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The article offers information on the Combat Paper Project. This project assists veterans in reconciling and sharing their personal experiences through paper making workshops. The papermaking workshops allow the veterans to create cathartic works by using their uniforms worn in combat. Their old uniforms are being cut up and beaten into a pulp and then they will form it into sheets of paper. This project is being conducted in the U.S., Canada and Great Britain.

Objective: Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up is the Professional Pharmaceutical Care Service aimed at detecting Drug-Related Problems for the prevention and resolution of negative medicine outcomes. The Dader Method is considered a clear and simple tool to develop Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up. This research aims to analyze the evolution of the international scientific production related to Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up and the Dader Method to show the current situation of this Professional Pharmacy Assistance Service. In addition, from the data obtained, we give a critical perspective on the implementation of the Dader Method in Community Pharmacy, considering its advantages and disadvantages based on the published scientific literature. Methods: Using bibliometrics tools, indicators were obtained to analyze the international production of scientific articles on Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up and the Dader Method during the period (1999-2022) through the Scopus database. Results: The results showed a growth in the international scientific production of publications on Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up, obtaining 30,287 papers, placing the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Spain as the five most productive countries. The publication of 83 papers on the Dader Method places Spain with the highest number of publications, followed by other Spanish or Portuguese speaking countries, among which Brazil and Colombia have the most prominent number of published papers in Latin America. The most frequent international journal covering the topic of Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up was the American Journal of Health-Pharmacy (12.4%), while on the Dader Method, the journal Pharmaceutical Care Spain (21.7%) is in the first position, followed by Farmacia Hospitalaria (8.4%). Conclusion: The publications on the Dader method highlighs the greater productivity of the University of Granada and the author María José Faus Dáder. The inclusion of patients in the PTF service using the Dader Method, is more frequent in the hospital context, and is based on the presence of defined chronic pathologies (mainly diabetes), polymedication or specialized care follow-up, with elderly population being the most represented in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on the issue of relocation in the Family Law Act in Australia. It also offers a discussion on how and whether relocation should be defined. It also reviews the existing law on relocation and invites proposals for the amendment of the Family Law Act concerning the issue on relocation. It also outlines the proposed reforms to the family law contained in the Family Law Amendment Bill 2005 or the Shared Parental Responsibility bill. It also presents the law in other jurisdictions such as United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, and some states of the United States.

In recent years, senior judges in Britain have signalled a departure from the long-established but for test used for direct discrimination cases. They appear to favour instead that the defendant held a discriminatory motive, or even hostility, for liability. In the United States, courts have settled upon a requirement for discriminatory motive, but afforded it such a broad interpretation that is scarcely distinguish- able from the but for model, and is a convenient, if inaccurate label. This paper aims to demonstrate, using seven kinds of direct discrimination case, that neither a discriminatory motive doctrine, nor the but for test, are suitable models to analyse direct discrimination claims, and that the proper approach is a simple purposive interpretation of the statutory formula provided in both the UK and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent evidence suggests that majority group members in immigration-receiving societies express differential levels of prejudice and stereotyping toward various immigrant origins. However, there is little research on whether this tendency to differentiate between more vs. less liked immigrant groups is informed by essential psychological motivations and systematically related to individual differences. In this paper, I test whether majority group members' propensity to express greater differences in affect toward immigrant origins is associated with social dominance orientation. Using survey studies carried out in the Netherlands, the United States, and Britain, I demonstrate that majority group members' tendency to express differential affect toward immigrant origins holds across national contexts. I also show that individual-level inclination to differentiate between more and less liked immigrant groups is consistently related to social dominance orientation in all three countries. Overall, my findings confirm the group-specific character of anti-immigration attitudes and highlight the role of social-dominance motivations in prejudice toward immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A student's accuracy on drug calculation tests may be influenced by maths anxiety, which can impede one's ability to understand and complete mathematic problems. It is important for healthcare students to overcome this barrier when calculating drug dosages in order to avoid administering the incorrect dose to a patient when in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maths anxiety on healthcare students' ability to accurately calculate drug dosages by performing a scoping review of the existing literature. This review utilised a six-stage methodology using the following databases; CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Trip database ( http://www.tripdatabase.com/ ) and Grey Literature report ( http://www.greylit.org/ ). After an initial title/abstract review of relevant papers, and then full text review of the remaining papers, six articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Of the six articles included, there were three experimental studies, two quantitative studies and one mixed method study. All studies addressed nursing students and the presence of maths anxiety. No relevant studies from other disciplines were identified in the existing literature. Three studies took place in the U.S, the remainder in Canada, Australia and United Kingdom. Upon analysis of these studies, four