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The present paper aims at drawing attention on the implications that chronic kidney disease (CKD) syndrome has on oral health. This extremely complex syndrome, a long-term condition, characterised by the gradual loss of the kidney excretory function and the impaired homeostasis of the internal environment, causes a series of morphological-clinical dental aspects in relation to the stage in the evolution of the underlying disease. In this paper we presented data in the literature relating to the oral manifestations of the CKD as well as some ways to prevent and manage them. Prevention and management are possible only if the stage in the evolution of the disease is precisely known. It is the same with the correct assessment of the risks that can be posed by a dental intervention, even a minimal one, for the health of the patient suffering from CKD. It is necessary that the dental practitioner should know the biological constants of the patient (bleeding time, hematorcrit, hemoglobin, prothrombin time, blood pressure etc.). Moreover, any treatment involves the nephrologist who has the patient under observation and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to highlight the clinical changes (mainly mycoses) in the tongue in patients with general conditions as well as the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms and the correlation between them and local and general risk factors. The method is represented by a rigorous study conducted on 500 patients of both genders between 2010 and 2013. General conditions as well as primary or associated lingual lesions were clinically detected in 221 patients. The results indicated a high rate of primary or associated glossitis as well as a significant number of other types of lingual disorders. The data of the study are presented in graphs and tables. The important conclusion of the paper is the high rate of primary or associated fungal glossitis in patients with a history of chronic disease, as well as the existence of comorbidity-related risk factors and aggravating local-regional factors. The rate of occurrence of other types of glossitis is significantly lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current perioperative management of diabetes taking into account the guidelines recommendations and the findings of the studies published so far. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing among the population in all age groups. Diseases requiring surgery are common in diabetic patients. The paper correlated the informations available to date on the perioperative treatment of diabetes, the postoperative complications and the most frequent errors commited on the management of diabetic patients, aspects with important practical implications. Although hyperglycemia has a significant clinical impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality, glycemic targets and perioperative management have not been well established yet. Further studies are needed to clarify these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) generally rely on large databases that store medical data. Apart from the specific issues related to the design of the data structures, these systems present a challenge to the developer regarding the architecture of the external level of the database, closely related to the building of the user interface. This paper discusses three specific issues related to the user interface of a medical database (The Temporal Property, The Allocation Process and The Open Attribute List Specialization) using a data-oriented approach for the external level. The approach is mostly based on data views, constructed on the server side and on the client application side. A small number of stored procedures however is necessary to implement the full functionality of the system. In our approach, most of the complexity of these processes is embedded in the queries that are run against the database. These queries can often be complex and time consuming. Two major issues arise from here: first, complexity can lead to inconsistent presentation of the same data (we are considering large information systems) and second, large queries can severely affect overall performance. These are the factors which the designers of such a system must control in order to reach an acceptable balance. By using the presented techniques, software developers can easily build user interfaces that present basic or medium-complex functionality, while having the benefits of standardization. For highly complex functionality, more advanced patterns and technologies are needed, which will be presented in a future paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers the professionals of medical and social and human sciences a briefpicture of the phenomenon of interpersonal aggression, its causes and its health and social consequences as reflected by the most cited articles on on-line databases. The documentation is based on on-line exploration of medical periodicals' sites, medical publishers' sites, as well as of larger databases (Lancet, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus SciVere, ScienceDirect, from 2007 to November 2013), official documents, full versions of papers presented at different congresses, conferences and specialized seminars. There have been studied a number of 55 trials, of which 12 have been selected. The selection of studies was made in accordance with the primary variables: aggression, violence, trauma, costs. Meta-analyzes, systematic reviews and articles published in peer reviewed journals were preferred [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microtia is an uncommon pathology that is defined by a hypoplasia of the pinna. Multiple reconstructive surgeries have been developed. Nowadays, autologous rib cartilage reconstruction and Medpor implant reconstruction are the most widely used techniques. Total ear reconstruction for microtia depends on the degree of severity of hypoplasia. The goal is the reconstruction of an auricle with an appearance as close as possible to that of a normal ear. Even though the auricle is only a small part of the body, it is probably one of the most complex structures. That is why ear reconstruction is one of the most difficult tasks for a plastic surgeon. In this paper, we present a four-stage ear reconstruction in a case of a five-year-old girl with microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive factors in breast milk represent a "true immune system ". It compensates for the adaptive immune system immaturity of the newborn, as well as for the insufficient development of many aspects of the innate immune system. The immunological action and the protective benefits of breastfeeding against the infections