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Copyright of Revija za Sociologiju is the property of Revija za Sociologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologija/Sociology: Journal of Sociology, Social Psychology & Social Anthropology is the property of MOD International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the so-called "migration crisis" began in 2015, irregular migratory movement toward Central Europe has significantly intensified public attention in the Global North around this issue. This has also contributed to the increased attention of scholars toward the protracted and fragmented journeys of migrants. A mobile perspective that follows migrants along their trajectories offers a fruitful methodological approach for grasping these ongoing long-term and long-distance migratory journeys. With empirical underpinnings, this paper illustrates that this approach is particularly helpful in understanding the multiple interactions between mobility regimes and people on the move. It argues that such a subject-oriented approach has the potential to (i) unbound geographical perspectives on migration by not limiting the analysis to specific regional or national settings, (ii) question the determining power of mobility regimes as institutionalized sets of regulations, and (iii) shed light on migrants' creative spaces of maneuvering that actively (re-)shape legal conditions. As a way of concluding this paper, it is argued that the trajectory is not an either/or approach. That is to say that it does not look at individual scope of action or regimes that structure and differentiate migratory im/mobility. It is actually the intersections between them that create the empirical and conceptual value of this approach. From there, new pathways of this emerging subfield in migration studies are further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses lifestyle migrants' choice of relocation and experiences of growing older in the Azores islands, drawing on Bourdieu's concept of 'distinction'. The paper weaves together two main contributions: it develops empirical research on a 'new frontier' for lifestyle migration in Europe, operationalising the concepts of social and spatial distinction in this rather unique rural insular context; and it unpicks the complex relationship between lifestyle migrants and local Azoreans. The article draws on extensive field research in the Azores archipelago, including 66 life narrative interviews with older foreign lifestyle migrants and local people. A quest for social and spatial distinction is found to be deeply embedded in the migrants' decision to relocate to and grow older in these rural islands, and this distinction is discursively co-produced by both migrants and locals. Lifestyle migrants to the Azores are shown to construct their 'difference' mainly in relation to lifestyle migrants in other, so-called 'mainstream' destinations and to validate this narrative by displaying their pursuit for alternative lifestyles, where rurality, closeness to nature, place attachment, and a 'true' belonging to the islander community feature as centrepieces in their narratives. • Research on an insular rural-space and 'new frontier' for lifestyle migration in Europe. • Desire for social and spatial distinction as part of migrants' decision to relocate. • Distinction discursively co-produced by migrants and local islanders. • Pursuit of alternative lifestyles, rurality, and belonging to an islander community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Within the context of significant migration flows, persisting low fertility settings, and population ageing in more developed areas, increased focus has been placed on the impact of migration on population change in receiving countries. OBJECTIVE This paper examines the contributions of migrants and natives to population change in 31 European countries for the 2014-2019 period. METHODS Based on a standardisation method, we provide evidence derived from births, deaths, and net migration for the size and diversity of the contributions to overall population change of the two population groups. RESULTS The results show that the foreign-born population has been the driving force behind overall population change in Europe, as this population has attenuated overall population decline; turned the expected population decline into population growth; or, less frequently, accelerated population growth. Additionally, the differences between countries in the indirect effect of the foreign-born population on population change have been driven more by the differences in the population age structure of migrants than by the timing and level of fertility or by the level of mortality among migrants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the contribution of the foreign-born population to overall population change in Europe has been pronounced and goes far beyond the contribution of net migration, the commonly used indicator for measuring the effect of the foreign-born population on population change. CONTRIBUTION The study provides empirical evidence as regards the increasing importance of foreign-born population for population change in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE This article provides an introduction to a special collection on childbearing among the descendants of immigrants in Europe. We first review recent life-course research on fertility of immigrants and their descendants followed by a summary of the papers of this special collection. Finally, we discuss their contribution and future research avenues. RESULTS The papers of this special collection report significant heterogeneity in childbearing patterns among descendants of immigrants. Some groups have fertility levels similar to those of natives, some have lower fertility, and some exhibit significantly higher fertility. Further, polarisation characterises many descendant groups; some individuals have small families or even remain childless, whereas others have large families. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that factors related to mainstream society, minority subculture, and minority status all shape fertility behaviour of the descendants of immigrants and that their impact varies across descendant groups. Future research should investigate whether the observed heterogeneity in childbearing patterns is likely to decline over generations or the diversity is here to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, there has been relatively little focus on Eastern European ‘accession’ (EU8) migrants' representations of the rural in Western Europe. Through drawing on research conducted in England, this paper highlights how the materiality of the English countryside strongly shapes EU8 migrants' views of rural space. In turn, their representations of the rural as ‘idyll’, as social and cultural capital and as relational, coupled with their own moral values promoting self-sufficiency serve to perpetuate the rural as being ‘problem free’. Furthermore, the conflation of the rural idyll with ‘Englishness’ and ‘whiteness’ provides EU8 migrants living in the countryside with the opportunity to become involved in various aspects of rural community life. Consequently, the paper argues that their actions, as well as their representations of the rural, further contribute to the cultural ‘screening out’ of rural problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Somali migrants are not necessarily sedentary after migrating to and settling in Europe. • Mobility capital is not a privilege of highly skilled, circulating, elite migrants. • It is constituted of accumulated experiences and the potential to move again. • Migrants may occupy multiple, sometimes contradictory, social positions. • Mobility is a way to benefit from these inconsistent statuses. Based on a case study of Somali migrants who have been living in Europe for at least a decade, this paper challenges the view that post-migration life is sedentary and pleads for a dialogue between mobility studies and migration studies. It explores the various cross-border mobility practices these migrants may undertake from their country of residence and how they can be transformed into social and economic advantages. "Mobility capital" consists of the ability to engage in cross-border mobility practices at particular times but also to remain immobile by choice. Social actors with high levels of mobility capital are in a position to articulate and benefit from local anchorage and mobility practices simultaneously and to control when and how they want to be on the move. There are two facets of mobility capital: the accumulation of past experiences of crossing borders; and the potential for future movements, or the unequally shared ability to be mobile again when it appears worthwhile to be so. The diachronic focus of the study shows that biographies evolve in response to external constraints and opportunities. Furthermore, migrants' control over their (im)mobility is shaped by their transnational social positions in their place of residence, but also in other places, including their place of origin. I argue that mobility capital is a neglected dimension of migrants' strategies to negotiate multiple and contradictory social positions in a transnational social field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The UN Replacement Migration report (2000) had a significant impact in academic and civil society. Its approach consisted of estimating the migration volumes required to mitigate the effects of population decline and ageing. The volume of migrants required to prevent population decline and sustain the working-age population was not particularly high, but the vast number of migrants needed to maintain the potential support ratio was highlighted as an unrealistic goal. OBJECTIVES In this paper the UN exercise is revisited and updated by deploying the concept of prospective age to overcome a strict chronological definition of the working-age population. The replacement migration approach is developed from a new European perspective, the temporal series is extended for an additional decade, and alternative operative age-group definitions are compared by projecting replacement migration estimations according to both classic (conventional) and dynamic (prospective) age limits. CONCLUSIONS The key conclusions of the original UN publication are reasserted. In many countries the replacement migration volumes needed to sustain the decline in total population and working-age population are of an order of magnitude similar to recent observed migration. However, even under the prospective-age approach the halt of the ageing process - expressed as the maintenance of the current potential support ratio - remains an unrealistic target. CONTRIBUTION We propose the deployment of the prospective-age concept to define dynamic age limits in the definition of working-age population. Because the prospective-age concept is flexible it will be possible to explore other dimensions from this perspective in the future, increasing the analytical potential of replacement migration estimations as a valuable contribution to the demographic ageing debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides evidence about the future plans of Bulgarian migrants that use regular bus lines to travel to the European destination countries. The analysis utilizes data from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2018 among 305 migrants interviewed at the major nodes of the international bus transport infrastructure in Bulgaria. The future plans of these migrants are focused mainly on: (i) continuing their life in both home and host countries or (ii) searching for options to stay abroad for a longer period. In the same time, non-negligible shares of respondents (iii) still hesitate about their future plans or (iv) have expressed intentions to stay permanently in Bulgaria. Using multinomial logistic regression model, a set of variables that reflect: (a) socio-demographic status, and (b) the migration experience have been tested for potential significant effects on the choice reflecting the individual future plans of respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances a novel theoretical perspective on the determinants of immigrant occupational attainment in western Europe. Previous research has not accounted for the process of legal status transition or the implications of this for migrants. A new measure of the conditionality attached to legal status transitions is advanced and its hypothesised role in the determination of migrant outcomes in interaction with other features of legal status policy is tested utilising large-scale European microdata for 14 countries in the context of multilevel modelling. Results support the hypothesis and the paper concludes by discussing implications for policymakers and for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of migrants and refugees arriving in Europe places new demands on European education systems. In this context, the role that free digital learning (FDL) could play in fostering inclusion has attracted renewed interest. While the existing literature highlights some general design principles for developing FDL for migrants and refugees, there is little information on the use of FDL at specific education levels, or for specific learning purposes. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study that was carried out as part of the Moocs4Inclusion project of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) between July and December 2016. The study, which has a European focus, disaggregates the analysis of FDL initiatives by what were identified as its three most common purposes: a) language learning, b) civic integration and employment, and c) higher education. For each of these topics, the study sheds light on the approaches used by a wide sample of initiatives, users' levels of awareness of what is available and take up, and migrants' and refugees' perceptions of the current offer. In order to collect the information needed to cover different approaches and perspectives, semistructured interviews with 24 representatives of 10 FDL initiatives and four focus groups with 39 migrants and refugees were carried out. The results show that there are indeed overlaps between the purposes of FDL initiatives and their design principles. Specific recommendations on how to better design FDL initiatives for migrants and refugees, taking into account their specific purposes, have also been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the impact of the crisis on the intensity and demographic profile of internal migration and different forms of international emigration. METHODS Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics for 2006-2013, we estimate the rates of interregional migration and the different forms of international emigration, including return migration and remigration. We used multinomial regressions. RESULTS Return migration and emigration to an unknown destination increased significantly with respect to interregional mobility at early and late stages of the crisis. In contrast, interregional migration was more likely than international emigration before the first stage. Regardless of birthplace, Spanish citizenship is an asset for mobility within Spain and the EU for all foreign-born individuals, and for emigration to non-EU countries for Cubans. Finally, emigration to an unknown destination resembles return migration in its composition by sex, age, and origin. CONTRIBUTION First, we discuss the chronology of migration responses, while showing that the prevalence of each varies according to citizenship status and the stages of the economic downturn. Second, it notes the similarities between emigration to an unknown destination and return migration captured by the Spanish Residential Variation Statistics, supporting the argument that the former is a kind of return adopted by immigrants without Spanish citizenship. Third, although Spain is one of the European countries with a significant share of foreign-born populations and also one of the few countries with statistics to examine both internal migration and international emigration, this paper constitutes the first attempt to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Family reunification of migrants in their destination country is often the result of a process that includes one or more steps and combines family and migration events. However, the lack of relevant data often limits the possibility of studying all these stages. OBJECTIVE The paper aims to identify family migration models by means of the entire family migration trajectory, highlighting the relationship of these models with the migration project and with the family, cultural, and gender