factors including maths anxiety were identified as having an influence on a student's drug dosage calculation abilities. Ultimately, the results from this review suggest more research is required in nursing and other relevant healthcare disciplines regarding the effects of maths anxiety on drug dosage calculations. This additional knowledge will be important to further inform development of strategies to decrease the potentially serious effects of errors in drug dosage calculation to patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary Background Presentations to emergency departments (EDs) and patient acuity continue to increase. Whilst strategies to deliver safe patient care in the ED are evolving, emergency nurses need to be well educated through specialist qualifications to enable delivery of advanced patient care. This paper presents a comparative analysis of available international practice and competency standards for nurses graduating from emergency nursing courses in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Methods CINAHL, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for papers, published in English, using the terms: ‘emergency’, ‘accident and emergency’, ‘nursing’, ‘competency’, ‘practice standards’, ‘scope of practice’, ‘regulation’, and ‘specialist standards’. Secondary sources from relevant reference lists and professional websites were also searched. Results The standards from the five countries were common across five domains: clinical expertise, communication, teamwork, resources and environment, and legal. None of the standards were specific to the emergency nursing graduate, and there was variability in the level of expertise required for which the standards apply. Conclusions The available practice standards demonstrated some commonality. Consideration of the utility of a universal framework for informing the development of emergency nursing practice standards and emergency nursing curriculum for nurses wishing to specialise is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how underlying law and order conservatism has shaped and defined youth justice policy in England and Wales and Canada. We argue that cultural and political influences affected implementation in ways which were initially unforeseen and therefore unconsidered. Our focus is twofold, on the intentions that drove the policy and practice changes and subsequently, on the negative consequences th a t emerged during implementation. We explore these with regard to the application of discretion and the paper considers the complexity o f discretion and how neither, reducing or increasing it has led to simple or obviously predictable patterns. In addition, we apply Thompson's (2006) model of Anti- Oppressive Practice to consider how policies that were not intended to be oppressive and which were evidence based and informed by research and the policy community moved towards a law and order agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption protects digital information from unauthorized access by making it illegible to anyone without an encryption key. While this ensures the security of digital communications, it also prevents the government from accessing evidence it needs for national security investigations. This creates an apparent conflict between the private sector's desire for strong encryption and the government's interest in "back door" access, thus raising the normative question of whether governments should be able to legally require companies to maintain "back doors" to encrypted information. In view of the significant impact of this debate on economic, privacy, security, and diplomatic interests of states around the world, this Article explores two lines of inquiry: First, what legal frameworks should courts and legislators use to approach encryption? Second, which framework produces the best policy outcomes--in particular, which stakeholders are benefitted or harmed under each approach? To answer these questions, this Article examines legal approaches to encryption in the U.S. and U.K., countries with contrasting policies on the subject. It evaluates the pros and cons of each approach, situating encryption within existing legal frameworks. This includes the First Amendment argument of "code as free speech," government investigatory powers under the Fourth Amendment, and the U.K.'s Investigatory Powers Act permitting government-mandated back doors. This is the first paper clarifying, surveying, and comparing the legal approaches to encryption in the U.S. and U.K. Such a comparative analysis explaining the consequences of each legal approach could help countries choose the most effective approach to encryption. By applying existing laws to the novel problems posed by encryption, this Article generates new evidence against the implementation of encryption back doors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Schools of Nursing have witnessed an increase in the number of nursing students who struggle with learning difficulties. Support and accommodations are available in academic settings. Because nursing is a practice profession students also learn in clinical settings, which may not have similar support and accommodations. The compatibility of the clinical setting for the education of students with learning difficulties has not been studied. Staff nurses responsible for the clinical education of students and new nurses receive little preparation for their role as educator, and may not feel supported to meet the needs of those with learning difficulties. This is part one in a series of articles about the clinical education of nursing students with learning difficulties. This paper provides a framework and literature review for the development of a study (part 2) exploring the issue from the perspective of the nurse preceptors who educate students and new graduates with learning difficulties. Highlights • There is an increase in the number of students in school of nursing with learning difficulties. • The literature on nursing students with learning difficulties can be understood from the perspectives of nursing schools, faculty, and students. • Nurse educators have a role in preparing the learning environments for students with learning difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 1967 the first BBC Local Radio station was launched, following a successful campaign to establish the service by "founding father" Frank Gillard. He had been strongly influenced by what he had seen during a tour of U.S. broadcasters in 1954. Radio historians often cite 1 Pennsylvania station, WVPO, as having particularly impressed him. But little is known about WVPO and less still is known of the other stations, which could share some credit for influencing Gillard. Using local newspaper reports and documents held at the BBC's Written Archive Centre, this paper looks at the American influence on BBC Local