acquired in the infant and young child made up the subject of numerous recent studies. They come, on the one hand, to bring strong support, with clinical records, to the concept related to the importance of breastfeeding in the normal development of the immune system in infants, and on the other hand, they support the constant concern of the manufacturing companies to include additives in formulas milk, in order to bring them as closer as possible to the breast milk. This paper presents the bioactive factors in breast milk with their functions and mechanisms of action in the adaptive and innate immune response. It also illustrates the aspects related to the natural dynamics of the immune benefits of breast milk. In conclusion, the role of bioactive factors in immunity has emerged along with the evolution of the concept of "immune system in breast milk", being shown clear correlations between this one and the immune status of the breast-fed infant and his subsequent immunological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometry represents an important factual study in the evaluation of living organisms. The object of morphometry is to set precise limits in certain parameters (length, diameter, angles etc.) very useful in describing and comparing the characters of a particular object/organ and the implications of the change in form over function. It is frequently used in determining changes in the form of living organisms, alongside ontogenesis. Morphometry involves determining some well-defined metrics, positioning toward clear landmarks and the removal of items that might influence the correct interpretation of these parameters. For this reason, I aim at performing a morphometric study on one of the most important elements of the vascular anatomy, which is not subject to the general rules of arterial division and morphometry, as it was shown in the first part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: quality of life is a complex concept, which allows a picture of people's lives and of the society in which they live. Quality of life, seen as a result of care refers to survival after the therapeutic intervention, the impact of the disease and treatment on the health status in terms of physical and emotional wellbeing and on the lifestyle of the patient. Purpose: this paper aims at assessing the quality of life of a group of patients admitted to the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic II within the Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Sibiu and the level of satisfaction of the patients who have benefited from the services of this clinic, during 2013 -2014. Material and methods: the study is a descriptive, transversal one, comprising 100 patients interviewed based on an anonymous questionnaire with open and closed questions. Results: 59 of the patients were hospitalized for medical rehabilitation for the existence of neurological distress. The most affected area of activity was housework, the ability to move, sleep and the availability for the social activities. For 80% of patients, there is a degree of disability induced by the disease, and 21 of them have noted a negative influence of the suffering on the quality of life, rated as unsatisfactory. Conclusions: the study demonstrates the need for quality of life assessment so as to highlight the therapeutic needs of medical rehabilitation and the efficacy of these therapeutic measures with a view to improve the patient's condition, respectively the level of satisfaction about his own life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasizes the importance of implementing counseling activities among young people at the age of formulating options for the future profession. We discuss general issues related to the role of interests and skills in the medical profession, also the importance of knowing the market characteristics in the medical field and the risk-assuming level. The paper details the most common models of options in choosing a profession and their degree of success depending on the compatibility or incompatibility of the medical profession's content and candidate's personality structure. At the end of the article we present an excerpt from an information material for adolescents of Sibiu County and neighboring counties within an institutional promotion campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our past -work we have developed a data structuring technique based on trees and multitrees to model clinical research data. In this paper we try to assess the suitability of this model for keeping an electronic laboratory notebook by comparing its strengths and weaknesses with the products of some of the leading software providers on the market. The comparison focuses on five critical aspects: customizability, the use of tree-like structures, the use of patterns or templates, the techniques used to retrieve the data and functions that support collaboration. In the last two sections of the paper we discuss our findings and draw some conclusions that will serve as guidelines for our future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modern surgery includes orbital surgery in the skull base surgery. For the orbital tumours located in the orbital apex, most authors recommend the transcranial approach. This approach is recommended to be performed by a multidisciplinary team consisted of neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist and ENT surgeon. This route is used for tumours located posteriorly in the orbital cavity. Objectives: The aim of our paper is to highlight the role of the transcranial approach in orbital tumours surgical treatment. Methods: This paper presents a case of a male patient, 28 years of age, admitted in the Neurosurgery Department of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Sibiu for an orbital tumour. Upon admission, the clinical examination revealed right hemicrania, right propotosis, decreased visual acuity and modifications of the visual fields. Neuroimagistic examinations consisted in CT and MRI and revealed a right orbital mass, round, well circumscribed, with inhomogeneous contrast enhancement; the tumour filled all the intraconal retroocular space that spares the triangular space in the orbital apex. The treatment consisted in frontal craniotomy with extradural orbital approach with orbital roof removal, gross total tumour removal and cranial base reconstruction with Titanium Dynamic Mesh. Results: The postoperative course was uneventfully and the patient was discharged on the seventh day postoperatively in a very good condition. Histopathological examination revealed cavernous hemangioma. Conclusions: Transcranial route for orbital tumours remains one of the most important approaches especially for tumours situated posteriorly in the orbital cavity. A multidisciplinary team involved in diagnosis and treatment provide superior results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the usual treatment of simple caries, an unpleasant complication occurs quite often, namely postoperative hypersensitivity. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to this complication that is rather frequent yet little known by the dental practitioner. There are a lot of clinical manifestations of this disorder that has different etiological factors and production mechanisms. The method consists of the examination of 104 patients of both sexes in the 23-40 age bracket, who came to "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest to have their simple caries treated, and who were monitored for a period of 3 months after the treatment. We studied only the occlusal carious lesions in the molars that were restored using composite materials. The examination of patients was performed using a questionnaire that included a clinical examination, the patient's subjective account regarding the presence of postoperative pain, the depth and extent of the preparation, the restoration status, the sensitivity to cold stimulus and the tactile one, assessed by the examiner, the duration and intensity of pain, all scored on a scale from 0 to 3. The results of the study are systematised and the discussions on the results consider the data from the literature. The conclusions highlight the variety of postoperative pain clinical manifestations, as well as the pain dependence on a number of individual factors, as well as on the cavity depth and the observance of proper preparation and restoration techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In odontology, cervical carious lesions represent a distinct entity because of the morphological and physiological particularities of the area; their therapy poses problems related to the viability and duration of restorations. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the deficiencies that may occur over time in cervical composite or amalgam restorations. The material is represented by 105 three-year-old cervical restorations, more exactly 59 composite and 46 silver-amalgam restorations. The method is represented by a clinical-statistical analysis of the restorations, considering the patients' gender and age (patients in the 20-60+ age bracket). The clinical status of restorations is assessed comparatively for the 2 restorative materials to meet 8 criteria, 6 common to the 2 types of restorations and 2 specific to each type of restoration. The results of the study show that, in the case of 3-year-old restorations, there are more or less important deficiencies, both common and specific to the restorative materials used, which is also mentioned in the literature. The conclusion of the study is that, over time, there are deficiencies not only in the preparations but also in the restorative material, their probable causes being synthesised in a table. It is clear that the imperfections in the restorative material as well as the defective technique employed during the stages that necessarily precede the use of restorative material, amalgam or composite can contribute to the occurrence of defects in cervical restorations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the performance of health care systems and their impact on the health of the population, several types of measurements were used, of which we quote: assessing the economic efficiency, medical efficiency, social acceptability or organizational structure assessment. Regular assessments are focused mainly on measuring the results of the hospital activities, of the various categories of physicians, especially family physicians, of the health system as a whole, in terms of numbers and types of services provided, and less on health impact assessment. Within this context, the concept of „avoidable deaths‟ has been introduced. This paper aims at highlighting the avoidable deaths tendency in Romania, based on their assessment for two years, 2002 and 2007, and based on the list of diseases used by Leveque, A, Humblet, PC Lagasse, R. in the atlas made for Belgium.(1) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the collective illusion otologists live first and then all who accept without reservation that the origin of the so-called «middle ear air» is from the ambient air and arrives here simply through the Eustachian tube (ET). The instrument used to achieve this goal is to analyze the concept of air and the analysis of experimental measurements published in the literature. The last shows that «air in the middle ear» is not at all similar to, in regard to its composition, atmospheric air, as it was expected to be, according to the current acceptance about the ET function. Instead, the composition of air middle ear is identical to that of mixed venous blood respiratory gases. Therefore, the latter are at the origin of gas in the Middle Ear (ME). In the final analysis, the middle ear gas mixture comes from the internal environment of the body. More precisely, they come from physically dissolved gases in total body water. This endogenous origin was intuited brilliantly and surprisingly by Aristotle of Stagira when he supposed the existence of endogenous air - aerus innatus - which exists per se (by itself) in the ear, isolated from exterior air and from external ear. Eustachian tube is just a valve through which gas masses pass in both directions with the aim of quickly equalising the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. This valve enters in action only when the above mentioned pressures vary in the opposite directions with a speed which overcomes the processes speed which are the real base of ME ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the paper: is to present the major contribution optical coherence tomography has now in the evaluation of patients with diabetic retinopathy and thus, the contribution of this method to establish the optimal therapeutic management in these patients. Methods: We have studied 63 patients with diabetic retinopathy at different stages of development, in whom OCT was performed. The patients who received laser treatment, intravitreal injection were re-examined one month later and depending on the OCT appearance, we decided upon the treatment to follow, which was individualized for each patient. Results and Discussion: Tomography elements encountered in the patients with diabetic retinopathy taken in the study were: macular edema / cystoid macular edema, hard exudates, serous detachment of the neuroephitelium, preretinal membrane, vitreo-macular traction, lamellar hole. In macular edema, we observed increased retinal thickness with or without deletion of foveal depression