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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia / Journal Canadien d'Anesthésie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quantum computing is an exciting field with high disruptive potential, but very difficult to access. For this reason, many approaches to teaching quantum computing are being developed worldwide. This always raises questions about the didactic concept, the content actually taught, and how to measure the success of the teaching concept. In 2022 and 2023, the authors taught a total of nine two-week MOOCs (massive open online courses) with different possible learning paths on the Hasso Plattner Institute's OpenHPI platform. The purpose of the platform is to make computer science education available to everyone free of charge. The nine quantum courses form a self-contained curriculum. A total of more than 17,000 course attendances have been taken by about 7400 natural persons, and the number is still rising. This paper presents the course concept and evaluates the anonymized data on the background of the participants, their behaviour in the courses, and their learning success. This paper is the first to analyze such a large dataset of MOOC-based quantum computing education. The summarized results are a heterogeneous personal background of the participants biased towards IT professionals, a majority following the didactic recommendations, and a high success rate, which is strongly correlatated with following the didactic recommendations. The amount of data from such a large group of quantum computing learners provides many avenues for further research in the field of quantum computing education. The analyses show that the MOOCs are a low-threshold concept for getting into quantum computing. It was very well received by the participants. The concept can serve as an entry point and guide for the design of quantum computing courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational outcomes of the descendants of migrants are important indicators of migrants' incorporation into host societies and an indicator of intergenerational social im/mobility. This paper examines this relationship using data from a survey that follows a cohort of young adults, born between 1988 and 1997, who grew up in Switzerland. It looks at the relationship between the educational output of respondents and their parental migratory background, with the theoretical consideration that the family's social capital is a starting point in the descendants' trajectories. The paper is based on secondary data and exploratory cross-sectional quantitative analyses. The results highlight first a correspondence between migrant parents' national origins and their socio-economic status—in other words, an 'ethno-class'. Second, they show differences in educational outcomes between migrants' descendants and native Swiss as well as between the migrants' descendants themselves—which indicates a segmented incorporation process for both the first and the second generation, in confirmation of previous research. Third, results show that parental background and language region of residence are statistically significant in determining the level of education achieved by the migrants' descendants, especially those with a low socio-economic status. Their social mobility is 'limited', and they remain mostly in vocational education. The paper concludes that the Swiss school system still fails to include the most unprivileged and that a glass ceiling remains for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative school-to-work research has long emphasised the role of institutions in shaping youth labour market integration. This paper provides an overview of this research stream, consisting of four main sections. The first section introduces a variety of labour market outcomes of young graduates within Europe and identifies country clusters with higher and lower outcomes; this empirical evidence has so far remained limited in the multivariate oriented research stream. The second section links these labour market outcomes to the institutional settings of the education systems prevalent in the country clusters. By considering a wide country sample, it introduces a reliable country classification of transition regimes (along the OLM–ILM continuum), which has so far been partly inconclusive in research. The third section links labour market outcomes in turn to labour market institutions of the country clusters. This section emphasizes why labour market institutions drive only particular individual outcomes. Finally, the fourth section connects the previous three: it describes how certain institutional complementarities affect the youth labour market integration in the identified European country clusters. The review further identifies theoretical inconclusiveness or data-related desiderata, for which recommendations and solutions are proposed. The paper thus aims to assist both familiar and unfamiliar researchers to access the research stream by offering a comprehensive introduction and clear country classifications, linking research streams, and providing solutions to identified issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necropsy, the examination of animal carcasses to determine the cause of death, is an essential skill for many professionals. Traditional training methods, however, are costly and time-consuming. The article suggests that Web-based Augmented Reality (WebAR) can offer an immersive and cost-effective training experience for laboratory animal necropsy. It describes using photogrammetry techniques to create a virtual necropsy environment consisting of 10 necropsy steps. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the usability, educational value, and drawbacks of the designed application by students who tested it. The paper outlines best practices for developing WebAR simulations, including high-fidelity 3D models and interactive elements. Additionally, it presents methods for creating new WebAR applications using specific programs or scripts. This paper highlights the potential benefits of WebAR for laboratory animal necropsy training, emphasizing its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing education costs is a crucial policy element with broad support in the U.S. However, is lowering the cost of learning a panacea for eliminating income inequality? In this paper, I theoretically examine the relationship between income inequality and the cost of education by building a three-stage overlapping generation model with two sectors and two education systems. In contrast to conventional studies treating education as a unified concept or in hierarchical order, I consider two types of education, each targeting the training of workers for different roles in production. Workers who decide to spend time learning and improving creativity skills can work to produce intermediate goods used in current production and illuminate future production technology. Coders who produce industrial robots are one example of workers who receive this type of education. The other type of education only improves workers' efficiency and helps them become experts in positions. For instance, office clerks who receive computer training can become more productive in dealing with their daily tasks. I pick a reasonable set of parameters, and the simulation result implies that reducing the cost of practical training may end up enlarging income inequality. The key is whether the effect resulting from the wage gap between jobs (wageeffect) dominates the effect of changing the share of workers in jobs (compositioneffect). Reducing the cost of learning creativity encourages marginal experts to learn creativity and marginal basic workers to receive training, leading to declining wage