norms of the country of origin. METHODS We used sequence analysis on a large sample of resident families with at least one foreign-born member in Italy, using data collected by the Italian Institute of Statistics in 2011-2012. We focused exclusively on migrants from less developed countries and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. RESULTS Our results indicate that family characteristics and stability in the host country are not always relevant for family reunification. Family, cultural, and gender norms of the home country and the nature of the migration project itself determine the family migration model. When the migration project becomes orientated, or converges over time to settlement, family reunification is pursued regardless of the possible difficulties and conditions during emigration. Conversely, during the time that migrants are maintaining a temporary project, family reunification is not even considered. CONTRIBUTION Adopting a longitudinal approach, we generalised and extended previous results, considering migrants from additional countries and studying the reunification of all family members. We compared family migration models and their association with gender, cultural, and family norms of the country of origin and the family migration project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institut za istrazivanje migracija / Institute for Migration Research (IMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO EXPLORE THE EXTRAORDINARY DIVERSITY THAT CHARACTERIZES THE EUROPEAN UNION NOWADAYS AND HOW STATES RESPOND TO THIS CHALLENGE, THROUGH POLICIES DESIGNED TO INTEGRATE MINORITIES EXISTING WITHIN THEIR OWN SOCIETIES. AFTER THE 2ND WOLD WAR, THE EU MEMBER STATES HAVE NOT ONLY ALLOWED BUT ALSO ENCOURAGED IMMIGRATION AND UNTIL TODAY, THIS UNSTOPPABLE PHENOMENON LED TO THE CREATION OF AN IMPRESSIVE MULTICULTURAL LANDSCAPE. EUROPEAN MUSLIMS BECAME PREMANENT RESIDENTS AND WERE SUBJECT TO INTEGRATION POLICIES WITHIN THE HOST COUNTRIES. OF COURSE, NOT ALL OF THE MEMBRES OF THE MUSLIM COMMUNITIES WERE ABLE TO SUCCESFULLY BE INTEGRATED, THEREFORE THE EUROPEAN UNION CONFRONTS ITSELF WITH A PARTICULAR NUMBER OF PROBLEMS. SOME FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES NEED TO BE ADRESSED AND QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED. WHAT DETERMINED THE MASSIVE MUSLIM IMMIGRANTS WAVES? ARE THE EU MEMBER STATES, ESPECIALLY THE WESTERN ONES, ABLE TO INCORPORATE WITHIN THEIR STRONG SECULAR SOCIETIES, A COMMUNITY THAT IS DEFINED MAINLY BY ITS AFFILIATION TO THE ISLAMIC RELIGION? IS THERE A REAL MUSLIM PROBLEM? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basis of the paper is the life story of Henrik (born 1968, basic education) recorded in January 1990. The story of a man, who in the 1980 attempted several times, unsuccessfully to emigrate from communist Czechoslovakia, is analysed here mainly with respect to his efforts to construct and negotiate a worthy social identity. The contradictions in the interpretation of his life story are also the distinct topic of Henrik's narrative. The paper shows how the anticommunist narrative framework, adopted by him from Western broadcasting, helped Henrik to rework his story from succession of failures in his intimate world into a succession of "endemic" failures of the authoritarian regime to deal with human beings. Then the paper compares the ways Henrik was treated by the Czechoslovak police and by foreign institutions for refugees and suggests that they both shared common standard expectations of a plausible emigrants' profile that excluded the possibility of the "lonely rebel career". The common features of sociological and institutional treatment of atypical life stories are also discussed. The author thinks that both approaches are sometimes jointed by underlying commonsensical understanding of social isolation as an indication of "otherness" and insanity". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines post-1965 immigrant communities in the United States and the "ideology of exclusion." This ideology takes many forms, including the English-only movement, negative mass attitudes against immigrants, and bilingual programs in the schools, welfare reform excluding immigrants and most recently Proposition 187 in California. The current ideology of exclusion has a different cast from the earlier version in the 1920s, which was characterized by the "Americanization movement." This stems in part from the change in national origins, with most of the newcomers arriving from Latin America and Asia, and not from Europe. The first part of the paper briefly analyzes the nature of post-1965 immigrant communities and compares it with earlier immigrant settlement patterns in the twentieth century. The second part of the paper traces the various strands of the current and past ideology of exclusion. Finally a cultural and economic framework is presented to explain the rise of the ideology of exclusion against new immigrant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND This article provides an introduction to the special collection of papers on partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in five selected European countries: Sweden, France, the UK, Spain, and Estonia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The analysis shows a significant variation in partnership patterns among immigrants in all five countries. Immigrants from countries with more 'conservative' family patterns (e.g., those from Turkey, South Asia, and the Maghreb region) have high marriage rates, low (premarital) cohabitation levels, and are less