fewer calculated dimensions and less calculated amount than the centralized global optimal Kalman filter. Therefore, it has greater effect in the practice. Present the distributed local self-correcting Kalman filter at the same time. The simulation examples showed its validity.

Retracted paper: The conventional material for the optical fiber communication laser diode is based on InGaAsP, which might be substituted by a potential candidate, InGaAlN. The new active region material, InN, is introduced regarding to its crystal growth and characterization, including the structural, optical and electrical properties. This material is promising for providing good performance of temperature stability of the wavelength. In addition, it is environmentally friendly.

The widely used routing algorithm performance metric of adaptiveness cannot precisely measure performance of routing algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new metric of routing pressure for measuring routing algorithm performance. It has higher precision of measuring routing algorithm performance than degree of adaptiveness. Performance of routing algorithm can be evaluated through routing pressure without simulation. It can explain why congestion takes place in network. In addition, where and when congestion takes place can be pointed out without simulation.

In Network-on-Chip (NoC), adaptive routing provides packets multi paths to reach their destinations. Thus, packets can escape the hot-spot nodes. However, as our study indicates that adaptive routing cannot distribute traffic evenly in the network as expected. A local region will be injected more packets than others, which makes congestion takes place in that local region. Local congestion has significant impact on network performance. In this paper, we carry out a detail studying on local congestion in NoC.

The inertial navigation system error caused by sea current and log error greatly oscillates. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of damping attitude, the vehicles movement should be detected in real-time. For this reason, a novel adaptive level damped algorithm was presented in this paper. According to the characteristics of the movement of the ship, this algorithm has determined when to turn into the damp loop according to the change of acceleration. Theoretical analysis and Simulations results show that the adaptive level damped algorithm could damp most of the Schuler and Foucault oscillations period, and efficiently improve the precision of the PINS on ships.

At present, the traffic engineering and automation have developed, and the vehicle license plate recognition technology need get a corresponding improvement also. In case of identifying a car license picture, the principle of automatic license plate recognition is illustrated in this paper, and the processing is described in detail which includes the pre-processing, the edge extraction, the license plate location, the character segmentation, the character recognition. The program implementing recognition is edited by Matlab. The example result shows that the recognition method is feasible, and it can be put into practice.

The pitch adjusting rate (PAR) is an important parameter in harmony search algorithm, which indicates that the algorithm will choose a neighboring value with a probability. The traditional harmony search algorithm uses fixed value for PAR. However, PAR should be increased when all objective values are centralized and decreased when the function values are scattered in the solution space. In this paper, a new cloud harmony search algorithm (CHS) is proposed. We introduce cloud model theory to adjust the value PAR in the harmony search to improve the global search ability and make faster convergence speed of the algorithm. The improved harmony search algorithm is tested on some benchmark functions and the results are compared with the result of the traditional harmony search. Experimental results indicate that the improved harmony search algorithm has a good performance in the global search ability and convergent speed.

mage enhancement has applied widely in biomedical, nondestructive testing, satellite remote sensing and other fields. Especially for the low contrast radiographic images, usually there are some disadvantages for a radiographic image such as the local area image does not show a striking contrast. In order to improve the clearness of low contrast radiographic images, in this paper we combined global adaptive equalization with local dynamic enhancement,then we simulate this enhancement algorithm. The new method will not only effectively increase the global contrast of low contrast radiographic images, but also intensify local details. Because the new algorithms contrast enhancement coefficient function can be adjusted dynamically and locally, the new algorithms are not only adaptive to the process of radiographic images but also having great reference value to the other grayscale images.

Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with mutation operation based on K-means is proposed in this paper, this algorithm Combined the local searching optimization ability of K-means with the gobal searching optimization ability of Particle Swarm Optimization, the algorithm self-adaptively adjusted inertia weight according to fitness variance of population. Mutation operation was peocessed for the poor performative particle in population. The results showed that the algorithm had solved the poblems of slow convergence speed of traditional Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and easy falling into the local optimum of K-Means, and more effectively improved clustering quality.

