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In the world of today, receiving complaints or feedback has become fundamental for an organization aiming to improve the quality of its products or services. Similarly, public complaints must be addressed to improve government service. There is no direct or effective channel for citizens in India to address issues with the government. Later, the government launched applications for registering complaints to make the public's job easier. However, there are some issues related to those applications' equity, i.e., the difficulty faced by the rural community and uncivilized people in using those applications. This paper proposes a smart microphonic grievance system that will allow people to register complaints orally, automatically classify them, and forward them to the appropriate sector. The test results demonstrate that this system can reduce the time and process for filing complaints and that it can be used by a diverse group of individuals in society. Overall, this system is a valuable solution for improving complaint management and addressing the unique needs of rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing field in India that can assist farmers in many ways is the identification of plant diseases. Plant disease reduces the mass production in agriculture. Every time due to heavy loss in agriculture, farmers face many challenges to raise up their needs. This study analyzes various diseases that affect various plants due to the following criteria like environmental condition, types of plant formed from Monocot and Dicot family, crop rotation and Ph value of the soil. The existing system analyzed the diseases based on one of the criteria. Although the strategy is to be followed to identify plant diseases at the early stage with various aspects so that the production in agriculture could be increased. The majority of machine learning algorithms already exist and may be improved upon to yield more accuracy. Xanthomonas wilt, Black and Yellow Sigatoka, Bunchy Top Virus, Black Sigatoka, Fusarium wilt, Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), Cassava Brown Steak Disease (CBSD), Cassava Green Mite (CGM), and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), Yellow vein mosaic virus, and Powdery Mildew are a few of the diseases of the plants grown on crop rotation which are the subject of study of this paper. Plant illnesses are classified according to disease in the many open-source datasets that are accessible. For deeper understanding, we have provided a list of references. Here, we've examined the approaches that are now in use for automatically detecting various diseases of plant leaves. We present an approach for accurately identifying early signs of plant diseases from a variety of perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting system plays an important role in any democratic country. Vote means to elect the best political pioneer. In India, currently two types of voting systems are depleted, which are secret Ballet paper and Electronic Voting Machines(EVM), but both of them have severalrestrains. The current voting system is jeopardizing, voters visits poolingbooth and stand in long line up to cast their votes, because of which there are possibilities that many people miss their chance of voting. Additionally, social gathering isn't much preferred in this COVID-19 situation. Voters who are ineligible may also use fraudulent methods to cast their ballots, which may result in hardship. Therefore, in this project, we suggest a voting system that is efficient and has three layers of security. The verification of the voter's unique identification number (UID) comes first, then the verification of their election identification number (EID), and finally the verification of their face, which is the highest level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the role of entrepreneurship education and training amongst women entrepreneurs to promote agritourism sector of the Indian economy. This study employ qualitative and quantitative approaches to gather data questionnaires survey and in-depth face to face interviews, based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The research involved a matched sample of 10 registered farmers (from the Punjab Heritage Tourism Promotion Board) and 200 unregistered male and female farmers selected randomly from the Indian State of Punjab. Quantitative analysis suggests that there is a direct and significant impact of EET on the management, efficiency, and use of farming land. The findings also suggested that the fall in the agricultural productivity due to labour shortages; revenue losses are rising as commodity prices are falling. Therefore, it is not a surprise that farmers seek to supplement income through alternative means to enhance their socio-economic stability and viability. The findings suggest that there is high incidence of migration amongst male farming population and female farmers lack EET and reluctance on their part to work with external male population. However, analysis of male owner-managers of micro and small agritourist firms also reported to have lower levels of EET and hence the need for EET male and females; thus, EET and adequate access to finance were two major determinants of agritourist firms' success in Indian Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart disease is one of the fatal human diseases that cause sudden death, and the ratio of deaths has been rapidly increasing globally in both developed and developing countries in recent days. As per the record of World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 18 million people face death every year as a result of heart disease. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a type of illness in which the heart fails to supply adequate blood to all parts of the body for normal function. Heart disease and CADs have emerged as the most life-threatening problem which occurs not only in India but also worldwide, and this is the cause of the large number of deaths. Early detection and diagnosis of heart problems is critical for preventing death and saving patients' lives. The traditional method of predicting heart problems is ineffective. As a result, it is critical to accurately identify the problem at an early stage. In recent days Machine learning plays a vital role in identifying patients with heart disease. This paper discusses about the various techniques involved in interpreting ECG signal and its issues. Also, the various machine learning methods which are applied so for from the various paper for the classification of Heart problem is clearly narrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic accidents are among the sad events that cause great loss. In