Search

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)are deeply contested with respect to their implications for food security and environmental sustainability. The three papers in this section effectively capture the present-day focal points of the debates over the undeniably vast topic area of genetic resources and agricultural biotechnology and their implications for food security and the environment. Noah Zerbe outlines the value of (and contestation over) plant genetic materials and rights to their use. Matthew Schnurr explores the current push into a second wave of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly focused on developing countries. And Taarini Chopra looks back at 20 years of experience with commercialized GM crops, focusing on GM technology’s consistent failure to address issues of food security.

Caminos hacia la educación superior é uma coletânea que resulta dos esforços do Laboratório de Investigações em Etnicidade, Cultura e Desenvolvimento (Laced) do Departamento de Antropologia do Museu Nacional, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), para o monitoramento e a análise do processo de escolarização de indígenas no Brasil, por meio do projeto “Trilhas de conhecimentos: o ensino superior de indígenas no Brasil”. Sem dúvida, o Laced é o coletivo mais produtivo no país sobre o tema, tendo organizado e colocado à disposição do público interessado um bom conjunto de livros nos últimos dez anos ”” muitos dos quais para download gratuito, como é o caso da obra referida, acessível em: http://laced.etc.br/site/.

O livro de Roberto Salviani é uma versão modificada de sua tese de doutorado, defendida no Programa de Pós Graduação em Antropologia Social do Museu Nacional (SALVIANI, 2008). Inserindo-se nas discussões relativas à antropologia do desenvolvimento, Salviani problematiza o “mega projeto de desenvolvimento” Itaipu Binacional (doravante, IB). Para a finalização da pesquisa e publicação do livro, o autor contou com recursos do projeto “DIVERSO ”“ Políticas para a Diversidade e os Novos Sujeitos de Direitos: estudos antropológicos das práticas, gêneros textuais e organizações de governo”.

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a través del uso de herramientas informáticas (Provalis Research), también conocidas como CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), para el análisis de los escritos de Peirce, las bases estadísticas de una cronología para su último periodo intelectual y la justificación de una posible periodización del Pragmaticismo, además de la descripción de ciertos descubrimientos realizados en nuestro trabajo de archivo sobre los documentos y manuscritos originales de Peirce. Este trabajo es una parte de nuestra investigación en la Universidad de Quebec en Montreal (UQAM) y la Biblioteca Houghton de la Universidad de Harvard.

With all the literary and political differences between father and son, what is striking about their literary careers is the way they parallel each other: Kingsley was thirty-one when his first novel, Lucky Jim, was published (1953); Martin was twenty – four when he published The Rachel Papers (1973). Lucky Jim was a runaway best seller and a book that defined a generation. That was not quite true of Martin’s early books, but he had enough precocious reward. No other father-son tandem has produced a corpus as sizable and significant as that of Sir Kingsley Amis and his son. They have maintained not only a quality of writing, but also duration of productivity that other literary families have simply not matched.

Among the emerging jurisprudential topics is cash paper, and the later and contemporary jurists of the Imamiyyah and Islamic schools of thought tried to explain the reality of cash paper. Cash has no value, but its value alone is in the cover and the balance, whether it is gold or something else, such as the strength of the country, and on this basis we preferred the jurisprudential rulings that are appropriate to this fact: from the non-fulfillment of usury in exchange for it being of the numbered, and it is not required for them to receive in the council, and it is not obligatory in them. Zakat, and usury is fulfilled, so it is forbidden, and a speculative contract is valid in it

Storage systems for oversized works of art on paper are examined regarding object protection, user satisfaction and sustainability by way of a life cycle assessment of furniture materials/construction features and a survey of about 100 institutions worldwide on their experience with oversize storage. General recommendations are derived and a simple checklist is developed to facilitate oversize purchase by museum professionals.