gaps and income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is presently having a substantial influence on the advancement of career counseling education by enabling tailored guidance and evidence-based decision-making for learners. This paper aims to provide an overview about the utilization of AI in Bangladesh's early career planning education. The utilization of AI has already been deployed in many first world country, however this is quite new to the third world country like Bangladesh. Significantly, artificial intelligence (AI) has surpassed its traditional function in professional growth and extended its reach to encompass social and emotional education. The examination of AI studies in Bangladesh requires the careful examination of several elements, such as cognitive advancement, parental engagement and oversight, and cultural heritage. This paper reveals overall all the facets of implementing AI in career planning in context of Bangladesh. Although there are several limits associated with the utilization of artificial intelligence for career assessment, it has undeniably yielded a multitude of benefits and discoveries. In the result, the two areas of data-informed making choices and career exploration are where the phenomena mentioned above are most frequently seen. Additionally, there is a growing need for cultural competency in the educational sector for both the delivery of individualized career counseling and AI-assisted employment suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent demographic changes in Western countries have resulted in higher rates of partnership dissolution and serial partnering, and an increase in childbearing across multiple partnerships. This has given rise to more complex family dynamics including multi-partner fertility (MPF), defined as having biological children with two or more partners. Yet estimates of MPF in the UK have not previously been available. This paper describes an 'indirect approach' to estimate the prevalence of MPF in the UK, for men and women, given different assumptions. The paper additionally explores differences in MPF according to own and parental educational attainment. Amongst those born in Britain in 1970, 12–14% of men and 15–18% of women experienced MPF by age 42, depending on the assumptions made. For most of the cohort, MPF occurred with two different coresidential partners. We have established that MPF is a common family formation in the UK, but there are large educational disparities in MPF prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper folding-and-punching tests are used to measure spatial abilities in humans. This paper presents a qualitative model for paper folding (QPF) and a computer game (Paper Folding Game) developed to apply and show the reasoning capabilities of the QPF model. This interactive game presents paper-folding activities intended to help users train and understand how to fold a paper to get a specific shape. Then, it presents paper-folding-and-punching tests to the players. The Paper Folding Game can automatically generate paper-folding-and-punching questions with varying degrees of difficulty depending on the number of folds and holes made, thus producing additional levels for training. The reasoning mechanisms in the QPF model are used by the Paper Folding Game to infer the right answer to each paper-folding-and-punching question. This reasoning capability allows the game to provide feedback to the players when they are wrong and also to create other plausible answers automatically, so that random question-answers are shown to the players in the master-mode. The Paper Folding Game has been implemented using Unity engine and it is available to download from GooglePlay and AppleStore for everyone to train their spatial reasoning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use census data on external assessments in primary and secondary schools in the Basque Country (Spain) to estimate learning losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021, 1 year after school closures, which lasted from March to June 2020. Differences-in-differences with student and school-by-grade fixed effects show an average learning loss of 0.045 standard deviations, an effect that is smaller than short-run effects estimated by previous papers, and estimated after 6 months of one of the most successful school reopening campaigns among OECD countries. The effect is larger in Mathematics, moderate in Basque language, and none in Spanish language. Controlling for socioeconomic differences, learning losses are especially large in public schools, and also in private schools with a high percentage of low-performing students. On the other hand, we find a regression to the mean within schools, possibly due to a compressed curriculum during the whole period. Finally, and more importantly, we use unique novel data on student socio-emotional well-being and show for the first time that students with higher learning losses self-report significantly worse levels of socio-emotional well-being due to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing education does not only involve years of schooling, quality matters! This paper aims at providing better data on schooling with a focus on learning outcomes. It provides the largest dataset on learning outcomes, years of schooling and learning-adjusted year of schooling (LAYS) with comparable data between 1970 and 2020. The quantity dimension is measured by years of schooling and uses the latest data from Barro and Lee (J Dev Econ 104:184–198, 2013), while the quality dimension is taken from linking standardized, psychometrically robust international achievement tests and hybrid tests. The data are available for more than 120 countries between 1970 and 2020. Several findings can be highlighted. A global convergence on both learning outcomes and enrollment has occurred since 1970, but a breakdown can be found after 1990. A very low number of countries perform better after 2000 regarding the quality of schooling, while most countries have a stable level of learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Industry 4.0, the demand for skilled professionals well-versed in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is escalating. However, a significant challenge faced in educational settings is the lack of comprehensive and effective methodologies for imparting practical knowledge and skills in IoT. This paper presents an approach for designing and implementing an Internet of Things (IoT) laboratory in which students may practice and comprehend many components of an IoT environment, such as analysis of sensor data, IoT platform development, and setup of messaging protocols. The teaching methodology adopts a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) framework, which integrates teachers, classrooms, and resources to create a comprehensive learning environment. Bloom's taxonomy is employed to assess the efficacy of the suggested technique in terms of cognitive skills and knowledge acquisition. The evaluation procedure demonstrated the advantages of a hybrid learning environment, which integrated both face-to-face and remote instruction. The case study is conducted in an engineering higher education course on first year students. The findings of this paper lay the groundwork for a remotely deliverable IoT training course, contributing to the advancement of IoT education and equipping students with the necessary skills for the evolving landscape of Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By aligning Saudi Vision 2030 with the UN's SDGs, this study highlights the significant role of integrating sustainable environmental design knowledge into architectural education in Saudi Arabia. Viewing this integration as a moral obligation, it emphasizes