India, it has become a big problem because it has claimed the lives of innocent people. Road accident control has become an important task. One of the reasons behind the project is to prevent the increasing number of road accidents caused by speeding in prone areas. This study examines how we detect speeding vehicles and their license plate number. Vehicle speed detection and tracking contribute significantly to citizen safety by preventing many accidents. This module is essential in traffic monitoring, where traffic efficiency and citizen safety are the main concerns. In this study, we discuss possible ways to find a car, track its speed, and detect license plates. Various studies and research papers on speed detection were done before and can be found on the internet. The proposed approach broadly includes the steps such as plate contouring, finding date and time stamp, location detection, speed calculation, and reporting to the authorities. This paper aims to monitor the speed of vehicles to prevent accidents and reduce the impact in the event of an accident. This project proposes a modern and effective method for detecting and reporting illegal speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goods and Service Tax (GST) is the growing field of research which is not fully explored due to its recent implementation. Many researchers have explored on different areas of GST. However, as it a new topic in the area of indirect taxation it lacks systematization. Many earlier studies have no consensus on perception of taxpayers about GST and influencing factors of perception on GST implementation. Therefore this paper conducts systematic literature review to map relevant studies on Perception of Tax Payers towards GST and consolidate the reviewed studies and thus combine the findings to get answers to the research question. 126 research papers were identified, screened and ultimately refined for final review study. Thus, a total of 38 research papers were included in the SLR (systematic literature review). Researchers analyzed 38 relevant papers and frequency analysis is done to identify factors, theories, methodology, sample size periodicity of study and suggestions for improving perception. The findings show that awareness and tax knowledge are most important factors to get positive perception on GST. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and conceptual models have been constructed for making studies on GST perception. Mostly Quantitative studies are conducted in this research area. The studies suggested correct policy framing and programs to educate the public are likely to increase positive perception about GST implementation. Thus this paper is useful to the government to make policy changes and thus making the GST implementation successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper deals with sufferings of lower-caste people. It brings out the logical consequence of an oppression and domination of a man. It finds the presentment of 'India's Darkness and India's Light'. It presents how a chauffeur breakdown the Rooster Coop. It shows the anticipation of Balram about his master. It presents how a poor man emerges as a successful entrepreneur. It describes the title's symbolization. This paper represents India as an emerging entrepreneurial power in the modern days. This paper employs that the class conflict and how the deprived one's struggle for achieving a right position in the world. It also explains that the oppressors change from place to place but the sufferings of the oppressed class never change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a brief summary of some linguistic characteristics of Lambada language. Lambada is a nomadic tribal language spoken by many speakers in India. Most of the linguistic features of Lambada are similar to those of various Indo-Aryan Languages like Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, and Rajasthani etc. In spite of the massive borrowing of lexical items, Lambada has retained several linguistic features that are not found in other Indo-Aryan Languages. This paper attempts to look at various basic linguistic features of Lambada language such as speech sounds of Lambada, phonological processes and grammatical features in a brief note. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kerala is a small, ocean-facing state in South India and has been home to several ancient civilizations in the past. The yesteryears have rewarded the state with great cultural heritage, monuments, historic artifacts and the like. Palm leaf manuscript is one such antiquity. Before paper became common, palm leaf was the medium for writing in Kerala. Such manuscripts capture the glory of our past and deals with different domains such as arts, astrology, medicine, science, religion and spirituality. Palm leaf manuscripts have value both as a cultural asset and as a knowledge repository. Palm leaf manuscripts are organic and degrades with age. The environmental conditions can also accelerate its degradation. A viable solution in preserving the knowledge contained in these manuscripts is Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR). Digitized manuscripts have infinite life. Character recognition in Indian languages, including Malayalam, is considered a complex process mainly due to the size of character set, the similarity of characters and the presence of compound characters. This paper surveys existing works in the field of HCR relevant to Malayalam palm leaf manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India currently has the world's second-largest startup ecosystem. One of the most crucial ways to handle the urgent problems facing humanity is through startups, as they are able to come up with answers and react to problems faster than other organizations. Incubators are becoming more prevalent, and young people's enduring inclination to establish their own companies is another factor propelling early-stage startups and entrepreneurship in India. While startup claims to be able to transform the world are sometimes overblown, successful businesses may make a big difference in the world. Over the past 20 years, India's view of startups has changed dramatically, moving from a specialized business to a thriving ecosystem that has fueled the nation's economic growth and elevated its prominence abroad. India's market has a wide spectrum of wants and aspirations because of its huge and youthful population as well as its expanding middle class. The youth talent pool in India has been crucial in fostering innovation and accelerating economic expansion. India has developed into a hub for logistics, cars, and IT, which encourages start-ups. The objective of this paper is to analyse the current expansion and advancement of Indian