Direct hydrogen fuel cells are generally heavy and rigid systems based on metal or plastic materials, which are not suitable for various miniwatt and flexible devices. In this study, we have developed a lightweight and flexible fuel cell based on paper substrate embedded with an Al foil inside, which is used as an in-situ hydrogen source by reaction with an electrolyte solution during operation. Benefited from the inhibited hydroxyl transportation by the porous cellulose network, the vigorous Al corrosion reaction is well controlled even though strong alkaline electrolyte is adopted, so that the fuel cell can be discharged for more than 5 hours at 1 mA cm-2 (0.83 V) with only 3.5 mg Al foil. The corresponding faradaic and energy efficiencies are as high as 72% and 18.3%, respectively. The fuel cell flexibility is also quite good when facing different bending angles. Considering its moderate power output, this flexible paper-based hydrogen fuel cell is especially suitable for powering various miniwatt and flexible devices, such as wearable electronics, biosensors, RFID tags, etc. However, higher power can be obtained by suitable stacking of the fuel cell.

With many years of research, color ink-jet printing technology has reached the requirements of color ink-jet printing. The significance of this experiment is to find a suitable method to improve the quality of color ink-jet printing paper. In this work, the dispersion effect and types of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) on nano-SiO2 solution are discussed, and the most suitable PAAS dosage is selected. When the dosage of PAAS is 8%, the dispersibility of nano-SiO2 solution is much better, with an average color density of 1.60, a gloss of 59% and an ink absorption value of 10.2 cm. Adhesives also have a great influence on color ink-jet printing paper. When the amount of PVA is 30% of nano-SiO2, the average color density is 1.62. Glossiness and ink absorption are also the best.

The present study attempts to identify and analyse the collocational errors committed in writing by Iraqi EFL researchers whose major is English. The corpus involves (10 ) papers chosen randomly from various Iraqi universities. The research aims at identifying and analyzing both lexical and grammatical collocationalerrors. The results show that the performance of Iraqi researchers in both patterns seems to be influenced by L1 transfer. Moreover, it is found that other factors contribute to the high frequency of collocation errors committed by them, namely the lack knowledge of collocationalskills, especially with regard to collocationalrestriction,the misuse of synonyms, and thetendencyforovergeneralization. Furthermore, it is found that lexical collocation is the most recurrent error throughout the data. This is due to the grammar-based method ,which is broadly adopted in Iraqi classes.

Traditionally legal discourse has been perceived as an area of human activity where every attempt is made to speak or write precisely, clearly and unambiguously—i.e. no room is left for figurative language. In this context the use of metaphor is naturally unacceptable. With the change in the approach to metaphor as a mental phenome­non, rather than a language phenomenon or a means of embellishing the text, the study of metaphor in various types of discourse has received a new impetus. This ar­ticle addresses the issue of conceptual metaphor translation in the legal discourse of EU White Papers. Metaphorical expressions are categorized into cognitive domains such as dealing with a problem is war, a problem is an enemy, responsibility is a burden, pro­gress is a motion forward, etc. The analysis confirms the hypothesis that if metaphorical expressions exploit the same cognitive domain both in English and Lithuanian, me­taphoricity is fully preserved in translation. Where cognitive domains differ, metap­horicity manifests itself in a different domain or is lost altogether.

In my research I have processed the legal documents of József Zlinszky written in Latin and Hungarian. His land lay on the so-called triple boundary between Irsa, Mikebuda and Cegléd in the 18th-century. Zlinszky had many conflicts with his neighbours due to the unsettled boundaries which often resulted in lawsuits. The only purpose of these lawsuits was to increase the laimant’s territories, since the origin of wealth was landed property at this time. The relevant letters, legal papers and records show us how boundary walks were organized and how the proceedings happened in general. Furthermore, we get an insight into the 18 th-century life: the documents reveal the answers for questions like how important religion and faith were, how boundaries were interpreted by the people, or what kind of role a shepherd could have in a proceeding.

Reseña de: Sanmartín Bastida, Rebeca y Luengo Balbás, María, Las Revelaciones de María de Santo Domingo (1480/86–1524), (Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 74), London, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014, 136 pp.

Sudden natural disasters and public security incidents are emerging one after another. Scholars and governments are increasingly concerned about the issues of urban public security. This paper analyzes the high-cited literature on 261 urban security-related topics in Web of Science in the form of knowledge maps. We found that the United States and China have the strongest research on such issues as health, disease prevention and control, pollution, residential environment issues, agriculture and food issues etc. Among them issues related to new technologies are hotspots in urban security research.

The stages of the system analysis of an industrial energy system with a complex structure are considered by the example of pulp and paper production. The software of the structural and thermodynamic stages of the analysis is presented. The results of thermodynamic calculations of the elements of the energy system by the optimal sequence are given. A variant of the system modernization using a heat pump is presented.