equipping future architects with the skills to create environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings, fostering a sustainable and resilient built environment. This paper aims to examine the degree of integration of sustainability knowledge and assess the structural models incorporated into the architectural programs of six Saudi Arabian universities. Adopting a quantitative approach with qualitative insights, this research focuses on universities certified by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) or accredited by recognized national and international bodies. This study is limited to the meso-level (curricular management) and includes structural models, course descriptions, learning outcomes, course sequences, and alignment with program visions and missions. A comprehensive review was conducted on all courses related to sustainability, collecting data from program websites. The main variables analyzed included sustainable environmental knowledge, total contact hours dedicated to sustainability courses, distribution across various course types, and patterns over a 5-year period. The units of analysis encompass program plans, vision and mission statements, learning outcomes, course syllabi, and descriptions. The findings reveal significant disparities in sustainability emphasis among programs, with Imam Abdul Rahman Al-Faisal University dedicating 42% of contact hours to sustainability, compared to 25 to 11% at other universities. This study highlights the need for integrating sustainability across design studio levels to provide students with practical skills across disciplines. Most programs use a "linear/parallel" or "partially integrated" model, requiring sustainability principles in graduation projects. However, elective sustainability courses are unpopular and do not adequately address curriculum gaps. This study highlights the necessity of further investigating the effectiveness of incorporating sustainability knowledge in architectural programs. Exploring specific areas for future research to enhance the integration of sustainability in architectural education is also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the major constitutes of human society, education has been continuously producing a huge amount of data and become an important of sources of big data. Deeply mining and analyzing these big education data are of practical significance for optimizing education resource deployment and improving education quality. However, the big education data are often of diverse types and from multiple parties, which raises a big challenge for accurate and reasonable educational data fusion especially when the educational data are correlated with each other. In view of this challenge, we put forward a novel cloud computing-aided multi-type data fusion approach considering data correlation in education, to accommodate the big volume, diverse types and correlation of educational data. In concrete, the data fusion operation is mainly based on the Mahalanobis distances which can overcome the data diversity in multiple-dimensional data fusion for education. Afterwards, we provide a case study to show the concrete steps of our proposal. At last, a set of experiments are deployed to validate the feasibility of our proposal in this paper. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach in dealing with multi-type data fusion with correlation in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While sustainability as a practice has been implemented in education for a long time, the conceptualisation of an impactful sustainability actor has not been as thoroughly formulated. The theory of structuration is relevant as a lens for critical reflection on the transformative potential of individuals educated in sustainability as a practice, who are often described as change-makers and mandated to enact sustainability. This paper examines sustainability agency using materials produced for a set of online sustainability courses. This text corpus is utilised as a representation of climate and sustainability education. The materials repeat systemic framings present in sustainability rhetoric, such as the contexts and targets in which sustainability transformation occurs. Additionally, through a qualitative content analysis of the textual corpus descriptions emerged as attributes of the agents to enact sustainability. This uncovers the juxtaposition between the often-repeated perception that sustainability must be achieved by capable agents and the capacities they possess. Further, our content analysis suggests a rhetorical process of othering within sustainability, for example by positioning "people"—the general population—as the cause of the sustainability crisis, and "us"—the educated—as the solution. Through our findings, the article concludes that when utilising the concept of sustainability agency—be it in theoretical, educational, or practical work—one ought to pay significant attention to the structures wherein the activities take place. The full comprehension of the transformative potential of individual agents ought to include an acknowledgement of the difference between educated capability and capacity—the latter of which necessitates dominance over the structural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of poorly processed reports of child abuse and neglect, along with governance challenges in child protection systems, are well-documented. Recent research, inquiries and royal commissions emphasise the need for child-centered and participatory practices that support the rights and dignity of children and their families. However, the challenges of quality case recording in child protection systems and contexts remain unclear. This paper reports on the findings from a pilot study that interviewed (n = 22) and surveyed (n = 56) social work students and social work curriculum developers from Australian Universities and practitioners currently working in the Australian child protection service system. By capturing participants' professional insights, we aim to understand the embedded barriers to transforming child-centered systems by focusing on strengths and possibilities in current practices rather than reiterating deficiencies in recordkeeping. This paper reveals insights into how professionals working in the child protection system understand and are supported in child-centered case note recording and recordkeeping practices. It also identifies the possibilities for the crucial role that interdisciplinary collaboration and alignment between social work and recordkeeping informatics can play in transforming and supporting recordkeeping approaches and practices that prioritise and uphold the rights and dignity of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on an educator's perceived experiences and observations on the complex process of 'passage' when students transitioning from high school into their first-year of post-secondary education often struggle to adapt to academic writing standards. It relies on literature to further explore such a process. Written communication has become increasingly popular in formal academic and professional settings, stressing the need for effective formal writing skills. The development of online tools for aiding writing is not a new concept, but a new software development known as ChatGPT, may add to the many challenges academic writing has faced over the years. This paper reflects on the students' struggles as they navigate different courses seeking to adapt their writing skills to formal and structured written academic requirements. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many recent high school students into virtual education, uncertain of its effectiveness in developing the writing skills high school graduates require in academia. Many unknowns exist in using ChatGPT in academic contexts, especially in writing. ChatGPT can generate texts independently, raising concerns about plagiarism and its impact on students' critical thinking and writing skills. This paper hopes to contribute to pedagogical discussions on the current challenges surrounding the use of artificial intelligence technology and how better to support beginner writers in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In K-12 education, Computational Thinking (CT) has been a trendy issue in mathematics education, but the approach and results of CT + Math are not yet clear enough. This paper systematically reviewed 22 SSCI journal papers from three perspectives: the current status, outcomes, and implications of mathematics and CT integration. Results indicate that: (1) The empirical studies were more inclined to be carried out in primary school; (2) The sample size inversely proportional to the duration, the same as the duration and the learning phase; (3) the integration of mathematics and CT were gradually emerging in kindergartens, while the empirical studies in junior and senior high schools still needs to be improved; (4) The experimental type prioritizes case studies and lacks mixed research; (5) Most research designs employ a variety of measuring instruments but limited in multimodal data; (6) Through the teaching model of plug-in programming, the integration of mathematics and CT was centred on the field of geometry and number operations; and (7) The CT skills involved are mainly Problem decomposition, Pattern recognition, Abstraction, Algorithm design and Debugging. The limitations and future directions are also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers hold many beliefs, shaped by their educational knowledge, experiences, and cultural, social, historical, and political environments. These teacher beliefs, together with teacher characteristics and school context factors can influence cognitive processes, expectations, instructional decisions, and practices which could affect learning experiences, student engagement, and achievement. Numerous studies have explored these factors, however, often separately or with only one or two others. This paper explores primary school teachers' self-reported perceptions on the relationships between teacher beliefs (including teacher class level expectations, self-efficacy, motivation, goal orientation, work engagement, passion for teaching, relatedness to students), teacher characteristics (including gender, ethnicity, teacher experience), and school context factors (including decile and year level taught), and the impact of these on student achievement and teachers' instructional practices. Associations were found between teaching self-efficacy and all the other factors explored; work engagement and teachers' years of teaching experience, gender, and school decile; and years of teaching experience and student achievement. Further, relatedness to students, passion for teaching, and teaching self-efficacy was found to be associated with teachers' instructional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was aimed to analyze the impact of education on health of the Vietnamese older adults (defined as those aged 50 and over), using various socio-demographic, economic and health characteristics from a national survey (namely, the Survey on Older Persons and Social Health Insurance – OP&SHI) in 2019. Statistical analyses and probit regression models were used to pursue the research purpose. We generally found that older adults who never attended school or incomplete primary school had higher rate of poor self-rated health (SRH) than those having higher educational levels. Impact of education on SRH was not clear for the middle-old (aged 70–79) and the oldest-old (aged 80 and over). The probit regression results showed that education had a positive impact on SRH of the Vietnamese older adults. The findings of this study highlighted the need for a policy of prioritizing resources for education and training development, thereby changing the structure of future older population with higher proportion of highly educated people. Older people having higher educational levels usually have longer healthy life expectancies and thus reduce long-term care costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility to use light in the visible spectrum to induce near-infrared luminescence in some materials, particularly Egyptian blue and related pigments, offers a significant advantage in terms of their detection. Since 2008, this property has been exploited to reveal the presence of those pigments even in tiny amounts on ancient and decayed surfaces, using a technical-photography method. This paper presents a new type of imaging device that enables real-time, easy, and inexpensive identification and mapping of Egyptian blue and related materials. The potential of the new tool is demonstrated by its effectiveness in detecting Egyptian blue within some prestigious sites: (a) Egyptian findings at Museo Egizio, Turin; (b) underground Roman frescoes at Domus Aurea, Rome; and (c) Renaissance frescoes by Raphael, Triumph of Galatea and Loggia of Cupid and Psyche, at Villa Farnesina, Rome. The device is based on night vision technology and allows an unprecedented fast, versatile, and user-friendly approach. It is employable by professionals including archeologists, conservators, and conservation scientists, as well as by untrained individuals such as students or tourists at museums and sites. The overall aim is not to replace existing photographic techniques but to develop a tool that enables rapid preliminary recognition, useful for planning the work to be carried out with conventional methods. The ability to immediately track Egyptian blue and related pigments, through real-time vision, photos, and videos, also provides a new kind of immersive experience (Blue Vision) and can foster the modern use of these materials in innovative applications and future technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is everything good in political economy incorporated into modern graduate education in economics? With the transition of the art of political economy into the science of economics, there was a significant narrowing of graduate education curriculum. The prevailing technique in economics, a neoclassical framework focusing on formal empirics, gradually compressed artistic components of economics, including philosophical underpinnings, democratic justifiability, theoretical intuition, comparative institutional analysis, and political economy. Courses on the history of economic thought, which historically played a role in introducing graduate students to the complexities of the art of political economy, are now only offered as an elective. This paper argues, however, that there are still insights to be gleaned from studying the classics of political economy in graduate education. We highlight the tradeoff between theoretical cumulativeness and knowledge, arguing that significant insights from historical works of political economy are often absent in contemporary technical expositions of economics. We explore examples of useful knowledge in political economy that was lost in the transition away from the art of political economy. To remain an operationally valid social science, economists should reintroduce the artistic elements of political economy into the graduate training of economists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on academic articles from 1990 to 2021 focusing on teachers' data literacy.