startups. This research is based on the secondary data available through various journals and reports. The Government of India as well as State Governments have provided a strong support to the start-ups as it has a proven track record of employment generation which help to tackle the increasing unemployment in India. It is hoped that in times to come Indian Start-ups will scale high and will provide leadership to the developing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 75 years have passed since India got independence. However, the sustainable development and higher education rates of some castes and tribes in India are disappointing. It is a matter of concern that some backward tribes are today struggling to achieve their sustainable development and increase the rate of higher education. In this research paper, India's sustainable development and Indian knowledge system has been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study about COVID-19 cases in India to analyze and visualize the spread of COVID-19 cases in INDIA. For the analysis, the concept Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and some well know prediction models like Prophet Model, ARIMA Light GBM, Random Forest Regressor, XGBoost Regressor have been used to get the correct analyzed result. Furthermore, it has been observed that these prediction models and tools are helpful to analyze and visualize the COVID-19 situation in India and reason to spread it in optimal ways. Here, Matplotlib library has also been used to show the proper output in the form of graphs and charts. Analysis has been done on different Age/Gender Group. The Spike of Cases in India, State-wise Insights, the reason for the spread of COVID 19 cases. So, the main objective of this paper is to do analysis to know the reasonforCOVID-19 cases in India, State-wise Insight and State-Wise Testing, Prediction. To understand the optimal result of growth factors, the concept of Prophet Model ARIMA, LightGBM, Random Forest Regressor, XGBoost Regressor have been used on the data set. In addition, the data set includes the parameters of Age Group, Spike of Cases and Testing in India. From the literature survey, it has been observed that authors have used two and three techniques to analyze the result, but they have not used the methods we stated earlier for optimal result. This paper will provide the State-wise Insight and State-Wise Testing going in India with reason for spreading of COVID-19 cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel has been widely used & accepted all over India in various sectors. The primary goal of this study is to learn more about steel production and industry growth in India, which has a significant impact on the Indian economy, accounting for around 2% of GDP. The paper briefly discusses steel demands, steel consumption & production rate, etc. The paper explores the background and history of the steel industry, as well as its development over time, such as the establishment of TISCO industries, SAIL, and other factors that contributed to India becoming the world's second-largest steel manufacturer with 111 crude steel MT production. The paper also considers the government initiative scheme & policies (National rail plan, Bharatmala scheme, Jal Jeevan, etc.) with their objective to improve the production & demands of steel. The paper provides a detailed review & vision of the National steel policy of 2017. This paper includes NSP 2017 goals & objective, which gives governments the expectation of reaching 300 MT of finished steel production in 2030-31. The paper also discusses the impact of steel on the infrastructure & construction industry, which consumes a larger portion of steel around 45-62% of total steel. This paper also provides a glimpse of the position of the Indian steel industry after the covid-19 pandemic (shows exports of steel have been grown by 22%) & sector-wise demand for steel. The problems that come along with the development of steel industries like CO2 emission (6.2% of total), waste generation & energy consumption (25% of total) have been also addressed in this paper. In this paper, an attempt has been made by the author to concisely review & explain steel industry growth over the years, the current scenario of the steel industry & its future aspiration through the various researcher reports & outcomes. In this paper, the outcome of the results has been briefly evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very common part of discussion that normal structures lag behind in terms of energy saving and its corresponding impacts on environment. This drives research to show implementation of common solutions and concepts that can be easily applied by majority of individuals to fulfill sustainable and self-sufficient goals to lead to a better habitat to live in. The aim of paper is to explore proper application of most common and most essential cost-effective design solutions to make structure following a step towards self-sufficient in itself. The paper has emphasized on quantitative and mathematical approach of study generating owns secondary data, from various research papers that are based upon similar background aspects. The value analyzed for solar panel tilt should range from 20o-30o for maximum efficiency, similarly distance between panels should be 1m-1.6m and horizontal shading device and vertical shading device should have at least depth of 450mm and 700mm respectively. The study is limited to a particular climate and region. i.e., Northeast region of India and focuses only upon most critical parameters. This paper will provide new directions for self-sufficiency in structures, which will further add values to the domain of architecture and civil engineering. Further, new areas of research can be application of new design alternatives for self-sufficiency, with respect to several other climatic conditions and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in data from modern sources, the heterogeneous nature of data, ambiguous and unstructured data, and the so-called Big Data with all of its five v's characteristics, indicate a growing need to use approaches that provide assistance in modeling and processing these data, provide additional automated data processing, and so on. The majority of all these studies involve one or more big data sets that may be used in various applications. Most of these selected papers use one or more distributed frameworks (such as MapReduce, Spark, or HDFS Hadoop distributed file systems). Furthermore, more than one strategy of Web mining is dealt with (such as Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest, as examples) more than recommender system types (collaborative filtering, or/and content-based filtering). Various data sets were