This article reports the use of wastepaper pulp as a direct source of cellulose for producing superabsorbent polymer. The white papers obtained from the offices in Adamson University were cut into 1 inch square pieces and drenched with distilled water and borax. This procedure was done couple of times to achieve a pH of 8 and consistency of 1%-2%. Commercial cotton was used as control to compare and differentiate the properties and structures with the superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Various trials have shown the value of 60 acrylamide beads to produce SAP with optimum performance. FTIR analysis shows properties that are characteristics of cellulose-based SAP. In the present investigation, the influence of temperature, effect in varying salt concentrations, swelling rate and water retention at constant temperature were evaluated. The SAP’s maximum swelling capacity ranges from 0.6561 g to 1.0638 g regardless of the amount of NaCl used. The swelling rate of the SAP proves that it gets heavier with time. Hence, it can be implied that the ability of the SAP to retain water is good. The temperature dependence data revealed the sorption process was favorable at higher temperature. The SAP will absorb the highest amount of solution at 500C given that the solution is pure.

You cannot compete in time with airlines on transcontinental runs, but you can outstrip them in comfort, safety, dependability of service, and also show the passenger the countryside. This, we believe, is a permanent market (Edward G. Budd Jr, speech before the American Association of Passenger Traffic Officers, Chicago, 24 April 1957) After numerous studies made by various scientists, after 1800, it has been concluded that people would function more efficiently if they cooperate. However, not only families and communities, but also educational systems encourage competition, because it is seen as the only way to achieve success, by doing that, the power of cooperation is completely ignored. Still, from an economic point of view, cooperation and competition represent essential elements of progress, both being parts of the corporate culture. This paper proposes research in the evolution of alliances in airline companies, the regulations of the domain, with consideration of a competitive labor market, the efficiency and the benefits among consumers.

Paper, the carrier of our written heritage, decays within a relatively short period of time mainly due to its acid content and the influence of air pollution. More than 50% of the records of our libraries and archives are already at risk. Mass deacidification allows this problem to be counteracted by significantly slowing down the deterioration of paper and thereby prolonging its life span. An overview of all relevant mass deacidification methods is given. As it was found that the 'papersave' method was the most suitable to meet Swiss requirements, a plant using an optimised version of this method was built and put into service in March 2000. Thanks to this optimisation, not only books and loose sheets but also documents in archival boxes could be mass-deacidified for the first time. Due to the necessity to analyse not only test papers but also original documents, new non-destructive testing methods had to be developed. Findings of basic investigations regarding treatment effects as well as results of routine quality control turned out to be very satisfactory.

Abstract not available.

Introduction: the World Health Organization recommends TT surveys to be conducted in adults aged 15+ years (TT 15 survey) and certifies elimination of TT as a public health problem when there is less than 1 unknown case per 1,000 people of all ages. There is no standard survey method to accurately confirm this elimination prevalence threshold of 0.1% because rare conditions require large and expensive prevalence survey samples. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate operational research method to measure the total backlog of TT in people of all ages and detect when the elimination threshold is achieved. Methods: between July to October 2016, an innovative Community-based, Mapping, Mop-up and Follow-up (CMMF) approach to elimination of TT as a public health problem was developed and tested in Esoit, Siana, Megwara and Naikara sub-locations in Narok County namely in Kenya. The County had ongoing community-based TT surgical camps and case finders. TT case finders were recruited from existing pool of Community health volunteers (CHV) in the Community Health Strategy Initiative Programme of the Ministry of Health. They were trained, validated and supervised by experienced TT surgeons. A case finder was allocated a population unit with 2 to 3 villages to conduct a de jure pre-survey census, examine all people in the unit and register those with TT (TT all survey). Identified cases were confirmed by TT surgeons prior to surgery. Operated patients were reviewed at 1 day, 2 weeks and 3-6 months. The case finders will also be used to identify and refer new and recurrent cases. People with other eye and medical conditions were treated and referred accordingly. Standardised data collection and computer based data capture tools were used. Case finders kept registers with details of all persons with TT, those operated and those who refused to be operated (refusals). These details informed decision and actions on follow-up and counselling. Progress towards achievement of elimination threshold was assessed by dividing the number of TT cases diagnosed by total population in the population unit multiplied by 1,000. Results: Narok County Government adopted both the CMMF approach and TT all survey method. All persons in 4,784 households in the four sub-locations were enumerated and examined. The total population projection was 29,548 and pre-survey census 22,912 people. Fifty-three cases of TT were diagnosed. The prevalence of was 0.23% and this is equivalent to 2.3 cases per thousand population of all ages. Prior to this study, the project required to operate on at least 30 cases (excess cases) to achieve the elimination threshold of 1 case per 1000 population. Conclusions: the total backlog of TT was confirmed and the project is now justified to lay claim of having eliminated TT as a public health problem in the study area. Limitation: TTall method may not be appropriate in settings with high burden of TT. Nomadic migrations affect estimation of population size. Non-trachomatous TT could not be ruled-out.