An attitude control system of a spinning spacecraft with internal moving mass is presented in this paper. This system consists of a rigid body and two internal radial moving masses. The mathematical model, including attitude kinematics and nonlinear dynamics equations, is established based on Newtonian mechanics. The control law is designed based on the linear-quadratic-regulator (LQR) theory. The performance of the controller is demonstrated in numerical simulation, and the response shows that the attitude control system is stable and effective.

t is a tough work to select accurate web pages for search engine. This paper applied a semantic parsing model into search engine by comparing the conceptual structures between users input and text. The words, sentences and sentence groups can be mapped into conceptual symbols, semantic categories, and contextual elements based on the theory of Hierarchical Network of Concepts. The approach will improve the intelligence and flexibility of the search engine in future.

Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is the most successful technology for recommendation systems. However, traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm does not consider the change of time information. For this problem,this paper improve the algorithm with two new methods:Predict score incorporated with time information in order to reflect the user interest change; Recommend according to scores by adding the weight information determined by the item life cycle. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional item in accuracy.

In the current information age, computer-aided translation (CAT) is gaining greater concern and appreciation of translators. In this paper some widely employed softwares will be briefly introduced in terms of transformation from machine translation (MT) to CAT. Softwares of CAT will be the major focus, involving the illustration of their basic working principles and advantages, and some ways to get them improved.

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of attention from the network research community, especially in the aspect of event-driven wireless sensor networks (EWSNs), such as adversary locating, fire detection and so on.As the nature of importance of event monitoring, security has to be assured in both of communication and processing. However, due to the inherent resource constraints, security inEWSNs is faceddifferent issues and challenges than traditional WSNs.In this paper, we attempt to give an outline on the security issuesin the EWSNs. And then we propose a new secure architecture for it, which covers potential security issues. In this architecture, we analyze the possible threats and give out the correspondingcountermeasures.

This paper describes the algorithms analysis and design course that uses ACM-ICPC programming competition problems as the basis for the lectures, homework and exams. Programming contest has certain timeliness, openness and objectivity of evaluation. By taking part in programming competitions students can improve solving problems and programming skills. The course of algorithm analysis and design presents the solution strategies of a number of specific issues (such as the sorting problems, search problems, path problems, combinatorial problems, etc.) so that students can master the algorithm design strategies and analysis methods. We prepare many problems for each issue in the online judgment system (OJS). By using OJS, we carry out all experiments and examinations in the specified times. After solving some problem, students submit the code to OJS through browser. We can output the student codes to further analysis in the background management system. Online judge system provides an open, independent teaching platform for students to learn the course knowledge. With OJS students can submit their code at any time and any where. Keywordsalgorithm analysis and design course; open teaching platform; online judge system (OJS); programming competition

With the rapid developing of wireless communication technology and the growing user service, the demand on the system capacity from users is growing. In the LTE network, the uneven load distribution makes that network resource is not fully utilized, which results that the capacity is limited. In this paper, a novel optimizing mechanism of network load balancing based on the network manager is proposed. The eNBs in the network will broadcast the current load status by the way of adapting a new message format with the life cycle bit when the load of the cell is changed, then the serving eNB can decide which part of users in the cell should transfer to the neighboring cells and send a request to the network manager. The network manager will calculate whether the transferred users make the neighboring cell load exceed the threshold. If not, the users can be transferred to the neighboring cell and release the serving cells load burdon. Otherwise, the serving cell will search other neighboring cells to transfer the users. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism will not consume more network resource and improve the network throughput significantly.

Black-Scholes equation is the basic equation of option pricing in financial mathematics, it is important to study its numerical solution in financial market. This paper constructs a new kind of high order accuracy numerical algorithm (Three-layer difference scheme) for Black-Scholes equation with payment of dividend. Secondly, it gives the convergence of scheme. Thirdly, the stability and error estimates are analyzed. Finally, the numerical examples show the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme. The truncation error of Three-layer scheme is little worse than CrankNicolson scheme and computational cost is little better than Crank-Nicoslon scheme. Therefore, the scheme is better suitable for applying to calculate the option pricing in the demanding high level of instantaneity. Keywords-component; Black-Scholes equation; Three-layer difference scheme; calculation stability; error estimate; numerical example