used (such as Movie Lens data set, LDOSCoMoDa data set, real bank loans dataset, using Facebook and Twitter for collecting data, data was taken across different companies, thousands of movies were used as exemplary data sets, or data sets used a sample data from different schools of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) across India). Testing accuracy on the dataset obtained is required in the accuracy used (precision and recall). The best precision was 0.9886 and the best recall was 0.9835 in these studies. We have displayed some studies that have high precision and low recall and some other studies that have low precision and high recall. This paper introduces a literature survey about recommender systems that deal with big data through web mining techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of success of rural countries like India. In this way, the proposed procedure is to utilize mechanization and web of thing (IoT) innovation to form agribusiness smart. There are currently several commercial IoT frameworks for water system planning that create differentiators for water monitoring and storage. However, this framework focuses on exploiting newly available water resources without controlling the selected water resources. Think about it, an inexpensive Arduino-based IoT framework was developed to design a computerized water system, and it will provide estimation of water requirements by using low-cost available sensors. This paper is around IOT based keen cultivating and water structure framework. The extreme motivation of this paper is to computerize the method of watering to plants. This work makes a difference us to notice the values of different parameters like moisture, temperature, humidity of plants and water them appropriately. This can be done utilizing Arduino board, voltage controller and transfer which commands the engine. In this paper, we have created an brilliantly water system framework that will control the water apportioning to the trim intelligently without any administrator and endeavors low-cost Arduino-based water system gadgets, sensors, particularly advanced procedures actualized in water system frameworks and farming, such as shrewdly water system frameworks. The main vision of this research is to detect minimum amount of water needed to nourish plants. Mass of the ranchers waste time instead of focusing on providing water to the crops at the time of need. The proposed framework find out the desired quantity of water on the basis of information received through the sensors - The main advantage of the system is the use of precision agribusiness and cloud platforms, which can expand the water use compost, which also helps in decision making. to increase crop yields. the weather conditions of the field. This article moreover points to create the water system framework for domestic gardening and this framework can be kept up without any human checking. It consequently checks the dampness of the soil beneath the tree and plants within the domestic cultivate and in case the dampness is moo it demonstrates the message and pours water naturally to the plants from the water capacity to which it is associated. The exact utilization of water system strategy is needed as there may be a requirement of precipitation or there may be dried regions. For this cause, a mechanized water system framework is utilized in which it is appropriate in all weather conditions. The soil dampness detector will sense the water substance and demonstrate either to pump the water or not. This will offer assistance to diminish the wastage of water additionally makes a difference to grow the plants indeed in the event that the human isn't physically present. The developed IoT framework has been tested in several field tests to calculate sensor accuracy, independent monitoring and operation, and usability monitoring, and to evaluate its capabilities and functionality. This framework appears to have been used effectively for the management and control of various water resources: water, groundwater, seawater and wastewater. By extension, it has been shown that the frame can be used for long periods without a source of control, which will make it a ideal device for using in annual crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers grind away in the fields to take home just an exiguous income. Now, the agriculture industry is already a burdened industry with uncertainties from all directions. One of the major issues the industry is facing is crop loss. In India, every year around 30-40 per cent crops are lost. This has adverse effects on food security of the highly populated nation. For that matter, India is the 16th hungriest country in the world. Thus, there is a need to identify, understand and overcome agronomic losses. Extreme climate events and crop diseases are the two major reasons for crop losses. While climate events are less controllable, plant disease prevention becomes an important area of interest. Detecting plant diseases at early stages using images serves as key to preclusion of severity. In this paper, we have surveyed some of the significant papers on plant disease detection using image processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, climate change has a huge impact on the agricultural sector. It directly affects crop yield, nutritional quality and productivity. In this paper, a model is devised to correctly predict the crop yield only from past data including factors like rainfall so that appropriate measures can be taken in the future. Machine Learning is one such tool which can be used to solve this issue. Random Forest Algorithm, XGBoost and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithm are the machine learning algorithms used for crop yield prediction in this paper and the one with higher accuracy can be used for future work. Further discussion includes how much impact each factor related to crop yield has on the predicted value so an ordinary farmer can plant and take care of his crops according to it and use this model for his daily work. In doing this, modernization of the agricultural sector is made possible and a boost is given to crop yield in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in the 21st century, Technology has acquired an immense prevalence around the world which assists people with being more productive. Innovation has been spread all around the world securing outrageous importance on streams like Education, Industry, Trade as well as Agriculture. India being a critical Agriculture arranged country, it lacks on different benefits of new advancements which assist them with being more productive. Utilization of more current advancements are not found in farming fields. This paper predominantly points on making an