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The NBER working paper series reached a milestone in May with the distribution of the 30,000th paper. The series was launched in 1973 by labor economist Robert Michael to disseminate [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.10.019 Byline: Kazuki Matsumoto (a), Hiroyoshi Miwa (b), Toshihide Ibaraki (b) Keywords: Scheduling; Corrugated paper; Complexity; Contiguous set; Integer programming Abstract: Corrugated paper is produced by gluing three types of papers of the same breadth. Given a set of orders, we first assign each order to one of the standard breadths, and then sequence those assigned to each standard breadth so that they are continuously manufactured from the three rolls of the specified standard breadth equipped in the machine called corrugator. Here we are asked to achieve multi-goals of minimizing total length of roll papers, total loss of papers caused by the differences between standard breadths and real breadths of the orders, and the number of machine stops needed during production. We use integer programming to assign orders to standard breadths, and then develop a special purpose algorithm to sequence the orders assigned to each standard breadth. This is a first attempt to handle scheduling problems of the corrugator machine. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (b) Department of Informatics, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan Article History: Received 24 March 2007; Accepted 5 October 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.033 Byline: Philip C. Jones, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann Keywords: OR in agriculture; Forest economics; Normal forest; Regulated forest; Newsvendor model; Forestry supply chain management Abstract: We consider a vertically integrated papermaking operation composed of an integrated pulp and paper mill with its regional supply network. Considering land procurement and harvest rotation as strategic decision variables, we construct a model to establish a long-range timber supply plan that minimizes the total discounted cost of meeting annual virgin wood fiber demand over an infinite horizon. Under appropriate assumptions on costs and storage, the land procurement and harvest rotation decisions are separable with harvest rotation being determined via a forest economics-type equation and land procurement being determined by a newsvendor-type equation. Author Affiliation: Department of Management Sciences, 108 John Pappajohn Business Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1994, United States Article History: Received 18 January 2006; Accepted 24 August 2007

The process of reorganization and restructuring in industrial organizations and their legalization is examined by focusing pulp and paper industry.

Abstract The conflict between economic optimization and environmental protection has received wide attention in recent research programs for waste management system planning. This has also resulted in a set of [...]

This paper provides a view on the cyclicality of capital-intensive industries that could add considerably to our understanding of how cycles in prices, profits and capacity come about. Previous studies of business cycles focus on macro-economic systems or on the agricultural sector. Causes for fluctuations are typically believed to be mainly exogenous in nature. We seek to extend the existing literature on industrial cycles by developing a model that incorporates endogenously generated cyclicality. A simulation model of the paper industry is developed, and validated on the basis of data for the US paper industry. Keywords: Industry; Capital investment; Simulation; System dynamics; Inventory control; Just-in-time, 1. Introduction Cyclical behavior of economies and industries has attracted attention from scholars ever since the early 1930s when a large part of the Western world was hit by a [...]

This paper explains recent findings that the paper-bill spread helps forecast consumption spending using an intertemporal optimizing model of consumption and portfolio allocation. The spread is simply the opportunity cost in terms of foregone future consumption of homing government debt rather than higher yielding private debt. Thus, if government debt appears along with consumption in the single period utility function, the spread appears in one of the Euler equations for consumption and asset accumulation. Empirical tests strongly support the model. Finally, including the spread in a rule of thumb model of consumption reduces the importance of non-optimizing behavior. (JEL E21, E43, C22, C32), I. INTRODUCTION One of the more interesting recent findings in empirical macroeconomics is that the paper-bill spread, the difference between the yields on six month prime commercial paper and six [...]

Issues concerning the importance of the pulp and paper industry to the Canadian economy from 1919 until 1932 are discussed.