Menstrual management is recognized as a critical issue for young people internationally. Relatively little published research explores issues pertaining to menstruation in school education. This paper is based on the results of an Australian survey of 5007 young women aged 13–25, which examined their experiences of menstruation and dysmenorrhea. It focuses specifically on participant qualitative responses to the question, "What do you think schools could do to better support girls during their period?" Six key themes were identified across responses. These related to sanitation; pain management; removing stigma; adequate breaks; and being considerate. The findings reported herein highlight some of the challenges menstruating young people encounter at school and give voice to their needs; these have important implications for school improvement in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publications baring falsified and fabricated images appear frequently in the primary literature. Industrialized forms of image forgery as practiced by the so-called paper mills worsen the current situation even further. Good education and awareness within the scientific society are essential to create an environment in which honesty and trust are the prime values in experimental research. Here I focus on the detection of publication fraud and provide some examples and advice. Finally, my views on the future of fraud detection and prevention are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 health crisis brought about transformations in education systems. In Chile, the ministerial authorities prioritized the school curriculum, stressing certain learning objectives over others. This paper seeks to uncover the social functions underlying curriculum prioritization for the subject of natural sciences. To do this, the functionalist approach to the sociology of education was adopted to analyse the prioritized curriculum for the subject in sixth grade elementary. Three dimensions were considered: (1) the principles of curriculum prioritization; (2) prioritized learning objectives; and (3) nonprioritized learning objectives. The presence of functions of creation (social consensus, social stratification, technical-modern development, human capital formation, and care for children and youths) was verified. As there has been no change in the curriculum that enables science education to address the current issues, the paper proposes that the social functions of science education should be resignified. Finally, examining the meritocracy and credentialism underlying the rationale for prioritization, the article finds that the social stratification attributed to education has increased rather than decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To children, nature is not only the shelter, savior, and life-maintaining force, but also the impressive world that they are involuntarily attracted to. The immense fascination with nature in children's literature shows the significance of such a relation. This paper seeks to examine two plays for children that deal with the relation between young girls and nature: Baba Yaga and the Black Sunflower (2000) by Carol Korty and The Girl Who Swallowed a Cactus (2020) by Eric Coble. Both plays do not merely highlight the importance of nature and the natural world, but also emphasize the relentless attempts of young girls to protect nature and reconcile with its inhabitants. The protagonists in both plays emerge as the central driving force; they embark on a journey to the natural world in which they find peace, understand the value of nature, and, finally, save the natural and the human world as well. Drawing upon ecofeminism, the paper aims to examine both plays as ecofeminist texts through analyzing the young girls' perception of the injustice done to the natural world and its dwellers, and their journeys that end with the reconciliation with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding what contributes to improving a system will help us tackle the problems in education systems that usually fail disproportionately in providing quality education for all, especially for the most disadvantage sectors of the population. This paper presents the results of a qualitative systematic literature review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of what education research can say about the factors that promote education systems' improvement. This literature is emerging as a topic of empirical research that merges comparative education and school effectiveness studies as standardized assessments make it possible to compare results across systems and time. To examine and synthesize the papers included in this review we followed a thematic analysis approach. We identify, analyze, and report patterns in the papers included in this systematic review. From the coding process, four drivers for system improvement emerged: (1) system-wide approaches; (2) human capital; (3) governance and macro–micro level bridges; and (4) availability of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English anatomical terminology has evolved over the long history of anatomical practice, with major influences from ancient Greek, classical Latin, Arabic, and post-classical Latin. Beginning in the nineteenth century, there have been various attempts to standardise and rationalise anatomical language, beginning in 1887, and culminating in the publication in 2019 of the second edition of the Terminologia Anatomica. This paper presents a brief historical overview of the development of anatomical terminology and usage in English, followed by a summary of the results of an anonymised survey of current practices that was sent out by email to anatomy educators at 45 medical schools in the United Kingdom. This is followed by personal reflections by six senior academics and/or clinicians, reviewing their extensive experience of teaching, researching, and communicating the language of anatomy within United Kingdom medical and clinical institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the interpretation and creation of human language in the rapidly developing field of computerized language processing. These models, which are based on deep learning techniques like transformer architectures, have been painstakingly trained on massive text datasets. This study paper takes an in-depth look into LLMs, including their architecture, historical evolution, and applications in education, healthcare, and finance sector. LLMs provide logical replies by interpreting complicated verbal patterns, making them beneficial in a variety of real-world scenarios. Their development and implementation, however, raise ethical concerns and have societal ramifications. Understanding the importance and limitations of LLMs is critical for guiding future research and ensuring the ethical use of their enormous potential. This survey exposes the influence of these models as they change, providing a roadmap for researchers, developers, and policymakers navigating the world of artificial intelligence and language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature shows that a ban on child labour may be self-enforcing under the extreme assumption that, above the subsistence level, no amount of consumption can compensate parents for the disutility of child labour. The present paper shows that a partial ban may be self-enforcing also in a more general model where education is an alternative to work, and the disutility of child labour can be compensated by higher present consumption or future income, but a total ban may not. It also shows that, in the absence of informational asymmetries, child labour can be eliminated and a first best achieved if the ban is combined with a credit-backed policy including a subsidy to parents, and a tax on skilled adults. A first best is out of reach if the use children make of their time when they are neither at school, nor working in the labour market is private information, because the policy maker then