Automatic talk bot model by applying Artificial Intelligence on the fundamental necessities of Farmers and Agriculture such as soil type, crop, environment, assessed benefit, Government advantages and Workshops conducted on giving Agricultural guidance to farmers. The bot is prepared with various sorts of inquiries. It replies to any queries or questions raised by a farmer based on the preparation dataset given. It applies Naive Bayes Algorithm to distinguish fitting response from rundown of prepared questions and even figures out how to respond to inquiries on which the bot has not been prepared and gives a response on most extreme capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is rapidly becoming a growing E-commerce destination. With the quick utilization of the web, E-commerce has been expanded with the climax. E-commerce deals with the selling and purchase of goods and services, or transportation of assets or information, mainly over the web. Presently a day's data assumes a critical part in the group. Hence, it is important to frame the information of E-commerce. In this paper, we have discussed different models of E-commerce transactions along with the information security approach of E-commerce. The approach includes the process, dimension, and security threats related to the E- commerce environment. This paper gives a comparative analysis of different E-commerce sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-wheeler vehicles are a major form of personal transport in the world and specially India, a substantial number of 2 wheelers on roads have made it difficult to monitor them correctly. This has led to carelessness from the drivers and increase in the number of accidents that can be prevented and minimized. One of the protective gears-helmet is not always worn by riders and it is tough for the traffic police to catch these violators, due to sheer size. Our project involves using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm to detect whether the riders as well as pillions are wearing the helmets so that they can be caught, and their vehicle details be sent for further processing to the traffic police. Along with the 2 wheelers, helmets are also required at construction sites, and we plan to apply the same. This paper proposes a framework for identification of motorcyclists without helmets. The application, with the help of YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once) and rigorous training gives us an accuracy of 87% true positives detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification using K Nearest Neighbor, which locates the K closest matches in training data and uses the label of closest matches to forecast the class of the text. Euclidean distance is used to find the closet matchwhich is predict the class level. The technique Bag of Words is used to find numerical values from the document in terms of text representation. An annotated corpus in Odiabased on agriculture domain collected from ILCI, Govt. of India treated as training data and the representation of that text data for finding sentiment using the concept of the feature vector made from the entire document which we have collected. The calculation of the results using KNN with tf-idf is challenging for Odia text as it low resource language. This paper presents details of result analysis with thoroughly done by experiment. Evaluation of the model is focusedon speed of the transferring text data to the proposed model and getting high accuracy rate. The result of the testing data depends on good and bad features of the algorithm and suggests for how to improve feature iteration of the same model in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India ranks second in production of cement. In order to produce one ton of cement about one ton of Co2 is released into atmosphere. As per Global Cement and Concrete Association, Cement is the third highest contributor of Green house gases in the atmosphere. In order to decrease the negative impacts of cement in the atmosphere a new type of concrete is evolved by conducting countless researches that is Geopolymer Concrete. The Amount of Cement Content in Geopolymer Concrete is null and void. Artificial Neural Networks is bough of Artificial Intelligence. It is one of the sophisticated Computed technique to prognosticate the properties of Geoploymer Concrete with minimum Percentage of error. In this paper more than 170 hunks of data gathered from the literature to train and test the data. In this study evaluated by various statistical indicators like mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). After performing ANN the statistical parameters found be 0.92, 0.934 and 0.905. which resembles that ANN outcomes are satisfactory and can be used in evaluating the properties of the Geopolymer concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of India which is diversified. Mushroom cultivation is one such farming method that not only gives promising profit to the cultivators but also provides nutritional mushrooms to the consumers. Nowadays, as the demand for the mushroom cultivation is increasing day by day, advanced technologies pave way for the farmers to improve quantity and quality along with its nutritional value of mushrooms. In this paper, pilot study has been conducted in order to extract knowledge-based inference by remotely monitoring the environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity using DHT11 sensor, CO2 using MG811 sensor, rat movement using PIR sensor and light intensity using LDR sensors are monitored through ThingSpeak cloud server to govern the appropriate actuators such as Sprinkler, LED, Humidifier, Exhaust Fan and Buzzer at the given threshold values, along with this Biological Efficiency%(BE%) has been conducted in both manually controlled mushroom and also in IoT enabled mushroom in two types of species i.e., P. florida and P.eous APK1. From the pilot study the results proves that the monitoring and automation of parameters plays a predominate role in producing the nutritious mushroom with increased Biological Efficiency % (BE%) in P.florida as 99.51% in IoT enabled cultivation whereas in manual controlled hut it is 90.99%. The proposed DCE highlights the importance of machine learning algorithm and its collaborative aspects of supervising and governing the environmental conditions in each stage of growth with appropriate actuators and Biological Efficiency %(BE%) which will play a major role in producing the most nutritious mushroom. Therefore, the proposed DCE framework will be greatly helpful for reaping highly nutrient mushrooms and it will help to increase social economic growth of self-help women and agriculturist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is one of the