and hiporeflectivity of the optical signal from the external retinal layers. Clinically, early diagnosis of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography would lead to early laser intervention, resulting in a stagnation of progression and even an improvement in visual acuity in some patients with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: OCT allows diagnosing and identifying the morphological characteristics of macular edema. OCT is useful in monitoring the response after therapy: quantification of retinal thickness, achieving the foveal central volume and retinal maps, helping monitoring the effects of therapy (laser, intravitreal injections with triamcinolone acetonide and / or anti-VEGF factor). OCT is the ideal method for tracking diabetic macular edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of a new national pharmaceutical system during 1948 - 1989 was for the sole party one of the main objectives of the strategy of health care and insurance medicine population. Made in this paper to understand the general environment scanning outside the system to ensure the medicines and other pharmaceutical products became the stages corresponding political systems, economic, social, technological and character printing strengthened law for any step. The research led us to the following conclusions: centralized management of all areas of economic life - decisively influenced social insurance and pharmaceutical activity of the population; pharmaceutical services for the population have been and remain poor in rural areas; the corresponding regulatory domain investigated largely covers activities related to organization and management, pharmacy, pharmacist and medicine in the years 1948 to 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological studies on epilepsy should provide information regarding its frequency, risk factors, etiologies, associated disorders, outcome and costs. One country can or cannot perform such studies, depending on funding, among other factors. The aim of our paper is to review the various epidemiological approaches and to discuss the associated problems: epilepsy diagnosis, data collection in epidemiological studies, term definitions and the results of a mathematical modelling compared to the current reports available for Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities and indications operators stages of cervical cancer by laparoscopic methods. The main conclusion of this paper is those that laparoscopy surgery can and should be integrated into the therapeutic algorithm of cervical cancer, for well selected cases, due to the multiple benefits of the method in the complex algorithm of the radio-chemotherapy and surgerical treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a case of hemorrhagic stoke emphasizing the difficult working conditions: noise and stress. The female patient, aged 63, with elementary school education for unskilled workers in the garment trade, is now retired. She presented hypertension that was not treated properly. The onset was suddenly: in the days preceding the stroke, the patient had several hypertensive episodes. She went into a coma with the installation of a right hemiplegia. She attended medical treatment and physiotherapy, as well as a rehabilitation programme, with beneficial effects. The peculiarity of the case lies in the special working conditions that have negatively influenced hypertension and caused or accentuated asthma. Another feature is the undertaking of the rehabilitation programme tailored to the personal needs of the patient who showed good mental status and good cooperation with the physiotherapist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal supplements consumption experienced high growth in Romania, with the rising awareness and the amounts that people are willing to pay for improving their health. Since this segment is difficult to monitor by market research companies, our paper aims at processing the data available at national level, based on a holistic approach. Following a 10-year survey (period 2001-2010), we analyzed some specific statistical parameters, such as: top and value sales of dietary supplements in Romania; the average consumption of herbal supplements per capita; crop area, production of medicinal and aromatic plants and indigenous industry capability in harnessing the potential of ethnopharmacology; educational attainment by age group; death rates of chronic diseases; life expectancy at age 65. In conclusion, the annual average consumption per capita is lower than in other European countries, but forecasts are optimistic. Education, health and life expectancy have improved over the studied period, and follow a positive forecast. We found significant correlations between herbal supplements consumption, educational attainment and health indicators (r = 0.9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents the third article of his series, in which he explains a new and original method of performing radical mastoidectomy through reaming the external ear canal. The present paper describes this procedure's enunciations and the anatomical and radiological data which this procedure's principle is based on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the conference in Alma-Ata from 1978, it was agreed that primary health care is an essential health care service, based on practical methods and technologies, socially relevant, made to be universally accessible to individuals and families in a community, through their full participation at a cost the community and country may afford and to be maintained at every stage of its development, to support confidence and self-determination. Primary health care is the first level of contact between individuals, families and communities, the country's health system, trying to harmonize, if possible, the activity in the health field to that of people's life environment representing the first element of continuous health care. This paper assesses the family doctors' opinion regarding the place and role of primary care in health care reform in Romania. The results show that there still are difficulties in the primary care, starting from the equipment, excessive bureaucracy, to the doctor-patient relation, but there are efforts in meeting, if possible, the expectations and the needs of the sick people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational noise is directly related to decreased work ability, and non-specific pathology induced by prolonged exposure continues to be a topical issue in the scientific debate. This paper deals with noise from the psycho-physiological hazard perspective, using as assessment tool a symptoms questionnaire with 24 items in a case-control study (N = 100). The results show