Traditionally, enterprises have approached IT modernization and back office process enhancement in silos, by introducing multiple vendors with different technologies, platforms and operating systems, which limits process integrity and leads to disseminated responsibilities. In contrast, the Cloud revolution has made it much easier for enterprises to approach business transformation in a holistic manner, leading to a quantum leap in their business and IT practices and performance. In other words, Cloud-based workflow (which is shorted for cloud workflow) technology is now regarded as a pretty good solution: Cloud workflow helps organizations in process harmonization, optimal organization design and change management offering benefits beyond cost reduction, it enables a complex application instance to be abstractly defined, flexibly configured and auto-operated. This paper introduces shortly the technology of both cloud computing and workflow and then presents the concepts and features of cloud workflow. Meanwhile, the following part discusses the application scenario and the application cases of cloud workflow. Lastly a possible trend of workflow in the future is proposed.

The quest for the advanced functional material of superior functionality for advanced structure is being driven in various fronts of engineering materials. One of such front is metal matrix composite (MMC) which has already been proven as one of the most productive field in that respect. With the advance of technology, now it is possible to reinforce the MMCs with nanosized particles compared to conventional micron-sized ones. However, the addition of nanoparticle in the MMC to improve its mechanical properties is not unconditional. To achieve positive gain by adding nanoparticles in the MMCs, all the influencing factors should be taken into consideration. The present paper reviews the failure mechanisms of nanoparticles reinforced MMCs in light of its strengthening mechanisms.

Cellular automaton (CA) has been widely investigated as random number generators (RNGs). However, the CA rule and the number of neighbors must be chosen carefully for good randomness. In Ref. [11], non-uniform CA with next nearest neighborhood was applied to generate a pseudo-random sequence. Considering that non-uniform CA has more complex implementation in hardware and needs lager memory to store different rules than uniform CA. In this paper, we propose new RNGs based on uniform CA with next nearest neighborhood. Time spacing technique and NIST statistical test suite are used to find optimal rules for uniform CA. Experiment results show that the sequences generated by uniform CA with optimal rules successfully passed all tests in the NIST suite.

Semantic Web application is the application of semantic Web technology, of which the data containing semantic, thus is able to support the knowledge understanding and the knowledge processing. It can share information and refine information dynamically through the Internet access, which makes more full use of the existing Web resource on the Internet. In this paper, the definitions of semantic Web application as well as the structure and properties are formulated. A semantic Web development model is constructed with reference to the Web application development model.

The aliasing due to subsampling and the blur from the finite detector size can decrease quality of the images and make fine details and structures difficult to interpret. High resolution images can be reconstructed from several adjacent frames in a sequence by reconstruction process. This paper describes the high resolution image reconstruction method based on wavelet domain. In this approach both the image sequences and the degradation operator are presented by orthogonal wavelet with compact support. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective to improve image details.

This paper describes a cycle in which organizational learning and software development serve each other, presents the concept of organizational learning cycle method. Experience in a real software development project has led us to identify several key challenges for software design and development through organizational learning. A discussion of these challenges presents steps taken toward addressing them, as well as barriers remaining. Keywords-Organizational learning, Group memory, Systems design, Collaborative work

In this paper, through specific description of the concept of virtual private network VPN, operating principles and the IPSec protocol, and using the OPNET software for performance simulation of IPSec VPN network, we get the result of IPSec VPN throughput of the network, which is unstable. o though IPSec VPN has improved the safety performance of data transmission, it at the same time affects the transmission efficiency. By analyzing the problems of IPSec VPN, in terms of improving safety performance, the combination of PKI and IPSec VPN program was proposed. Theoretical analysis shows that such program can indeed solve the problem of authentication imperfect, thus improving the safety performance of the network.

With the development of component technology, component granularity plays a very import role on the complexity of component composition. How to assemble the component of big granularity? How to make the component in the same domain integrated? Application framework brings the new era of software-reused technology. But how to construct application framework to make it higher reuse? According to the current research of application framework, the paper gives a hierarchy model; The model divides application framework into several layers. Different application framework in different layer has different solutions and the higher the application framework stands in, the lower the probability of change is.