Will paper recycling reduce the environmental impact of the European pulp and paper sector? If so, is maximal paper recycling the best policy to optimize the life cycle of the pulp and paper sector? We explore these questions using an approach that combines materials accounting methods and optimization techniques. Environmental impact data are inputs for a linear programming network flow model to find optimal configurations for the sector. These configurations consist of a mix of different pulping technologies, a geographical distribution of pulp and paper production, and a level of recycling consistent with the lowest environmental impacts. We use the model to analyse scenarios with different recycling strategies. Recycling offers a reduction in environmental impact in regions with a high population and a large production of paper and board products. Regions with a large production of graphic products should focus on cleaner virgin pulp production with energy recovery. We conclude that relocation of paper production also offers a reduction in environmental impact. However, the severe effects on the economy make this policy less attractive than a combination of recycling, cleaner pulp production and energy recovery. Key words - environmental policy, pulp and paper, life cycle, optimization, recycling.

For most of the nineteenth century Britain held an undisputed lead in the field of paper-machine technology. By the 1890s this lead had been lost to America. This article argues that Britain's loss of technological pre-eminence at this time had much more to do with the greater scale of the American market and the willingness of American manufacturers to embrace schemes that enhanced technological accumulation than it did to any protracted adherence to outdated and traditional practices that some British workers might have had. The article also outlines a general framework for the analysis of the rate of innovation achieved through learning., The relative economic decline of Britain since the last quarter of the nineteenth century has often been attributed to its firms' continued predilection for small-scale batch production and highly skilled [...]

One of the most important debates in modern British economic history has revolved around the degree of responsibility the nation's entrepreneurs must take for their country's relative economic decline since [...]

A container loading software package for solving the different problems involved in the containerization of pulp and paper products is presented. The software boasts of a packing algorithm for creating a two-dimensional pattern for placing reels on the floor of container, a heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional stowing of reels of a common diameter and a second packing algorithm for stowing pallets of various sizes. Its applicability has been validated in several decision situations which include the determination of feasible reel diameters and efficient stowage patterns.

An optimal formulation of silica defoamers used to control foaming in the Kraft process of papermaking was developed using a nonlinear programming model for optimal performance. The model was developed based on empirical equations of defoamer performance and on a deterministic equation of ingredient cost. The effectiveness of the defoamer produced using the computer-generated formulation was proven in tests conducted in five paper plants.

This paper investigates Samuelson's [Samuelson, P. A. 'Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and Confirm Arguments of Mainstream Economists Supporting Globalization.' Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 2004, 135-46] argument that technical progress of the trade partner may hurt the home country. We illustrate this prospect in a simple Ricardian model for situations with outward knowledge spillovers. Within this framework Samuelson's Act H effects may occur. Based on industry level panel data for 17 OECD countries for the period 1973-2000 we show econometrically that the outflow of domestic knowledge via exports or foreign direct investment (FDI) to the rest of the worm may have a negative impact on industry output in the home country. This is particularly so when exporting to technologically less advanced countries and, more specifically, China. (JEL F10, F11, F14, O30), I. INTRODUCTION In what has become quite a controversial paper, Samuelson (2004) has renewed the discussion that trade does not always and automatically bestow overall gains on each trade partner. [...]

Historical research is presented describing the diversification policy of American paper industry firm International Paper during the early 1900s and the failure of the firm, and firms like it, to adopt new manufacturing methods and products which resulted in economic instability during the Great Depression.

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since. November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

MICCHELLI, CHARLES A., ed. 2003. Selected Papers of Alan J. Hoffman with Commentary. World Scientific Publishing Company, River Edge, New Jersey. 492 pp. $88.00. This book is a capstone to [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00903.x Byline: William H. Starbuck (1) Abstract: abstract Social trends that raised the value of esoteric expertise, stimulated the creation of knowledge-intensive firms and so created an opportunity to study some organizations that academics had overlooked. A lack of presuppositions, a useful research method, and thoughtful experts in these firms helped to uncover some surprising behaviours. The resulting paper attracted citations and may have stimulated research about knowledge as a business resource and a managerial challenge. However, the topic continues to pose questions for further research. Author Affiliation: (1)University of Oregon Article note: William H. Starbuck, 1234 E. 21st Avenue, Eugene, OR97403, USA (starbuck@uoregon.edu)