important cash crops in India grown on more than 9 million hectors. Like other crops this also suffers from diseases but the effect on the yield affects many livelihoods. Thus, it is necessary to detect the disease in early phase so that cure can be taken. This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for detecting diseases in cotton plants. The model implements in proposed work utilize transfer learning technique, leveraging pre-trained model that have been trained on extensive datasets. Specifically, the Resnet152v2 model serves as foundational architecture for the model, enabling accurate classification of distinct objects. In addition to Resnet152V2 base, the proposed work incorporates two supplementary dense neural network layers. These additional layers enhance the model capacity to learn complex pattern and improve its classification capabilities. With integration of transfer learning and inclusion of supplementary dense network layer, the model demonstrates its ability to effectively classify objects. In addition to Resnet152a 98.36% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cotton plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most frequent cause of natural disasters in India is tropical cyclones. Early warning, real-time monitoring, impact and damage assessment, and relief operations all depend on remote sensing and GIS. The Bay of Bengal is frequently the source of cyclones of various intensities. In this paper, the actual goal is to predicate the tropical cyclone in the tropical region of the Bay of Bengal, for that the main satellite data set is collected from the NASA data repository. The overall work is being done by using the tool MATLAB, where all machine learning classifications are applied to the data set and trained. As a result, which classifier has the highest accuracy will be considered as the best result. The primary goal of this research is to forecast cyclones using day-by-day satellite data of coastal regions and a variety of weather factors. The objective of this work is threefold. First to design a model to reduce the dependency on a single classification technique, secondly to avoid the over-fitting of data, as well as to improve the accuracy of the prediction. Two number of steps in collective learning: Multiple machine learning models created using the same or different machine learning algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project Management Information System (PMIS) is a digital platform for collecting various types of data, recording, storing, and disseminating it for various construction processes for the smooth functioning of a construction enterprise or project. In today's scenario, PMIS in the civil engineering industry is not widely known in India due to a lack of proper guidance, application methods, and knowledge about the advantages of effective management systems and control over a project, both in terms of personnel and material. PMIS in the construction industry can help in various ways, such as real-time tracking of a project, risk elimination, handling human resources, procurement, cost reduction, and maintaining the standard quality of a project in a given time period with a proportional cost index. In this paper, through a design thinking approach, an economical PMIS for MCE's (Micro-construction Enterprises) is proposed for design and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of the workforce is paramount in the construction sector. The provision of the safety policy, safety assurance, safety risk management, and safety promotion were to be used to manage the workers' safety on the job site. By providing the workers with the ensured safety management measures. The riskiest tasks, such as working at heights on structures, must be adequately managed in terms of safety. Following the safety management policy, the primary thing to deploy at the time of execution was the planning. By conducting a study and survey, it will be possible to update significant safety management policies. Through this survey, we learn that every project adheres to the fundamental safety guidelines set forth by the OHSA. This study led us to the conclusion that small businesses who cannot afford the costs of projects do not adhere to safety management procedures and do not have a safety management strategy in place for their projects. The projects now under construction in India are adhering to a safety management strategy that might assist the workers should a fatality occur. All current projects adhere completely to the labor laws established in India at every firm. Conclusion drawn from this survey is the execution of the safety management strategy results in no fatalities or accidents. The sort of employees that require the greatest training will also be supported by this research, which improves conversations about worker safety and training requirements on elevated building sites and urban areas. In addition to improving worker productivity and the plant's economics, the paper will raise the facility's worth and help the utility build a strong demand in construction sector and measured by using SPSS software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation and alteration of waterbodies globally have been occurring at an alarming rate, surpassing the pace of their restoration efforts. Brari Nambal Lagoon is an important waterbody located in the Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lagoon is a shallow, fresh water body that supports a variety of aquatic plants and animals and is a source of water for the surrounding communities. However, the water quality of the lagoon has deteriorated due to anthropogenic activities such as pollution from agricultural runoff, domestic sewage and industrial effluents. The physico-chemical properties of the lagoon provide evidence of the significant changes in water quality that have occurred since the early 1980's. A noticeable decline in dissolved oxygen levels has been observed, indicating a shift in the lagoon's ecosystem. In addition, the concentrations of harmful substances such as phosphates have increased, suggesting anthropogenic activities are contributing to the lake's degradation. This review paper also gives insights about the trophic status of the lagoon by reviewing the different techniques to assess the condition of the lagoon and the need for effective measures to improve and protect the water quality of lagoon to ensure the sustainability of the surrounding communities and ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investments in Mutual Funds are rapidly increasing in India since last two decades. The investments made in open-ended mutual funds are comparably more than close-end mutual funds. The retail investors in India who are in position