Îndelungata stare de fragmentarism teritorial şi de separatism politic între români a generat o criză a conştiinţelor liderilor din spaţiul românesc, tensiune din care s-a cristalizat ideea „daco-românismului”. Aceasta s-a concretizat prin iniţierea unei lupte naţionale, în special în spaţiul transilvănean, al cărei punct final a fost constituirea unei Românii întregite, rotunda şi adevărata patrie a tuturor românilor, care a reuşit să fixeze, în memoria urmaşilor, fireştile sale contururi geografice la 1 decembrie 1918. Astfel, ideea „daco-românismului” a devenit coşmarul guvernelor maghiare din perioada dualistă, neamul românesc fiind proiectat, potrivit acestei „legi nescrise” de la nivelul mentalului colectiv al elitei româneşti, ca un tot unitar, graniţele artificiale reuşind să despartă persoane, dar nu şi simţămintele sufleteşti fireşti. Esenţială şi necesară pentru transformarea vechii idei a „daco-românismului” în principiu politic-cultural a fost sinteza cultural-naţională a românilor din monarhia austro-ungară şi a celor din Vechiul Regat, care a pregătit conştiinţele pentru actul istoric de la 1 decembrie 1918. „Daco-românismul” a avut marele merit de a fi chemat la reflexie angajată în jurul unor idei majore, precum: „istorie”, „naţiune”, „neam”, „confesiune”, „conştiinţă naţională”, „limbă”, „cultură”, „politică”, ce-şi resemnifică mereu, pentru fiecare dintre vremuri în parte, conţinuturile. Cuvinte-cheie: naţiune, mişcare naţională, drepturi politice, unitate, modernitate, idei politice, intelectualitate.

Nordic conference in eighteenth-century studies, Uppsala 12-14 October 2017

This research analyzed the social representations regarding women promoted in the fashion journalistic discourse during the sixties decade in Medellín city. It was a period of time characterized by the emergence of media and clothing consumer wave. It went together with the spread of new ideals of personal fulfillment. These aspects produced a gradual transformation on the existing social representations in the city. This research used the discourse analysis method with the purpose of understanding the transmission processes of representations which defined traditional female roles and those roles symbol of social and cultural changes. This method is a helpful tool that allowed studying the social, political and economic context in which they emerged and developed as symbolic creations of appropriation of reality constructed by social groups.

Though books are often considered “old media” in the digital age, their production in this period in fact has been continually reimagined and redefined through new technologies of printing, especially paper and ink manufacturing. This paper explores how three specific recent printed books demonstrate this point in both form and content: David Brower’s Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (1995), William McDonough and Michael Braungart’s Cradle to Cradle (2002), and the 2008 Harper-Collins Green Bible. Brower’s book was printed on paper made from kenaf, a sustainable alternative to wood-based paper. Cradle to Cradle was printed on a synthetic polymer that could be endlessly remade into other products. The Green Bible was printed on recycled paper and used soy-based ink, and all verses with environmental content were printed in green. In each case, in form these printed books were meant to model innovative industrial information production while also through their content to motivate enhanced environmental consciousness.

A PI/cellulose composite separator was prepared by adsorbing bacterial cellulose on a PI separator prepared via a papermaking process. The PI/cellulose separator exhibited good thermal stability and electrolyte wetting properties compared to commercial celgard 2340 separator. The amount of bacterial cellulose added was 20%. Bacterial cellulose fills the porosity of the PI separator. The PI/cellulose composite separator possesses excellent thermal stability even at 200 °C and high electrolyte wettability with a contact angle of 58°.