faces an incentive-compatibility constraint. The second-best policy reduces child labour, but not to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers frequently use humour, but it is unclear how this affects the academic experiences and psychosocial development of students. There is sparsity in the literature regarding the impact of teachers’ humour on adolescent students. Teachers and the use of humour in the classroom have the potential to foster healthy development of social and academic skills during this key formative stage of maturation, but equally may be detrimental. This scoping review aimed to determine how and why teachers used humour in the classrooms of students aged 11-18, and the effect humour may have on students’ educational experiences. The Joanna Briggs methodological framework and PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist were used. The narrative synthesis generated six themes from 43 empirical papers. Many studies have considered humour as a single construct, reporting improved classroom management and students’ learning processes. However, other reports have suggested that humour use could lead to a loss of class control and for important information to be lost. Studies considering specific humour styles have identified affiliative humour as increasing engagement in deeper thinking. However, aggressive and course-related humour have reported mixed effects on educational experiences. This review identifies the humour styles and sub-styles reported in the sparse literature. It also highlights the lack of a comprehensive humour styles measure that adequately captures humour use and perceptions in teachers of adolescents and, importantly, how teachers’ humour is perceived by this population. Such a tool is vital to enable understanding of how teaching humour styles may directly affect adolescents’ educational experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive modelling in the education domain can be utilised to significantly improve teaching and learning experiences. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) generate a large volume of data that can be exploited to predict and evaluate student performance based on various factors. This paper has two broad aims. Firstly, to develop and tune several Machine Learning (ML) models to perform classification tasks on the dataset to predict student performance, including Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Random Forests, K-Nearest Neighbours, and more. Secondly, to evaluate the efficacy of these ML models and identify those which are best suited to this task. The categories of data utilised in achieving these aims include (i) demographic information, (ii) academic background, and (iii) interaction with MOOC course materials. The research procedure comprises five phases: data exploration to analyse the dataset, feature engineering which involves discerning the most important features and converting them into a format decipherable by the ML models, model building, model evaluation by measurement of accuracy, and subsequent comparative evaluation between the different models. The results achieved in this study are expected to have implications on how MOOC platforms utilise data to improve user experience. As indicated by the findings of this study, the data collected by these platforms may be used to predict performance with accuracy of over 77%; this extracted information can be exploited to enhance educational theory or practices in the context of MOOCs, for instance by implementing varying teaching methodologies or providing different types of resources based on predicted performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the impact, trends, and impact levels of factors affecting Pediculus capitis infestation in primary school students. Subject and methods: Among the papers reviewed, 226 were selected, as they contained information that suited the study objectives. Results: The factors whose trends have higher gradients have a higher impact on the infestation level. In order of impact, the gradients of hair washing frequency, health instructor involvement, bathing frequency, mother's and father's education, existence of bathing facility, family size, hairstyle, and family income trends are higher than hair length, and age and education trends. As a result, the factor impacts are diminished from the beginning to the end. The importance of the family size, father's and mother's education, bathing facility existence, health instructor involvement, and bathing and hair washing frequency factors, whose trends increased over time, is higher than family income, hairstyle and length, and age and education, whose trends remained constant or decreased. Based on the gradient of the factor level impact trends, it seems that hair washing frequency, father's and mother's education, and health instructor involvement are the factors with the greatest effects on infestation level, in that order. These are followed by the influence of family income and size, and hairstyle factors. The existence of bathing facilities, bathing frequency, hair length, and education factors have weaker effects. Conclusion: This work provides the importance and impact levels of factors affecting Pediculus capitis infestation levels in primary school students, which will help meet the needs of policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I try to 'rethink' consistency as an educational quality for the 3rd millennium, following Italo Calvino's choice to take it up in his lecture series Memos for the Next Millennium, and despite the fact that the (final) lecture devoted to this quality remained unwritten. After reflecting on how consistency already plays a certain role in Calvino's other lectures, I expand on the specific educational implications of this role's unresolved ambivalence, in order to argue that this ambivalence, properly understood, might be fully constitutive of the educational significance of consistency. To achieve such an understanding I turn to Gilles Deleuze and his concept of style as a 'practice' of consistency. Not only does a stylistic understanding of consistency offer interesting possibilities for a more constructive approach to the said ambivalence—between consistency as static stability and dynamic keeping-together- but as such it also speaks to a number of issues that are directly and fundamentally educational in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The students' assessment regarding collaborative learning and workgroups is being reported as one of the main concerns in higher education. The increased technological evolution leads to adapting novel self and peer assessment methods to e-assessment. This paper reports the results of a study to evaluate students' opinion about their experience with an e-assessment tool, WebAVALIA, and its assessment criteria. The results indicate that students (N = 359) consider the tool fair, and it increases the productivity regarding work development. Kruskal-Wallis tests show that the students recently considered WebAVALIA fairer and more straightforward. Quickness and anonymity are also identified as tool advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of education on tax evasion. This study proposes a theoretical model, in which an agent can choose to allocate his labor effort between two production technologies. Higher levels of education lead to more skilled and specialized workers, and the tax authority can observe the use of advanced tools and equipment. The main result is that an increase in the general level of education leads to a labor effort substitution effect, showing that higher education can reduce tax evasion and the size of the shadow economy. Both static and dynamic estimation techniques are employed to test the