statistical significance for 10 items (of which 5 items at p<0.01), especially for lower work ability, poor memory, fatigue and depression. Subjects exposed to noise are 1.6 times higher risk to develop nonspecific effects, often neglected in favour of effects on the auditory analyzer. We propose this questionnaire to be applied routinely by occupational health services in order to manage the workers' health, along with other means of workplace health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of death in the world, being responsible for around 30% of the total annual registered deaths (2008) and low and middle-income countries contribute to more than 80% of the global CV deaths. The aim of this paper was to present the magnitude of the cardiovascular diseases burden on health status of the Syrian citizens. Methods: Descriptive study, comparing WHO estimates CVDs deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Syria for the years 2002, 2004 and 2008. Results and discussions: Cardiovascular mortality and its consecutive burden seemed to increase in the last years, even the country reporting system is not very informative. Cardiovascular deaths increased in Syria by 1950 and 7270 deaths in 2004 and 2008, respectively (compared to the reference of 2002), mostly due to ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular. DALYs attributable to CVDs accounted 359,898 years in 2002 (13.5% from all causes DALYs and 21.2 % from non-communicable diseases DALYs) with less than 1% increasing in 2004. Males were significantly more affected than females (57% from deaths and 61.4% from DALYs were registered in males) and in younger age. Conclusion: Our study was based on existing information in Syrian and in international public databases, aimed at describing the magnitude of the CVDs as public health problem. Further research is needed to explore the CVDs risk factors prevalence in the Syrian society and to identify the needs for CVDs mortality and morbidity data to be collected routinely or through surveys. Potential improvements in data collection will provide evidence for a long term strategy for CVDs control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute diarrhea is more frequent in children, but it can affect all ages, aggravating the preexistent pathological modifications of the body, with occurrence in epidemic focuses. The aim of the paper was to analyse the acute diarrhea in children. Material and method: We realized a retrospective analysis of the enteral infection in a study group of 1229 children admitted to Tg-Mures Infectious Disease Clinic I, between 1st January 2008 and 31st December 2009. Results: The most frequent etiology of the acute diarrhea in children was the infection with Rotavirus, followed by E.Coli and Salmonella. Conclusions: Acute enterocolitis in babies and in the young children continues to be a problem for the clinician, both due to the large number of demands for this pathology and to the possible problems of diagnosis and treatment this pathology involves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1999, the Radiation Hygiene network established a methodology to monitor the health status of the population groups living in the vicinity of nuclear facilities. The present report is part of a larger survey on four population groups residing in the neighborhood of important nuclear facilities. The results presented in this paper were drawn for the year 2010, for the Cernavoda area, and from all the data analyzed during the interval 1999-2010. The study population included all the inhabitants residing in the communities within 30 km around the NPP Cernavoda. The total number of persons was 85.867. For the year 2009, we estimated the overall mortality rate, specific mortality rate from solid cancer, specific mortality rate from blood malignancies, the incidence rate of solid cancer, and the incidence rate of blood malignancies. In 2010, the overall mortality rate was of 8.39‰ (for the year 2009, the overall mortality rate for Romania was of 11.98‰). The mortality rate from solid cancer was of 133.7 ‰ (the ratio O/E 49.6). The mortality rate from blood malignancies (leukemia and lymphomas) was of 12.02 ‰. The incidence rate of solid cancer was of 140.58 ‰ (O/E 44.35). The incidence of blood malignancies was of 7.64 ‰. Between 1999 and 2010, among the population living in the Cernavoda area, the overall mortality rates, and the specific mortality rates from solid cancer had values that were constantly lower than the corresponding rates for the entire country. The mortality rates from blood malignancies have increased during the years 2009 and 2010; compared to the corresponding rates for the other population groups included in the survey, the values for the Cernavoda area were the highest. During the entire time interval, the incidence of solid cancer was lower than the incidence for the entire country. The incidence of blood malignancies was the highest in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain pathology due to cerebrovascular disease reflects the concerted effort of anatomists, neurologists and psychiatrists to accurately identify etiology, topography and different clinical forms of its expression in the common goal of ensuring optimal therapeutic management. Anatomic and functional, frontal lobe presents six distinct areas: primary motor area, premotor area, frontal eye field, supplementary motor field, prefrontal area and speech area of Broca. Parietal cortex comprises four functional areas: primary somato-senzory, secondary somato-senzory, gustatory and associative. Temporal lobes contain primary auditory area and areas associated to emotions and superior mental functions. Occipital lobes contain primary visual area and association area. Cerebral lobes lesions causes different neurological and psychopathological manifestations depending on location and affected vascular teritory. In the present paper we tried to group these psychopathological phenomena into psychic life spheres for a complex understanding of manifestations associated to cerebrovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has as objective the study of the frequency of the surgical interventions for the cervical neoplasm from the total number of gynecological interventions, classically or laparoscopically, rapported to the age, parity degree, clinical stadiality and the surgical approac, using a retrospective study on the cases in the Clinic of Obstetrics-Gynecology during 2001-2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ogilvie Syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction) stands for a clinical entity which comprises the radiological and clinical signs of an acute large bowel obstruction, but without the presence of a real