Thomas A. Hamrick, Ronald D. Fricker Jr., Gerald G. Brown Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943 {tahamric@nps.edu, rdfricker@nps.edu, gbrown@nps.edu} We evaluate what distinguishes a highly cited Interfaces paper from other [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November l994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

This paper honors E. Scott Maynes, who died on June 24, 2007 and had been a professor emeritus in the Department of Policy Analysis and Management at Cornell University. The [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

The objective of this paper is to estimate the ecological efficiency of paper mills along the Huai River in China. The main characteristic of the ecological efficiency evaluation problem is that an undesirable output of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and a non-discretionary input (BOD emission quota) should be considered simultaneously. By analyzing the impacts of the non-discretionary input on decision-making units' (DMUs) desirable and undesirable outputs, a non-radial output-oriented DEA model is proposed. In the proposed model, we describe a new approach of defining reference set that requires reference units operate in a similar environment on average. We employ the model to provide efficient inputs/outputs targets for DMU managers to improve DMUs' efficiencies. Based on the developed model, impacts of the non-discretionary input on DMUs' returns are also analyzed. We illustrate the proposed model, using real data, for 32 paper mills along the Huai River in China. Keywords: Data envelopment analysis; Non-radial model; Undesirable output; Non-discretionary input, 1. Introduction The Huai River is one of the seven largest rivers in China, which is about mid-way between the Yellow River and the Yangzi River. Like them it runs [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00227.x Byline: Virginia Ilie (1[dagger]), Craig Van Slyke (2), Mihir A. Parikh (3), James F. Courtney (4) Keywords: Electronic Medical Records; Health Care IT Adoption; IT Accessibility; Survey; and TAM Abstract: ABSTRACT This study examines physicians' responses to complex information technologies (IT) in the health care supply chain. We extend individual-level IT adoption models by incorporating a new construct: system accessibility. The main premise of the study is, when faced with a decision between alternate IT systems, individual users tend to select and make use of the technology or system that is most readily accessible. We discuss both physical and logical dimensions of accessibility as they relate to adoption of electronic medical records (EMR). Physical accessibility refers to the availability of computers that can be used to access EMR, while logical accessibility refers to the ease or difficulty of logging into the system. Using data from a survey of 199 physicians practicing in a large U.S. hospital, we show that, when deciding between the paper chart and EMR, accessibility is an important consideration in a physician's decision to use the system. Both dimensions of accessibility act as barriers to EMR use intentions through their indirect effect on physicians' perceptions of EMR usefulness and ease of use. Logical access also has a direct effect on EMR use intentions. We conclude that accessibility is an important factor that limits acceptance of complex IT such as EMR. Author Affiliation: (1)Accounting and Information Systems, School of Business, University of Kansas, 1300 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7585, e-mail:vilie@ku.edu (2)Decision Sciences and Information Technology Management, John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, 3674 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63108, e-mail:cvanslyk@slu.edu (3)Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 161400, Orlando, FL 32816-1400, e-mail:mparikh@bus.ucf.edu,icourtnev@bus.ucf.edu (4)Management & Information Systems, College of Business, Louisiana Tech University, P.O. Box 10318, Ruston, LA 71272, e-mail:courtney@latech.edu Article History: [Received: February 2007. Accepted: July 2008.] Article note: ([dagger]) Corresponding author.

This paper presents an overview of the results of a longitudinal analysis of the coverage of sustainability-related concepts in 115 leading national newspapers worldwide between January 1990 and July 2008--covering [...]

We evaluate the contributions to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in three articles: Wales, Monsen, and McKelvie; Wiklund and Shepherd; and Morris, Webb, and Franklin, commenting on key findings and their implications [...]