theoretical findings, using a sample of 133 countries, over the period 2001–2020. The empirical analysis confirms the significant negative association between education and shadow economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conspiracy theories are everywhere, spreading like infectious diseases within and across countries. The rise of conspiracy-mongers is not just a nuisance, but a serious threat to political and economic stability. This paper provides an empirical analysis of cross-country differences in economic, institutional, and political factors attracting people to conspiracy theories, using nationally representative surveys conducted in 27 advanced and developing countries over the period 2018–2021. I find that conspiratorial thinking is more common in countries with lower level of income and higher levels of unemployment and income inequality. However, the most important socioeconomic factor in determining the popularity of conspiracy theories is educational attainments. Conspiratorial mentality is far more prevalent in countries with lower levels of tertiary education. I also find that institutions—as measured by bureaucratic quality and corruption—are important in drawing people away and to conspiracy theories. Finally, while internal conflict and tensions are not concomitant to conspiracy ideation, external conflict and the risk of terrorism are positively associated with the popularity of conspiratorial attitudes across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of an innovative augmented reality application for evaluating clamping concepts through visualizing the finite element analysis. The focus is on transforming the traditional simulation results into immersive, holographic displays, enabling users to experience and assess finite element analysis in three dimensions. The application development process involves data processing by MATLAB, visualization in the software Unity, and displaying holograms through Microsoft's Hololens2. The most significant advancement introduces a new algorithm for rendering different finite elements in Unity. The application targets not only university engineering students but also vocational students with limited background in finite element analysis and machining, aiming to make the learning process more interactive and engaging. It was tested in a real machining environment, demonstrating its technical feasibility and potential in engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since social media is increasingly pervasive in modern society, this bibliometric study aims to investigate its educational applications. Using the Scopus database, the bibliometric method analyses publications published between 2010 and 2022. The research indicates that student participation and ease of access are the two main benefits of using social media in the classroom. However, it also spreads misinformation and poses privacy and security risks. Articles that discussed how social media could be used in the classroom were found and organised using a bibliometric analysis based on their subject matter, year of publication, and authors. The research shows that between 2001 and 2020, there was a rise in the number of papers discussing the use of social media in the classroom. In addition, the top five countries in terms of annual publication output include the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia/India, and Canada. To further explore the connections between relevant articles, a co-citation network analysis was performed. Therefore, there must be strict rules and policies for using social media in education to address privacy and security concerns and the spread of false information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The recent development and approval of new diagnostic imaging and therapy approaches in the field of theranostics have revolutionised nuclear medicine practice. To ensure the provision of these new imaging and therapy approaches in a safe and high-quality manner, training of nuclear medicine physicians and qualified specialists is paramount. This is required for trainees who are learning theranostics practice, and for ensuring minimum standards for knowledge and competency in existing practising specialists. Methods: To address the need for a training curriculum in theranostics that would be utilised at a global level, a Consultancy Meeting was held at the IAEA in May 2023, with participation by experts in radiopharmaceutical therapy and theranostics including representatives of major international organisations relevant to theranostics practice. Results: Through extensive discussions and review of existing curriculum and guidelines, a harmonised training program for theranostics was developed, which aims to ensure safe and high quality theranostics practice in all countries. Conclusion: The guiding principles for theranostics training outlined in this paper have immediate relevance for the safe and effective practice of theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the current lack of emerging technology education in both research and practice and the urgent need for preparing future generations for a digital future. Based on a two-year participatory design process with Danish researchers and pioneer teachers, the article presents outcomes on the collaborative development of interdisciplinary teaching and learning practices for K-12 education, and the professional development that the process spurred within the teachers' community. The findings indicate that the participatory process became a catalyst for the development of meaningful teaching activities, a community of practice, and the shaping of a common future educational agenda. Furthermore, the results showed how the approach supported teachers' transformation from active co-designers into change agents for future emerging technology education. Based on an exemplary case, the article demonstrates how participatory design with teachers can support the development of new sustainable practices and communities for emerging technology in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation is a complex intellectual skill essential for academic achievement in a range of scholarly disciplines. Argumentative writing demands effective coordination of language use, reasoning processes, and background knowledge about a given topic. It is a cognitively challenging activity, especially for students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The Dialectical Map (DMap) is an open-source argument visualization tool that scaffolds argument analysis, evaluation, and construction. A quasi-experiment was conducted with 190 undergraduate EFL students to investigate the pedagogical value of DMapping as a pre-writing activity. The research also explored the effect of DMapping on student motivation in learning argumentation. We found the DMap functioned as an effective pre-writing tool for argumentative writing and promoted transfer of argumentation skills. DMapping facilitated more balanced arguments, and students reported positive experiences and attitudes toward learning argumentation with the DMap. This paper concludes with implications and future research directions for using the DMap as a cognitive tool to foster meaningful learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role does education play in economic growth? Conventional wisdom and macroeconomic theories posit that as a nation becomes more educated, they become wealthier. The basic argument says a more educated populace is more productive (i.e. the quality of human capital increases) thereby increasing economic output. However, the majority of empirical work done on this topic has not found a strong relationship between education and economic growth. The purpose of this paper will be to identify