Radio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally green infrastructure (GI) planning has developed with alternative conceptual and implementation viewpoints. In the UK and USA this has led to the establishment of a dual narrative; one identifies a set of conceptual principles within the wider global GI debate, whilst the second focusses on localised interpretations of these principles within divergent delivery approaches. Such plurality adds a level of complexity to the development of GI policy and subsequent investments, which can be understood if both narratives are debated simultaneously. A number of factors have influenced this process; the most prominent being the dislocation between GI policies, practice and funding. This paper addresses this fragmentation proposing that a ‘policy-implementation’ gap exists within national and sub-national planning practice which limits the transferability of global principles into delivery. Therefore although the conceptual understanding of GI is grounded in the global literature, greater variability is evident in the application of these principles within localised (i.e. national, regional and sub-regional) planning. The paper extends this debate through a discussion of whether a consensus for the conceptual advancement and implementation of GI is a necessary aim of its development. It concludes that such plurality of understanding is both a positive and negative attributes of GI planning, highlighting the complexity of attempts to align global and local development narratives for GI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of U.S. FDI in the United Kingdom from 1986 through 2010 using stepwise and OLS multiple regression techniques. The paper confirms that Eurozone membership may have significantly influenced U.S. investment decisions on where to enter or expand within the European Union, by testing empirically our model for Belgium and comparing the regression outcomes. The results confirm that U.S. FDI in the United Kingdom has been influenced by market growth, and statutory corporate tax rates, but also that the country's attractiveness to U.S. investors may have been negatively impacted by the creation of the Eurozone. For Belgium, the results suggest that membership in the Eurozone and E U enlargement had a positive impact on U S FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical Race Theory (CRT) has a relatively long history in the United States, from where it originated, dating back to the 1980s. Its presence in UK academic literature, however, is more recent, having surfaced in the first decade of the twenty-first century. I focus in this paper on developments in CRT in the UK from January 2012 to January 2018, as part of an ongoing attempt to evaluate CRT from a (neo-) Marxist perspective. My argument is that while 'BritCrit' analysis employs (a limited number of) CRT concepts, there is a clear tendency for UK-based Critical Race Theorists to deploy a range of other theoretical perspectives, including Marxism. Thus, a distinctively British CRT has failed to take off in the way its founders had hoped. I speculate that this may well be related to CRT's inability to theorise the multifarious nature of racism in the UK, specifically those forms of racism that are either non-colour-coded or hybridist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares and contrasts the process of putting Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) into practice via planning systems in the US and the UK, taking first the baseline established by a similar attempt made by the present authors a decade ago and then looking at changes since then. Developments and trends in the two countries are separately analysed and then compared, and some more general implications for practice and research in the field are debated. A growing number of countries across the world have been attempting to move down this particular road, and this present paper offers the experiences of two of the countries that have been attempting this in their own ways for quite some time not merely because of the academic interest in such a comparison but also because it may offer valuable lessons to other countries wishing to make this journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Urban policy transfer between the US and UK has long been of interest to researchers and practitioners. Given the recent wider context of reduced direct funding and the absence of a coherent regeneration policy, this paper considers the introduction of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) to the UK as a method of stimulating spatially targeted economic development initiatives. The paper explores whether TIF could be considered a form of policy transfer, and in doing so uncovers whether the transfer of TIF could – (a) be successful and unsuccessful under certain circumstances; (b) require the actions of certain stakeholders; and (c) be enabled via prescribed frameworks and negotiation. The results are evidenced using qualitative approaches and find that TIF is more of a modified policy ‘idea’ rather than transfer. Further discussion argues that TIF can be successful, if it considers flexible but local elements and has the capacity to balance stakeholders for development brokerage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper focuses on the movement for Khalistan, a separate Sikh state, in Sikh Diaspora. It will analyze how and why a segment of émigré Sikh community, which had earlier produced valiant Gadharite revolutionaries against the British Raj, turned against the Indian state? The paper has divided this separatist movement in three distinct periods: (I) The politics of 'Sikh Home Rule' movement from 1960's to 1978; (ii) Terrorist Movement for Khallstan from 1978 to 1993, and (iii) the politics of 'grievance', from 1994 to present. The first period witnessed the nse of a small group of Sikh separatists in Britain end the United Sates, as minor pawns of Cold War politics in the South Asian context. The second period witnessed the emergence of a major teironst network of Sikh militants armed, trained and, to certain extent, financed by Pakistan, as battle-lines were drawn between two superpowers in Afghan war theatre. The, third period has witnessed the decline of militancy and violence associated with Sikh secessionist movement, and the adoption of a new strategy cloaked in the language of justice and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In response to the precarious and disadvantaged position of forced migrants in the United States and the UK, marked by unemployment, under employment and loss of career capital, this paper draws upon a relational cultural paradigm and a life design career model in order to understand migrant work life, shape the career intervention process and examine the implications for vocational practice. An innovative career intervention is introduced and discussed, the life