likely to separate. By contrast, more 'fluid' family formation patterns dominate among some non-European immigrant groups (e.g., Caribbeans, Sub-Saharan Africans, and Latin Americans). The significant diversity of partnership patterns within countries across immigrant groups supports the idea that socialisation factors play an important role in their partnership behaviour. The partnership patterns of immigrants' descendants are 'in-between'. These findings support the idea that both the minority subculture and the mainstream society have an effect on the behaviour of ethnic groups; however, the role of minority subculture seems to be larger than expected among some groups (e.g., individuals of Turkish, South Asian, Slavic, and Maghrebian origin). CONTRIBUTION All five studies report a significant diversity in partnership patterns across ethnic groups and suggest that the diversity in family forms will persist in the future. We argue that future research should investigate family patterns among the 'third generation', examine the links between economic and cultural integration of ethnic minorities, and exploit various novel techniques to analyse the dynamic nature of individuals' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has a great responsibility in providing the reception and expulsion structures designed for the individuals of the intra- and extra-community countries correlated with its capacity of relevant political actor not only in the continental but also in the international power equation. The process of immigrant's integration has significant effects on the production of "good" and "bad" international migration models. The successful integration is essential for humanitarian and cultural reasons and this is also necessary for maximizing the economic and social benefits of immigration, both for individuals and for society. The aim of this paper is to analyze the theoretical and practical approaches of the European Union regarding integration of immigrants, considering that at European level, there is a discursive context in which the ideas related to insertion, democratization and protection of rights of immigrants are taking a meaning, but they are not unanimously supported by policies adopted by the member states. Two main objectives will be presented in a theoretical approach: an overview of the "limits" of integration of the immigrants and the role of European Union in developing a framework for the integration by implicating the pro-immigrants organizations. The integration of immigrants implies a balance between the rights they have and the respect for the laws and culture of the host country. However, we should not disregard the fact that institutions, such as the European Commission, finances the pro-immigration organizations and they propose collaborations where possible, in order to create mutually reinforcing relationships, by institutionalizing the skills of different social actors, which can generate a pro-immigration emulation in the national states. Pro-immigration lobby provides examples on indirect representation and on how to capture interest through technocratic and legal pathways of influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the behaviour of Central and Eastern European migrants regarding money remitting to their country of origin and is based on data provided by the National Immigrant Survey of Spain. In order to analyze the impacts of migrants' demographic and economic characteristics on remitting behaviour, the variables employed in the econometric model referred to individual factors, factors that evaluate the migrant's links with the native country and those that account for the degree of migrant's integration in Spain. The factors showing a stronger attachment to relatives and the country of origin have a positive impact on the decision to remit and on the remitted amounts, while the factors that point to the integration of the migrant into Spanish society have a negative and smaller impact on the remitting decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hellenic Studies / Etudes Helleniques is the property of Centre for Hellenic Studies & Research Canada-KEEK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND Immigration from Africa to Europe has increased substantially in recent decades. The main goal of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of contemporary international migration processes by analyzing the occupational trajectories and occupational costs of Senegalese immigrants in three major European destination countries (France, Italy, and Spain). OBJECTIVE The first objective is to compare the occupational attainment of the Senegalese immigrants before and after migration to Europe, as well as to establish the determinants of the immigrants' occupational attainment and occupational mobility levels after migration. Another major goal is to estimate the occupational cost of migration from Senegal to Europe. The central question this study intends to answer is how much, in terms of occupational status, Senegalese immigrants renounce by migrating to Europe, in both the short and the long term. METHODOLOGY The data stem from the Senegalese sample of the MAFE dataset. The standard OLS techniques are used in the analysis of occupational attainment, while discrete-time multinomial logit is used in the section on occupational mobility. The principal techniques for the estimation of occupational cost of migration are random effects with Mundlak correction and nearest-neighbor matching. RESULTS There is a U-shaped pattern of occupational mobility among Senegalese