take risk on their investment are preferring open-ended equity mutual fund schemes. Open-ended equity mutual funds are the financial instruments and the performance of these funds are largely depending on Market fluctuations. The open-ended equity mutual fund schemes are risky investments compare to other forms mutual funds. These funds returns are based on the risk-taking ability of investors and bring the more returns to the investors in long run as compared to debt funds. The performance of open-ended mutual fund schemes is volatile in nature and majority of the fund depending on company and industry growth and the returns of the funds will give different benefits for short term and long-term investors. The present paper analyses the performance of select Indian open-ended equity mutual fund schemes and also analyse the risk and returns characteristics funds for select time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking sector in India is one of the most important sector playing an important role in growth of Indian economy. After the liberalization the role of banks is increased to provide monetary services to entrepreneurs, customers and common people. Banking sector operations are increased due to growth of industrialization. The rapid growth in industrialization encouraged both public and private sector banks to expand their services to meet requirements of bank customers. The performance of banks is measured based on performance indicators like ROA (Return on Assets), ROE (Return on Equity) and NIM (Net Interest Margin). The said three factors are the key bank performance indicators to assess the concern bank performance. The ROA, ROE and NIM are most important factors in measuring the bank performance and the growth of any commercial banks is largely depends on these three financial ratios. The growth of ROA is very important for any bank to increase their assets in long run, ROE is concern with market movements and it is influenced by the different market conditions linking to banking sectors. NIM is very important to increase the internal operation efficiency of bank and to improve the liquidity and profitability conditions in banks. The current paper emphasizes on key performance indicators of select public and private banks and compare their performances and analysed the factors influencing the key performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology revolutionized education system. Knowledge now could spread to the remote corners of the country. It caters to the needs of many and the best part is, it is not time bound and has no time limits to the knowledge inputs. A little awareness of operating the gadgets will help to browse and explore the world of knowledge. The use of mobile phone is just made it easy that all the data is available with the finger touch. Books are now made available through online libraries and even audio books which help us in pronunciation and help the students to improve their vocabulary. Technology has helped us to reduce and save paper also to conserve the environment. This helps the students to pursue out of the curriculum subjects. The aids can be derived through focus and without deviation. Space consumption for E-Resources is too less and the devices we use are also portable and handy. We can attach any information to our mail as this secure feature helps us in storing the material land accessible at any place and at any point of time even during our travel. Electronic resources consists of data representing numbers, text graphics, images, moving images, music, sounds etc. All these utilize the multiple ways of brain simulation. Colorful videos and games improve to build the vocabulary and create interest in learning. It is said that imitation is best form of appreciation. Students appreciate and enjoy exposure to these resources and tend to learn quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The derivatives markets for crude oil, corn, soybeans, and other global economic mainstays are well developed, with active trading in financial contracts that derive their value from the asset. Notably, while the value of a derivative is based on a resource, possession of a derivative does not necessitate ownership of the asset. Derivatives are widely used by producers of commodities to lock in the prices of the goods they will sell or acquire at some point in the future. rude-oil futures are the top commodity contract traded on the commodity exchange MCXNSE-0.14%, allowing a wide range of investors to hedge their positions or merely to speculate on the volatility of crude oil. The contract gets its price cues from the New York Mercantile Exchange's futures contracts for West Texas Intermediate crude oil (NYMEX). The study concluded that there was high volatility in the crude oil futures market before and during COVID – 19. The macro factors throughout the world have contributed to the volatility. In this paper, the data which is taken from a secondary source i.e. from MCX (Multi commodity Exchange) website, India, related to crude oil future market Total Averages Daily Turn Overvalues in Lakhs during the period September 2019 to May 2020 attempted to present the crude-oil data graphically and to study the characteristics of volatility, descriptive statistics have been defined and also made the comparison of the data sample means using Z-statistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is closely linked with all living beings and it is the source of all developments in the form of societal, cultural, rituals and religious beliefs. The river Cauvery is the only perennial river in Tamil Nadu and the water level is raised during rainy season. Out of 133 chapters in Thirrukkural, one of the famous Tamil literature, the second chapter itself deals with the importance of water management and the need for the water cycle. All most all the ancient Tamil literatures have evidenced of various water management practices which were carried out to manage the water throughout the year. Several thousand years ago, the olden civilizations were invented to consume the water flowing through the canals and drainages to the maximum extent. Various dynasty were ruled in India before 1000 years onwards and the emperors handled the water management in a systematic approach and managed the floods and droughts in an effective manner. Various structures like canals, dams and water diversion were built by the emperors for the effective utilization of rain water. This paper deals with the effective water management exercises practiced in more than 1000 old Chozha dynasty in Tamil Nadu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to combating climate change and global warming, the best course of action is to promote the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. In