This article examines the language of one of the several Italian newspapers in-print between the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century in North America, the Gazzetta del Massachusetts. The goal of this paper is to show how the journalistic activity borne by overseas immigrants have re-created and/or re-negotiated a new «Italianità» via a quite different use of the Italian language when compared to coeval papers printed in Italy.

Assuring the quality of a product is a big problem for all companies. Statistical process control is the main quantitative tool used in TQM. For monitoring the process some statistical process control techniques are used. The most important tool for monitoring the process is quality control chart. Control charts are used in analysis of process changes. Main subject of this study is to construct a quality control chart for offset printing machine in a printery company. Because of the fact that there are some problems in the machines with respect to the color shifting and paper thickness in the output, this study aims at analyzing the production process for decreasing the shifts and the variation in paper thickness. An offset printing machine in the company is selected for constructing the quality control chart. This work focuses on 54*72 Heidelberg offset printing (2 Colors) brand printing machine and paper thickness in Advertising and Printing Company.

El present estudi analitza les tècniques jurídiques de potenciació de la bona administració en relació amb el dret a l´habitatge i té en compte la modificació de la Llei 18/2007, operada per la Llei 9/2011, així com les polítiques públiques en el nou context de crisi econòmica. Així, s’analitzen les noves mesures adoptades per protegir els deutors hipotecaris incapaços de satisfer el pagament de les seves obligacions i s’estudia fins a quin punt seria constitucionalment acceptable l´establiment futur de la dació en pagament si s’aplica a contractes de préstec o crèdit encara vigents, així com la imposició a propietaris de lloguers forçosos per evitar la pèrdua de l’allotjament per part dels deutors. Finalment, partint de la constatació que la mera protecció amb el dret privat del dret a l’habitatge de qui ja té allotjament és clarament insuficient, analitza l’imprescindible concurs del dret públic per promoure un habitatge assequible, mitjançant el paper rellevant del dret urbanístic i de la col·laboració publicoprivada, i fa una sèrie de propostes concretes en la part final.The present study analyses the legal techniques for the enhancement of good administration in relation with the right to housing and takes into account the amendments made to la Ley 18/2007 operada por la Ley 9/2011 [Act 18/2007 implemented by Act 9/2011], as well as public policies in the new context of economic crisis. Thus, the study analyses the new measures adopted to protect mortgage borrowers unable to meet their obligations and considers to what extent the future establishment of assignment of payment would be constitutionally acceptable if applied to loan or credit contracts still in force, as well as the imposition on owners of forced rentals to avoid the loss of accommodation on the part of debtors. Finally, based on the assumption that the mere protection through private law of the right to housing of those who already have accommodation is clearly insufficient, the study analyses the essential need for public law to promote affordable housing through planning law and public-private collaboration, and makes a number of specific proposals in the final part.El presente estudio analiza las técnicas jurídicas de potenciación de la buena administración en relación con el derecho a la vivienda y tiene en cuenta la modificación de la Ley 18/2007 operada por la Ley 9/2011, así como las políticas públicas en el nuevo contexto de crisis económica. Así, se analizan las nuevas medidas adoptadas para proteger a los deudores hipotecarios incapaces de hacer frente al pago de sus obligaciones y se estudia hasta qué punto sería constitucionalmente aceptable el establecimiento futuro de la dación en pago si se aplica a contratas de préstamo o crédito todavía vigentes, así como la imposición a propietarios de alquileres forzosos para evitar la pérdida del alojamiento por parte de los deudores. Finalmente, partiendo de la constatación que la mera protección con el derecho privado del derecho a la vivienda de quien ya tiene alojamiento es claramente insuficiente, analiza el imprescindible concurso del derecho público para promover una vivienda asequible, mediante el relevante papel del derecho urbanístico y de la colaboración público-privada, y hace una serie de propuestas concretas en la parte final.