immigrants in Europe: the average occupational status of this group drops just after arrival in Europe, and then slowly improves with the duration of stay. The multivariate analysis reveals that education acquired in Europe plays an especially important role in the successful participation of this immigrant group in the labor market. The results show that there is a statistically significant occupational cost of migration from Senegal to Europe, but that the cost decreases with the duration of stay in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses neighbourhood embeddedness of immigrant and non-immigrant populations in six European cities. We define neighbourhood embeddedness as an individual level concept and distinguish two main dimensions: place and network embeddedness. The neighbourhood embeddedness concept provides us with the possibility to study attitudinal and behavioural aspects of individuals related to the place of living. Using data from the 'Generating Interethnic Tolerance and Neighbourhood Integration in European Urban Spaces' (GEITONIES) project, we explore communalities and differences in the degree of embeddedness and its underlyingmechanisms for immigrant and non-immigrant residents across a set of different neighbourhood types. Our findings suggest that neighbourhoods are still important focal points of social life. But immigrants are characterized by higher levels of neighbourhood embeddedness than native residents which are mostly related to the strong link between perceived feelings of attachment to the people in the neighbourhood and the place as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European countries are experiencing population decline, and the tacit assumption in most analyses is that this decline may have detrimental effects on welfare. In this paper, we use a survey conducted in the Netherlands to find out whether population decline is always met with fear. A number of results stand out. Population size preferences differ by geographic proximity, as the majority of respondents favor a decline in the global population, but support a stationary population closer to home. Population decline is clearly not always met with fear: 31% of respondents would like the population to decline at the national level, and they generally perceive decline to be accompanied by non-material welfare gains (improved environment), as well as material welfare losses (tax increases, economic stagnation). In addition to these driving forces, it appears that attitudes toward immigrants are very strong determinants of views regarding population growth at the local and the national levels. Immigrants seem to inspire greater fear than the prospect of population decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration and memory are both topics that attract a great deal of scientifi c interest. However, bringing the two aspects together in one research approach is still very much a minority concern. Questions such as 'Is migration history part of the post World War II narratives in Europe?' or 'How is the rich migration history of Europe remembered in the national histories of different European countries?' are rarely raised by the scientifi c community and do not play any role in public and political debates on migration and integration issues. A central question in this article is how immigration societies narrate their (im)migration history, how they (re)construct and negotiate their (im)migration past. In the fi rst part of the paper I give a more theoretical introduction to the interrelations of migration, memory and history. In the second part the approach will be exemplifi ed by presenting results from a study on the representations of (im)migration history and immigrants in Austrian textbooks since the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain has recently become the destination for large numbers of international migrants and now ranks as a key focal point for international migration in Europe. Currently, approximately one in ten residents in Spain are foreigners, up more than tenfold from figures existing at the outset of this century. Migration has now become a major social and political issue in the country. In order to provide reliable data about migrants in Spain for researchers and policy makers, acting on a proposal of a research team working within the context of the Population and Society Research Network (GEPS), the Spanish Statistical Office has recently carried out an extremely ambitious survey of foreign-born persons currently living in Spain. In the course of the survey, nearly 15,500 persons were interviewed regarding a large array of issues pertaining to their migration experience. Important documentation, including the project report, the methodological specifications of the survey, and the anonymized micro data have recently been made available to the scientific community and to policy makers at the website of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística. The purpose of this paper is to describe this data source, its content, its methodological underpinnings, and the way the fieldwork and data cleaning were carried out. Examples of preliminary results will be presented so as to underscore the potential this survey affords for researchers everywhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper acknowledges the need for greater convergence of immigrant and ethnic minorities integration policies in Europe and critically examines the general conviction that Great Britain is the source of best practice in this policy area. The articles' main thesis is that contrary