obstacle. The usual scenario is that of an acute patient, with marked colonic distension progressing towards a perforation with secondary hyperseptic fecaloid peritonitis, unless urgent treatment is instituted. The surgical management varies upon the stage of colonic involvement at that time of consult, ranging from decompression colonoscopy to total colectomy if the ischemic lesions are irreversible. The purpose of this paper is the attempt to make more known the issue of emergency differentiation of the intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome from the mechanical intestinal obstruction and avoiding the unnecessary laparotomy with significant risks in these patients, however, treated by associated comorbidity. We present 3 case rewies treated in our dept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of dentist - patient (especially pediatric patients) communication, examining issues of linguistic nature that may influence this type of interaction (the means whereby language is determined by membership to a certain social group or by the age and sex of participants in the communication process). Reference will be made to differences in the way of expressing ideas, the frequency of interventions during consultations; it will seek explanations for the fact that doctors and patients often encounter barriers in the communication process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of cervical cancer and its pathogenesis has been a remarkable development. Research carried out by molecular methods for detecting and REVIEW HPV (human papillomavirus) improved understanding of the extent to which new criteria were formulated morphology. Coexistence of cervical lesions, HPV is indisputable. Purpose of this paper is to present the etiologic role of HPV in cervical carcinogenesis and genomic instability in HPV oncoproteinelor role [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents techniques for the detection of brain hematoma segmentation and volume calculation for images obtained from MRI and CT scans. We will survey a few semi-automatic detection techniques and a method for calculating the volume of the hematoma. The methods presented here are: Region Growing, Watershed and GVF Snake. Our purpose is to highlight which one of these methods is the quickest and brings up the most satisfactory results to be implemented and used in medical imaging applications. Also, we will conclude that our method for computing the volume of hematoma region is superior to the current methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking is nowadays one of the most outspread human habits and the toxic effects of the tobacco on the health, although they were suspected, mentioned and sustained with more or less convincing arguments, they were scientifically proven in the late XX century. That is the reason for which we call the period we live now, "the era of diseases and deaths provoked by tobacco products."Adolescence is the age when risky behaviours appear and develop, for example smoking.The purpose of this paper is to indentify the frequency and the evolution of this behaviour, for different groups of teenagers in the county of Botosani and was conducted in 2 study stages; the first stage was performed for 2 classes of students in the 9th grade, at the highschool "Grigore Ghica-Voievod"of the municipality Dorohoi, county of Botosani within the program Global Youth Tabacco Survey (GYTS), with the purpose of signing the Frame Agreement for Tobacco Control (CCCT) by Romania. The second stage of the study was conducted on a group of students from 4 highschools of the municipality of Botosani within an wide action for the identification of the frequency and motivation of these risky behaviours at those ages. The results of these actions were the support of some prophylaxis programs and programs for combating tobacco use by students, which are financed by WHO and EU [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents certain aspects related to health promotion in order to develop strategies towards this direction, underlining that health promotion is a process that takes place within the local community, addressing both to individuals and to the environment, with social benefits: reduced morbidity and mortality rates, increased longevity, healthier people and not least improvement of life quality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title "Violence - beyond the love - hate alternative" represents a metaphor for what we have considered to be the relational quintessence institutionalized teenagers - acting-outs, abuse, suicide attempts, rapes, fast and brutal transitions from idealization to devaluation. The team working with these teenagers is formed by psychologists, social assistants and young referents, occasionally by the psychiatrist physician who has been addressed in the cases of ecompensation, and that's the reason why the paper includes also peculiarities of some psychological counseling or psycho-pedagogical attempts, stressing the difficulties resulted from the disharmonic structuring of personality of the affected teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic heart failure is considered the most costly cardiovascular disease, which is also valid in Romania's case. One of the most frequent aggravation and death causes in the case of CHF is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) rhythm disorders. The aim of the present paper is to assess the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in DCM patients hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Hospital of Cluj-Napoca. Material and method 164 patients diagnosed with DCM based on ESC criteria were included in the study, out of a total of 470 patients suffering from NYHA I-IV CHF functional class, hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Hospital between 2003 and 2004. They were divided into two study groups: group I- including 136 patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and group 1Iincluding 28 patients suffering from DCM, however with no rhythm disorders. CHF was defined based on European Society for Cardiology criteria set in 2008 (3). We analyzed the types of rhythm disorders in group 1, the recommended antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as the comparative characteristics of the two study groups from age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, CHF aetiology, ECG and echocardiography parameters, ECG Holter/24 hours monitoring viewpoints. The statistic analysis was based on t-Student test. Results: The prevalence of rhythm disorders in the 470 CHF patients was 82.9%. The arrhythmia with the highest prevalence in group one was atrial fibrillation, in 45.6% (62 patients). The distribution of arrythmias in