This paper analyzes the situations and conditions in which the applicable for intercepting and recording of communications. It also analyzes the compatibility of provisions from special laws with those of the Criminal Procedure Code and the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court regarding: conditions for authorizing, the person empowered to issue the authorization, as special normative documents still refers to prosecutors, the maximum period for interception, defining clear categories of offenses and persons likely to be subjec - categories of experts responsible for verifying the authenticity of the recordings.

Companion articles are a new category of articles published in the Quantitative Methods for Psychology. They are meant to provide a detailed, step-by-step, explanation of how to run a specific analysis used in a previously published article but described with fewer details.

Over 300 million tones of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials pose problems of disposal and health hazards. The wastes like phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum and red mud contain obnoxious impurities which adversely affect the strength and other properties of building materials based on them. Out of several wastes being produced at present, the use of phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, lime sludge, hypo sludge, red mud, and mine tailing is of paramount significance to protect the environment. Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times before they become too short or weak to make high quality paper. It means that the broken, low-quality paper fibers are separated out to become waste sludge. All the inks, dyes, coatings, pigments, staples and ”stickies” (tape, plastic films, etc.) are also washed off the recycled fibers to join the waste solids. The shiny finish on glossy magazine-type paper is produced using a fine kaolin clay coating, which also becomes solid waste during recycling. This paper mill sludge consumes a large percentage of local landfill space for each and every year. Worse yet, some of the wastes are land spread on cropland as a disposal technique, raising concerns about trace contaminants building up in soil or running off into area lakes and streams. Some companies burn their sludge in incinerators, contributing to our serious air pollution problems. To reduce disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from them. Keeping this in view, investigations were undertaken to produce low cast concrete by blending various ratios of cement with hypo sludge. This project is concerned with experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing cement via 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of Hypo Sludge.

In this paper, the overall overview of concept of preservation regardless if it is preservation of physical records/archives or digital records/archives is discussed. The concept of the preservation discussed includes preventive preservation, restorative preservation, and content preservation. Then the concept of digital preservation. Furthermore, this paper highlighted the strategies and methods used in implementing the preservation of digital records/archives. The issues those are involved in the digital preservation implementation are also discussed.

This paper is a conceptual study that introduces the role of collaborative regulation into the supply chain resilience debate. The manufacturing supply chain of halal pharmaceuticals in Malaysia forms the context of the paper. In this paper, a critical review of previous studies on supply chain resilience, joint working relationships between supply chain actors, and collaborative involvement of regulatory authorities in supply chain relationships was carried out. Collaborative regulation for improved supply chain resilience is the coordinated, consistent, and strategic activities that includes: effective, as well as regular coordination and interactions; knowledge and information sharing, verification, and periodical monitoring, as well as enforcement of collaborative approaches to policy and regulatory control mechanisms via coercive force of isomorphism. The arguments put forward, contribute to improving knowledge, by specifying the conditions in which supply chain resilience is stronger in highly regulated contexts. This is an aspect that is ill reflected in the supply chain management literature.

Environmental and open public health aspects have an important and increasing role, especially in the exploration of natural fibers from recycle materials. The aim of this study is to synthesis cellulose from office waste paper and use it as a reinforcement filler to develop biocomposites. Epoxy reinforced kenaf fiber and cellulose composite were prepared in this study using polymer casting technique consisting of grinded kenaf fibre (natural fibre) 5% and epoxy 95% as reinforcement element. Cellulose was synthesized from recycled office papers and used as a filler to prepare cellulose/kenaf reinforced epoxy composite. Effect of cellulose to the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. Samples were fabricated by weight percentage of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of cellulose content. For mechanical properties impact test, Rockwell harness and tensile testings were conducted.

The design engineering is one of essential work in modern manufacturing environment. The optimization is principal technique to be used widely for searching the solution. However, primary process of optimization is to know the relation between design input parameters and target output. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach as an intelligent algorithm is proposed to construct the relation and also provides it in form of mathematic modeling. Even though the ANN modeling is so call a backblock due to difficulty to understand complicated equations, it is simply constructed by automate iteration process. A case of paper helicopter is used as an example of the application. The classical 2k Factorial design is used to provide an experiment plan to create training and testing data. 93 experiments are carried out. The architecture of ANN is set according to lowest Mean square error (MSE) of training and testing procedure. The result of 5-10-1 architecture has shown ability to accurately predict output, landing time, with MSE of 0.012. With such a highly quantitative accuracy of results, the developed model using the neural network approach can be used for finding the suitable input parameters to achieve a desired target output. In this case, the design of dimension (A) Depth of cut wing is 1.3 cm., (B) Length of wing is 12.9 cm., (C) Length of body is 9.0, (D) Width of body is 2.0 cm., and (E) Depth of cut body is 0 cm. yield the lowest area of a paper helicopter that can meet the target landing time, 2.85 + 5% second.