Is 'the field of management's devotion to theory too much of a good thing?' [Hambrick, D. C. 2007. The field of management's devotion to theory: Too much of a good [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00542.x Byline: Yochanan Altman ([dagger]), Yehuda Baruch ([double dagger]) Abstract: We explored what authors allegedly do and why, when invited to revise and resubmit manuscripts to refereed journals. Based on responses from 249 business and management scholars from the UK and USA, we found that authors preferred to resubmit to the original journal, whether the required revision was minor or major, and that under certain circumstances other options would be considered: submitting to alternative journals, sometimes without revising at all; discarding the paper; or challenging the editor. Experience in publishing was found to be an important moderator. As to 'why' they purport to do so, a classification of qualitative responses yielded a matrix of four optional strategies, grouped along two axes: rationale (instrumental reasoning versus ethical reasoning) and agency (individually centred reasoning versus community-centred reasoning). Most responses were located in the instrumental/self-centred quadrant. Author Affiliation: ([dagger])London Metropolitan University, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK ([double dagger])University of East Anglia, School of Management, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK Article note: Corresponding author email: y.baruch@uea.ac.uk

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

NBER Working Papers On-Line A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00917.x

The Norwegian company Omya Hustadmarmor supplies calcium carbonate slurry to European paper manufacturers from a single processing plant, using chemical tank ships of various sizes to transport its products. Transportation [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

Professor Kindt's paper has been criticized for its lack of a sound base in authentic research, being biased, and methodological flaws. Based on the flaws, the paper ought not to be considered as a serious academic research.

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00847.x

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

A complete list of all NBER Working Papers with searchable abstracts, and the full texts of Working Papers (issued since November 1994) are available at http://www.nber.org/wwp.html to anyone located at [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00780.x

The impact of variations in regional economic development policies, on the growth of paper manufacturing companies in Finland, is examined.

Comparative Economic Studies (2005) 47, 224-228. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100084 How far do the Golitsino Papers permit us to go in drawing conclusions about the state of Russian agriculture in the early 21st [...]

Drawing on Professor Kindt' s paper, it is argued that gambling industry has serious damage on states' economy and diverted huge profits to private parties. In view of its harmful effects on society, gambling industry must pay for the social costs incurred.

Professor Kindt's paper is seriously flawed as it fails to take into consideration the realities that have been previously displayed in earlier studies. The proposal to force the government to make gambling industries to pay for gambling's social costs is pointless as the government is one of the biggest beneficiaries of legal gambling.

This article reviews a set of key issues arising in the context of the prospective monetary integration of Central and Eastern European countries into the euro area. It explores economic arguments that relate to the timing of a future euro adoption by new EU Member States. In doing so, the analysis pertains to the prospects for meeting the Maastricht criteria in a sustainable manner, focusing mainly on the fiscal realm. The article also discusses the pros and cons of renouncing monetary independence irrevocably and how the costs and benefits of such a step may change over time and differ across countries. Furthermore, the Austrian experience with monetary integration is analysed, also with a view to asking what can possibly be learnt from the course of history in this particular country case. Comparative Economic Studies (2004) 46, 177-190. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100045 Keywords: monetary policy, monetary union, EU enlargement JEL Classifications: E52, F33, F42, INTRODUCTION Monetary policy and monetary integration issues are currently debated intensely in most current and prospective EU accession countries. The four papers included in this section provide a very good [...]

ABSTRACT Positioning has undergone lot of transformation with the passage of the time. Positioning has to be more precise so that time to build brand can be shortens and thus [...]

Methods of game theory, which are used to examine the significance of non-binding contracts, are presented.

Byline: Ron Johnston (1), Les Hepple (1), Tony Hoare (1), Kelvyn Jones (1), Paul Plummer (1) Keywords: trade; gravity model; mis-specification Abstract: The paper by Porojan on 'Trade flows and spatial effects' in a recent issue of this journal is criticized on three methodological grounds: it includes two of the gravity model independent variables as relative rather than absolute numbers the dummy variables included are not binary but interval and the 'sample' of countries creates a non-normal distribution of inter-country distances, undoubtedly creating heteroscedasticity problems. Because of these three problems, the model is mis-specified, and the results thereby obtained are unreliable. Author Affiliation: (1) School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS Article History: Registration Date: 07/10/2004