patients with sinus rhythm at rest (27.94%-38p) was paroxysmal AF episodes -57.89% (22 p) and different types of extra systolic arrhythmia -41.10% (16p). At the same time, 36 patients (26.4 %) exhibited atrioventricular blocks of various degrees, major LBBB, sinus tachycardia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In conclusion, the arrhythmia with the highest prevalence in DCM patients is represented by ischemic and toxic AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of health determinants has shaped health promotion policies. Terms and concepts in health promotion have evolved from sanitary education to health education and health promotion. The paper presents a review of the literature with the purpose of identifying the historical milestones of health promotion in Romania. First notions about hygiene were brought in the Romanian Provinces together with the medical Enlightenment during the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries. Health education starts during the XIXth Century and was done systematically through the publication of books, journals and brochures or through medical conferences. During the communist period, Romania introduced a centralized health education system (one of the first in Europe). After 1989, our country has assimilated all paradigm shifts in health legislation incorporating prevention measures for health education and health promotion. In conclusion we can say that at conceptual level, Romanian health system has incorporated modern concepts of health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fact that many infectious agents are present in hospitals, patients can become infected when they receive medical care and health workers may become ill during service. These diseases can be transmitted to other people who come into contact with the patients or staff.(1) A good management of nosocomial infections decreases the hospital microbiological load and, as well as the direct and indirect costs involved in a case of hospital infection. (2) This paper aims at investigating the quality of hospital care, high-risk behaviours among the medical personnel regarding the occurrence of nosocomial infections and at identifying those qualitative cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and occupational risk indices that improve the management of nosocomial infections in a medical unit with beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour surgery of the parotid gland is often associated with post-operative palsy of one or more branches of the facial nerve. The paper refers to a clinical case of multiple relapsed parotid pleomorphic adenoma. In this patient, with facial nerve post-surgery paresis, favourable evolution of the facial paresis was encountered with regard to adjuvant treatment consisting in vitamin therapy and acupuncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When dealing with severe bone atrophy, implantologists and oral surgeons have many options to restore the lost bone including: sinus lifting, IAN lateralization, bone splitting, bone condensing and distraction osteogenesis. Case report: The paper presents the case of a 54-year-old male diagnosed 3 years ago with carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. He was subjected to a marginal anterior resection and modified neck dissection. Histological exam for the lymph node proved to be negative. After a non eventful follow-up period, the surgical team placed an internal distraction device, followed by insertion of 4 implants and prosthesis. Results and discussions: distraction osteogenesis represents a viable option in treating bone deficiencies. The good results obtained by us confirm the importance of this surgical technique that has many advantages. One of the many advantages of the technique is that is does not require a donor site for graft, it enhances both hard and soft tissue together and the resorption is kept to minimum due to good blood supply, the transplantation also having periostal vessels and the minimal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) for surgical repair of inguinal hernia (IH) in children tends to be performed routinely, with some advantages over the conventional open surgery. The purpose of this paper is to assess cases of patients that have undergone surgery for HI repair. The medical charts of LS patients were studied retrospectively. Of the 46 patients included in the study, 60.8 % were aged < 7 years old, 41.30 % came from urban areas, 27 patients presented with bilateral IH, 14 had various comorbidities, 8 exhibited different postoperative complications, and the average length of stay was 3.69 days. LS was significantly more common in patients < 7 years of age, coming from urban areas (p 0.001), who exhibited significantly more frequent pre- and postoperative complications (p 0.04 and p 0.03, respectively). Unilateral IH, regardless of patient age, was found to develop fewer complications (p 0.03) and to require fewer days of hospital stay (p 0.008). Therefore, it can be concluded that LS is a safe procedure, with few complications and short length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vesicovaginal fistulas are possible complications of hysterectomy. This paper aims at highlighting the advantages of transvaginal approach in order to solve these fistulas, what are the indications, optimal timing of surgery, surgical technique and causes of failures. We conducted a perspective study on 20 clinical cases of vesicovaginal fistula after hysterectomy via abdominal approach, hospitalized within the Urology Clinic of Sibiu, between 2007 and 2013. Of these, 8 were cases of cervical cancer and 12, cases of uterine fibroids. Diagnosis was based on the local clinical examination, cystoscopy and cystography, which revealed the pathological communication path with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm in the retrotrigonal space (11 patients) and trigonal (9 patients), at a variable distance from the urethral orifices. Fistula was installed shortly after surgery (on average, 5 days), with the total or partial loss of urine vaginally. The results were favourable, one case healed spontaneously after the endoscopic removal of suture synthetic threads and prolonged bladder drainage and per primam healing in 17 patients. The remaining patients were operated vaginally through the technique of clogging the fistulous traject. In 3 cases, it was found the reopening of the fistulous traject, requiring transperitoneal abdominal approach. The following are considered as possible causes of relapse: the large size of vesicovaginal communication orifice, immature fistulous traject with inflammatory reaction maintained by hysterectomy stitches and urinary infection. In conclusion, the high