CV, which has been used with refugees and asylum seekers in the UK within the context of relational paradigms that reflect the intertwined nature of people''s relational and working lives. The paper argues that by engaging in the activities and meaning making associated with the creation of a life CV, different life perspectives and designs become possible and individuals are enabled to consider new ways of knowing themselves and presenting themselves to potential employers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The financial exclusion of enterprise is a concept that has been largely neglected by economic geographers. This is surprising given the attention dedicated to personal financial exclusion and alternative sources of finance. This paper compares financial inclusion policies in deprived areas of the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) through the example of Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs). CDFIs help overcome financial exclusion by providing local sources of loan finance to micro, small-and-medium-sized enterprises and social enterprises. Drawing upon interviews with key actors within the CDFI sector in the US and UK respectively, the paper aims to compare the CDFI landscape across the US and UK through the provision of finance for enterprise. This is in order to understand the geographies of finance that are being created by such alternative financial institutions thereby contributing to financial inclusion debates. The research concludes that although CDFIs do provide an important source of finance to excluded enterprises, policy initiatives have created uneven geographical coverage and market gaps leaving marked spaces of financial exclusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Familial searching consists of searching for a full profile left at a crime scene in a National DNA Database (NDNAD). In this paper we are interested in the circumstance where no full match is returned, but a partial match is found between a database member''s profile and the crime stain. Because close relatives share more of their DNA than unrelated persons, this partial match may indicate that the crime stain was left by a close relative of the person with whom the partial match was found. This approach has successfully solved important crimes in the UK and the USA. In a previous paper, a model, which takes into account substructure and siblings, was used to simulate a NDNAD . In this paper, we have used this model to test the usefulness of familial searching and offer guidelines for pre-assessment of the cases based on the likelihood ratio. Siblings of “persons” present in the simulated Swiss NDNAD were created. These profiles (N =10,000) were used as traces and were then compared to the whole database (N =100,000). The statistical results obtained show that the technique has great potential confirming the findings of previous studies. However, effectiveness of the technique is only one part of the story. Familial searching has juridical and ethical aspects that should not be ignored. In Switzerland for example, there are no specific guidelines to the legality or otherwise of familial searching. This article both presents statistical results, and addresses criminological and civil liberties aspects to take into account risks and benefits of familial searching. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

English emerged as an International language due to the economic and political power of Britain and the US. Many English words have been absorbed by most of the languages of the world. Meiteiron also contains thousands of such English borrowed words in it. Many of them are firmly rooted in Meiteiron. For this study, a list of English loanwords commonly used in Meiteiron was collected from the written literatures, newspapers, radio, T.V and also from normal day to day conversations. This paper begins with the background introduction of the study of 'Loanword' and the historical context of the language contact of English and Meiteiron. To discuss the nativization process of English loanwords, the phonemic charts of English and Meiteiron are given in the second section. The nativization of unfamiliar sounds of the English loanwords in Meiteiron is the primary focus of this study which is discussed in the third section of this paper. This is followed by a brief discussion of the medium of borrowing in Meiteiron (Eye and Ear borrowing). The impact of English loanwords on Meiteiron is discussed in the fifth section which includes hybridization, obsolescence and phonemic innovation. Finally, the summary of the study concludes this presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reviews the research from 1969 to 2005 describing pre-service candidates' transition from student teacher to professional educator during their socialisation into school culture. Despite the educational reforms in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia over the last three decades, this review argues that new teachers experience many of the same initial concerns that have been documented about beginning teachers for over 35 years. The paper also examines the core themes that emerged in each of the respective periods identified in the review, including: teachers' perceptions of self (1969 to mid 1980s); professional sustainability (mid 1980s to late 1990s); and emerging identity during the process of their socialisation into school culture (2000 to 2005). Based on this examination, the paper suggests that the tension between new teacher identity formation and socialisation into school culture can be reconciled by a post-industrial perspective of how individuals formulate concepts of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles are widely used in the US and the UK as well as in many other countries. This paper focuses on developing simulation models to provide productivity and cost for various pile sizes and depths. Two simulation models were developed. Based on these models, various charts were developed to assess productivity and cost of the CFA process. Results showed that productivity is approximately 14, 24 and 93 piles (holes)/day for 0.36 m diameter piles at 21.34 m, 12.19 m, and 3.05 depths, respectively. In addition, a pile of 0.36 m diameter and 12.19 m depth costs approximately US$790.00; however, it costs approximately US$1200/pile for 21.34 m depth. For the same pile size, the cost per unit volume is approximately US$620.00/m³. The developed tools play an essential role in the CFA decision-making process. The results of simulation models are validated with an average validation factor (VF) of 1.01. This paper provides charts for practitioners' usage to schedule and price CFA pile construction projects. In addition, it provides researchers with a methodology for applying simulation to the CFA pile construction process and its limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]