The Fenton-like process of catalyzing H2O2 with Fe2+ and cinder is adopted to subject pharmaceutical and paper-making wastewater to advanced treatment. The influence of each factor is determined using orthogonal experiment and single factor test. The optimal combination of influencing factors is 0.3mmol · L-1 of FeSO4 · 7H2O, [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=8:1 and 10g · L-1 of pyrites cinder. The reaction time in pharmaceutical wastewater and paper-making wastewater is 30min and 60min respectively, testifying to the fact that the reaction in pharmaceutical wastewater is faster than that in paper-making wastewater and the lower utilization rate of cinder in pharmaceutical wastewater. Under the optimal reaction condition, the COD removal rate of these two kinds of wastewater can reach as high as 65% and 72%. Characterized by simple operation and requiring less reagent dosage, this method does not have to regulate the pH of flooding water and allows the repeated usage of cinder.

Turnover intentions in academic institutions has become one of the main concern of the management as surviving and achieving excellence is very much about having the knowledgeable and committed employee. Therefore, it is one of the main and foremost issue for a management of higher education institution to give important. There are many factors that influence an academician to have turnover intentions. Hence, this study’s focus was to investigate the relationship between role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. The variables studied in this paper were analyse from a research framework. The finding of this study has been discussed on role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. Conclusion has been drawn from the support of literature that states that the variables influences on turnover intentions. This paper’s finding provides valuable guidance for researcher and practitioners to overcome and improve the current mechanism to reduce turnover intentions. The research has also found few new paths for thinking on how to manage employees that having turnover intentions in any organizations.

The paper presents aspects of the scientific production of three 'ilustrados' who worked in South America: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838), José Hipólito Unanúe (1755-1833), and Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga (1771-1848). These naturalists, whose trajectories, territories and beliefs were different, built their particular version of Nature in America and contributed with their scientific work to the construction of American geohistory. They were chosen in this research by criteria of territorial dispersion and by different approaches about specific aspects of Earth Sciences – themes that up to now have not received full attention among Latin-American historians of sciences. This paper contends that these personalities built their own knowledge about 'temperament' (climate) and territories, and also used their scientific knowledge to implement political agenda for their respectives countries that were being conformed.

Flame spread over combustible solid must be precisely identify in fire hazard and this is the basic problem in fire safety engineering field. To explore the flame spread mechanism over combustible solid, the downward flame spread behaviour over paper and bagasse has been investigated in this experiment. It found that the combustion pattern for paper was slightly different from the bagasse on the front view and this was analysed through the observation. The result also showed that the flame spread rate for paper is higher compared to the flame spread rate for bagasse. It seem that, although bagasse is the combustible solid the rate of flame spread is lower and the usage of bagasse can help to control the flame spread.

This paper synthesizes the actions performed in order to transform a classic scientific research journal – “Annals. Computer Science Series” – available only in printed form until 2008, into a modern e-journal with free access to the full text of the articles. For achieving this goal, the research papers have been included in various article databases, portals and library catalogs which offered a high visibility to the journal. Keywords: Open-Acces Initiative, article database, standards, meta-data harvesting

L’article planteja una breu aproximació al paper que va tenir el periodista Mateo Santos, director del setmanari cinematogràfic Popular Film (Barcelona, 1926-1937), entorn del qual es constituiria a Barcelona durant els anys de la II República un «grup d’afinitat» caracteritzat per l’afició al cinematògraf i per la militància llibertària dels seus joves integrants.

Aquest estudi analitza el paper molt important, però fins ara generalment sense reconèixer, de la comunitat catalana de Montevideo en el desenvolupament econòmic, social i institucional de l’Uruguai durant el període colonial (1724-1808) i també la primera fase (1808-1814) de les lluites entre criolls i peninsulars per al control dels territoris confrontats al Riu de la Plata.