percentage of success rate, of 17/20 patients (85 %), and the simple approach without visceral or bleeding complications, recommend this type of surgery with the observance of the following principles: late intervention at 2-3 months after the installation of fistula, installing urethral probes where the fistulous traject is near the urethral orifice, the separation of the bladder wall from the vaginal one around the fistulous traject, clogging the fistulous treject with purse-string suture, interposition of vascularised tissue flap between the bladder suture line and the vaginal one, where possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of an acute surgical abdomen. In the absence of surgical intervention, it can lead to perforation resulting in peritonitis. In patients with atypical clinical symptoms, further investigations with imaging techniques are needed to avoid delay of surgical procedure. The purpose of this paper is to describe CT aspects in 12 cases of acute appendicitis. We observed parietal thickening, infiltration of adjacent fat, hypodense nodular area with focal hyperdense central area. In all patients we found infiltration of periappendicular fat, a nodular mass with predominantly fatty densities. In 83% of the patients, we identified a punctiform or linear hyperdense central area. Conclusions. CT may be the first imaging means of diagnosing acute appendicitis. Recognizing the CT aspects in acute appendicitis is important for the medical management of the disease, as it can simulate a surgical abdomen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of buccal mucosa as biological material of substitution in urethral plasty through the experience of the Urology Clinic of Sibiu. We conducted a clinical trial on a clinical series of 41 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent urethral strictures in 2009-2013 and operated using buccal mucosa for urethral lumen augmentation. Urethral strictures were evaluated in terms of etiology, topography and length. Harvesting buccal mucosa was performed in 38 patients at the vestibular level and at lingual level in 3 patients. Urethroplasty with dorsal onlay graft was performed in 23 cases, ventral onlay graft in 9 cases, dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty in 6 patients and tubularization in 3 patients (7.32 %). The mean duration of follow-up of patients was 7.2 months. The research has shown that buccal mucosa graft is the golden standard in urethral reconstruction with remarkable biological, histological and mechanical properties. Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty requires a well-trained surgical team with multidisciplinary skills. The accomplishment of urethroplasty with two teams halves the secondary operating time and the complications related to anesthesia. The surgical technique suitable for the type of urethral stricture is an essential requirement in order to achieve a functional and esthetic result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of human development over time outlined several dimensions of health and social learning theory and it is currently the psycho-behavioural model for children and adults. Work capacity is evaluated from the medical, psychological and professional competence point of view and it is influenced by many complex factors which involve multidisciplinary collaboration optimization in an integrated way, to reach the achievement of steady state and harmony. Since this topic is extremely exhaustive in this paper, I have illustrated only two current problems to solve, namely the management of conflict and violent behaviour and professional integration of young people with disabilities. I tried a schematic representation of the dimensions of health (with negative consequences) and of the factors influencing work ability. In conclusion, health promotion by developing health promoting behaviour at all stages of human development is the key to prevent the risks related mainly to the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming that demographic evolutions differ between regions and counties of the country, this study aimed at determining the demographic change in these levels during 1990-2030, using a methodology developed in a European study. The main results show rates of aging and population decrease between counties and between different regions of the country in the past, in the future, as well as between the previous and next period. One of the most affected districts in terms of aging and reducing the number of people has been and will be Tulcea County. The extent and type of demographic changes measured in this paper for each county/region together with analyses of factors that may influence demographic evolutions such as fertility, mortality, migration can form a basis of information for health service planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of esophageal cancer continues growing, being a global health problem. Nonspecific symptoms occurring late in the disease course result in advanced stages of disease diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to present the surgical methods of treatment adapted to a general surgery centre with low volume of surgery of the esophagus and the obtained results. For achieving this aim, we constituted a working group composed of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who have been treated surgically with radical or palliative intent. Survival, mortality and quality of life were followed. Results on mortality are similar to medium-volume esophageal surgery centres explained by adopting an individualized surgical management, the principles of the surgical technique and the use of the same surgical team. Normal diet resume without dysphagia is the most important parameter of quality of life after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of chlorination byproducts and their potential health hazards has created a major issue in balancing chemical toxicity with risks from pathogenic microbes. This paper evaluates rural central systems water supply established in the period 2006-2012 related to disinfection efficiency and the levels of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes), correlated with other chemical/bacteriological parameters of the water. The results of our study emphasis that the quality of treated water has been in accordance to Romanian water law, only some of them having nitrates, ammonia and bacteria levels over CMA's were residual free chlorine level below CMA's. Disinfection by products levels in treated water samples were low, except by chloroform. A significant statistically correlation (p=0.05) was observed between the chloroform and residual chlorine level in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]