where this body of research went wrong and offer theoretical insights ignored by this literature based in market-process theory tradition. It will draw upon an existing body of research (both empirical and theoretical) that fits within this theoretical paradigm as well as suggest a path forward for researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is able to emulate human performance on a task and may improve the radiologists' work. This text and opinion review explored the implementation of AI in diagnostic radiology education curricula at pre-licensure training/education in healthcare. The question was: what are the pedagogical possibilities, advantages and challenges of AI use in diagnostic radiology education? Methods: Primary research studies, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, texts, expert opinions, expert consensus, discussion papers and guidelines about diagnostic radiology education at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of any field of health sciences were considered. Searches were conducted on indexed databases and grey literature. Data on the context, potentials and challenges were collected from the text and opinion papers and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers was applied to assess methodological quality. From the experience papers, intervention, experiences and results were extracted parameters and an adapted JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports was applied. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Personalization, training facilities and the standardization of radiology teaching were the main potentials identified. Five main challenges were also observed: the validation of AI tools in radiology education, the learning curve, universities' aptitude to teach AI, the digitization of radiological images and how to include AI in radiology curricula. Conclusion: The necessity to update radiology curricula to include AI is a consensus. Time is required for development of the learning curve among AI developers, teachers and trainees. When and to what extent AI should be taught in radiology courses needs further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wide use of the term Cognitive Reserve (CR) is in need of a clear and shared definition of its concept and of the development of new tools, quick and easy to use and updated for the people of today. This study describes the online short CRIq (s-CRIq), the new shorter version of the CRIq, following an item analysis revision, and compares the data distribution of different samples. Methods: The s-CRIq was administered online to 435 people while another 440 filled out the s-CRIq in self-administration. A further 588 participants had been administered the original paper-and-pencil long CRIq and 344 the online long CRIq. Results: The major difference in the databases of s-CRIq versus the long versions is an increased score in education and in leisure activity. However, the density distributions of the total score of CRI in the 4 databases share 64% of their areas, and at least two of them share 84%. Conclusion: The s-CRIq proved to be a simple and easy-to-administer tool. Similarly, to the original version, the s-CRIq is freely available on the web, and it is our hope that it will be of fruitful use for researchers and clinicians alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Effective treatments for familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) offer patients the opportunity of normal life expectancy, but lifelong adherence to both lipid-lowering therapies and lifestyle measures is challenging, and thus, this is rarely achieved. The aim of this systematic review is to identify attributes of educational interventions that promote adherence to treatment in FH. A systematic literature search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, HMIC and Embase. Papers were included based upon pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria; the quality of each included paper was assessed using the MERSQI scoring system. Relevant data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was created. Six relevant studies of varying methodological quality were found amongst 2963 papers identified during the search. In total, there were 619 patients with FH in the intervention arm of the relevant studies. All six studies showed a positive effect of education on adherence to FH treatment; however, only two papers observed a statistically significant effect. Assessment was limited to the short-term. Four themes were identified as important when using education to improve treatment adherence: involving family, patient empowerment, practical problem solving and use of information leaflets. Educational interventions improve short term treatment adherence in patients with FH. Successful interventions are those that involve the whole family, set practical problem solving tasks, and that use techniques to increase the patients self-efficacy. This should all be supported by contemporaneous provision of written, age-appropriate information. There were no studies looking at education and long-term adherence in FH patients, and more research is needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the spatial heterogeneity in the human capital potential of Indonesia's next generation by constructing and analyzing sub-national human capital indices (HCI) for 34 provinces and 514 districts in Indonesia. The paper identifies data and methodological constraints in the construction of these sub-national indices and proposes and implements strategies to overcome these challenges. Several interesting findings emerge from the analysis. First, Indonesian's young generation can only achieve 53% of their future productivity relative to the full benchmark of health and education. Second, the variation in aggregate human capital potential across space in Indonesia is staggering: some parts of country are almost at par with countries like Vietnam and China while others have human capital levels that are comparable to Chad, Niger, and Sierra Leone. Third, differences in learning outcomes as measured by harmonized test scores account for the largest share of the variation in human capital across Indonesia, suggesting that the challenge of providing quality education remains one of the most important obstacles to equalizing opportunities for the next generation of Indonesians. And fourth, the correlation between government spending and performance on HCI at the district level appears rather weak, reinforcing conclusions reached by other recent studies that have highlighted the importance of focusing on the quality of spending. Finally, this paper also shows that Indonesia's human capital registered a modest improvement from 0.50 in 2013 to 0.53 in 2018 with stronger progress observed among the already top performing provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information systems are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI). However, AI can be tricked into misbehaving, showing bias, or committing abuse. The root causes of these errors and uncertainties can be hidden away while parallelizing AI algorithms on high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. The project outlined in this paper aims to use artificial intelligence from the ground up to generate teaching materials and curricula for student-teachers. Students embark on a journey of discovery, taking calculated risks in a learning environment. The main purpose of this document is to present the primary research results of the two-year pilot project. A secondary purpose of this paper is to disseminate information about this exciting endeavor to encourage like-minded educators and researchers to participate in this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]