to the commonly held view, Multiculturalism as an integration policy is not effective and adequate. This claim is supported by the three groups of arguments. First of all, Multiculturalist policies have led to ghettoisation of the society and ethnically-driven conflicts instead of integration. Moreover, such policies often violate basic principles of democracy and equality as well as abuse individual human rights in the name of the rights of cultural groups. Finally, multiculturalist approach is inadequate especially at the times of "super-diversity," in other words, unprecedented inter- and intra-group diversification. In conclusion principles for the future common EU integration policy that can be derived from the British experience are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trade aim of the paper is to present the size and dynamics of changes in the inflow from the Central and Eastern Europe to the selected countries of continental and overseas immigration starting from the fifties till the late eighties. In the analysis there are particularly stressed international movements which took place in the late eighties. The analysis covered such countries of continental immigration as West Germany, Austria and Sweden and such countries of overseas immigration as the United States, Canada and Australia. The data showing the inflow of immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe came from the analyzed countries of immigration. The results of the analysis show that in the particular decades immigration was differentiated for the analyzed countries of emigration and was connected mainly with the political events in some countries (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland). The main flow of migrations from Central and Eastern Europe goes to West Germany. In the analyzed years this country admitted about 76% people leaving this European regions The size of inflow to all analyzed countries is particularly high in the case of immigrants from Poland and Yugoslavia (except years 1981 -89). In the last analyzed years it can be noted a clear increase in international migrations in such countries of Central and Eastern Europe such as Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union and Bulgaria. In the period under consideration a particular role in migratory movements from Central and Eastern Europe was played by refugee migrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the recent trends of immigration in Europe, including the rise of asylum-seekers and illegal migrants. The rights of established immigrants in twelve EEC countries are examined, and the concept of four types of immigration 'policy regime' advanced — semi-peripheral or Mediterranean, 'Schengen' or Continental, Scandinavian and UK. Transnational arrangements aiming at common border policies for 1992 are elaborated at both the EC and Schengen (6) levels, It is concluded that, so far, the only common policies derive from a European consensus on the need to limit external immigration : the major policy decisions have yet to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since World War II, and particularly since the 1960s, there has been considerable migration from southern to northern Europe. As a result, a substantial second generation of young immigrants has emerged that has received considerable attention from criminologists in many countries over the last ten years. In this paper, the available literature is reviewed under three aspects: I) Are immigrant youths subject to differential treatment by the police, prosecutors, or courts? 2) Arc they disproportionately involved in crime and delinquency, compared to the native-born youths? 3) What are the factors that favor delinquent involvement among young immigrants? The evidence reviewed does not allow a satisfactory answer to these questions in light of existing methodological problems and inadequacy of data. It does suggest two things, however. The overrepresentation of young immigrants in the police statistics of many countries is not the result of discrimination against them; rather, some segments among the immigrant youths may be disproportionately involved in delinquent activities. The school system's ability to provide young Immigrants with adequate educational opportunities and, concomitantly, success in the labor market seems to be most crucial in preventing delinquency among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on causes of crime of native born individuals of European immigrants. This higher crime rate of the native born of foreign stock has been generally attributed to the fact that the cultural guides of their parents' social heritage have been swept from them in their strange new turbulent environment and those of the new cultural milieu have not yet been instilled in them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze somewhat critically this general thesis. To do so, certain widely accepted remarks concerning urban and rural crime rates are presented as a basis for discussion. Many criminologists have observed the marked disparity in crime rates between urban and rural districts. The European immigrant, landing on American shores, was forced to find cheap lodgings as he was usually penniless. Anti-social behavior first becomes evident in the delinquencies of predatory boy gangs. Boys naturally tend to play with other boys. Behavior patterns organized in the former were carried over into and accentuated by the latter. Sons, both of native and foreign born stocks, made this promotion from juvenile delinquent to adult offender with equal facility.