Linear cryptanalysis is a statistical analysis method. Linear cryptanalysis constructs probabilistic patterns first and then distinguishes the cipher from a random permutation using lots of plaintext-ciphertext pairs. Linear cryptanalysis has a big data complexity. Algebraic attack attempts to exploit the algebraic structure of the cipher by expressing the encryption transformation as a set of polynomial equations and then attempts to solve the system to recover the encryption key. Algebraic attacks do not need too much data. This paper combines these two methods by using algebraic techniques in linear cryptanalysis, and proposes a new cryptanalysis method called Algebraic Techniques in Linear Cryptanalysis. This new method is used in the existing linear cryptanalysis of PRESENT. To recover 8-bit key information of 21-round PRESENT, the data complexity is2'and the time complexity is 2'.Compared with the result of linear cryptanalysis, the data complexity is obviously decreased.

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for the hot rolling scheduling problem, which is derived from the actual steel production, and some features make the solution methodology more difficult. The hybrid strategy is based on the solution construction mechanism of estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) with path relinking (PR), an evolutionary method, which results in a novel approach that we call EDA_PR. Moreover, a decision support system in which the algorithm has been embedded for the hot rolling scheduling is designed. The computational experiments show that the EDA_PR method has more potential for improvement to solve the hot rolling scheduling problem compared with the manual scheduling method.

Android is one of the most popular smart phone and tablet platforms; Zigbee is the standard for home automation and will play an important role on future WPAN. Enabling the Zigbee communication on Android can exploit the rich network and nice display power of the Android phone in Zigbee applications. In this paper we present our work on integrating CC2530 into an Android smart phone. Based on JNI library, the software is developed to enable Android system can control the CC2530 module insides. The firmware in CC2530 is also discussed. The test is carried on with the configuration that an Android smart phone communicates with a standalone CC2530 node via Zigbee radio. The test verified the design feasibility. Keywords-Android devices, zigbee networks; JNI library; wireless networks

The parameter bw is a distance bandwidth between 0 and 1 in harmony search algorithm, which helps the algorithm in finding globally and locally improved solution. In this paper, a new harmony search algorithm is proposed in order to improve the convergence speed and the global search algorithm of the harmony search algorithm. The parameter bw is adjusted based on cloud theory in this new algorithm. The new algorithm is tested on some benchmark functions and the results are compared with the result of the traditional harmony search. Experimental results indicate that the new harmony search algorithm has a good performance in the global search ability and convergent speed.

This paper proposes Bayesian statistical method to identify the video traffic by the symmetrical features and coding statistical characteristics of video calls. According to the problem of high computational complexity of the non-parametric probability density estimate method in the condition of large samples, we propose grid probability density estimation method of gird division to reduce the computational complexity. We present identification results. The experimental results indicate that that this method can effectively detect video call traffic.

This paper focuses on the airborne SAR double channel data using ATI method into the Moving Target Indication process various factors affecting the discussion. Based on the actual flight appeared in the process of nonideal motion state and the engineering application of the factors such as detailed analysis, only understand the influence factors to determine the effective detection method, simplified data processing process, and improve the data processing efficiency. KeywordsSynthetic Aperture Radar, Ground Moving Target Indication, Along Track Interferometry,Influence

In this paper, we reformulate the system of absolute value equations as afamily of parameterized smooth equations and propose a smoothing Newton method tosolve this class of problems. we prove that the method is globally and locally quadraticallyconvergent under suitable assumptions. The preliminary numerical results demonstratethat the method is effective.

Network externality is a vital characteristic of the products in economics of networks. Network congestion will lead to negative network externality when digital products are communicated in the net. It will effectively decrease the negative network externality via developing a suitable pricing mechanism. This paper begins with the utility of a single user and that of the whole network to build a network congestion utility model to analyze it. As TCP connection has an autonomous congestion-detecting mechanism which can increase the utilization of network resources, we regard the TCP connection pricing as the basis of our research.