this regard, most nations have resolved to boost the use of solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines (WTs) to generate clean green energy and curb carbon emissions. India is actively contributing to the international change of the energy sector. When it comes to renewable energy and encouraging the use of electric vehicles, India is among the top five countries in the world. There has been a recent push to increase the world's renewable energy generation capacity to 450 GW by 2030, up from its current level of around 400 GW. Getting India's total generation beyond 60%using the low-carbon energy sources is encouraged because it will help the country meet its larger climate goals and push it above the amount agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. Economic growth, increased energy security, and expanding access to energy for the rural population are only a few of the goals, roles, and responsibilities of government. As part of India's progress toward modernization, this paper details a number of related efforts, policy shifts, technical and economic hurdles, and regulatory rules for rolling out renewables and EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After globalization and the emergence of new technology, differentiated services, an innovation revolution, a creative explosion, and numerous alternatives, the working environment is under increasing strain. Education isn't an exception. Each educational institution competes for superb efficiency, enormous performance, and unequalled distinctiveness. The educational sector's administration expects too much from faculty members to stand out from competitors. Education's competitiveness challenges emotional intelligence and work-life balance. The goal of this paper is to look at the connection between work-life balance and emotional intelligence among university teachers at Private University in the Telangana district of Warangal. During the study process, a descriptive type of research design is used. The number of educators in the study was 30. The teachers were chosen through a method called "convenience sampling." The research tool was made by putting together Hayman's WLB scale from 2005 and Daniel Goleman's EI dimensions from 1997 into a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools were used to come up with and test two hypotheses. According to the findings, educators with a medium level of emotional intelligence have an equal number of educators who agree that work interferes with personal life, personal life interferes with work, and work and life are enhanced. The study has been limited to the faculty members of SR University, and it can be extended to other universities in India for further significant insight in understanding the levels of work-life balance and emotional intelligence. Educational policies and improving teaching pedagogies can help to improve the levels of WLB and EI among universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important results of contemporary technological growth is the sharp increase in vehicle numbers, which has gotten more severe in the wake of the astounding rise in the overall population. Thus, the primary issue at hand is the delay in getting there. Sometimes the delay is explained by how long it takes to get to the hospital or receive initial care.I ndia's dire situation is made worse by traffic. A comprehensive solution is required to reduce the time taken at each step, even if the government is taking several initiatives. Some examples of these include evaluating the patient's status, calling for medical assistance, or making the nearest aid available. As a consequence, most countries in the globe today consider traffic congestion to be a serious problem. Using IOT, a system may be developed to enable emergency vehicles, such ambulances, to get at their destination as soon as feasible. The development of a smartphone application that will facilitate communication between traffic controllers and drivers is ongoing. We would provide the ambulance driver the option to choose the source and destination sites. Near traffic lights, digital screens will display the lane that the traffic controller selected. If other drivers can see the alert on the screen, they will be able to remove themselves from the scene or switch lanes before the ambulance comes. Thousands of fatalities may occur from ineffective traffic management if an ambulance won't be able to reach the hospital in time. However, the problem is becoming worse since, in emerging countries like India, annual road expansion is just around 4% while annual car growth is already at 11%. In light of this, the paper provides a novel, straightforward approach to traffic control in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small hydropower is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally benign energy technologies for production of electrical power worldwide. In India, the available potential of small hydro is at about 15,000MW and small hydro can provide electricity to 120,000 unelectrified rural villages. Hence, this paper focuses the status of small hydro development in India and discusses the barriers/obstacles to the development of small hydro in India by taking government policy, economical aspects and environmental benefits of few countries into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days the impact of climate change in India are mostly affected to the agriculture field, most of the agricultural crops are being badly affected in terms of their performance of the crop. The crop yield is used to predict in advance because of its harvest, its help the farmers for taking good decisions in marketing. The results of knowing crop yield and building prototype for the purpose of easily available to the farmer. Thus, for such kind of data analysis in the crop, there are different techniques and algorithms to predict the crop in a field. In this we have used image processing algorithm. The data used are images are taken from the drone system. Our approach starts by seeing rows inside the area (or acre) and finding all the trees in a crop yield, by this knowing the size of plant in the crop can be easily to store the data of plants. Lately there has been a wide source of spatial photogrammetry available for agriculture. Most of this data gives new information about the crops. By analysis of crop statics and methods have not been widely performed due to limitations on the images and software involved. The classification was also validated by comparing dozens of trees in the field, with excellent results. The purpose of this paper is to provide farmers with a method for quickly and automatically classifying trees by size, regardless of the presence or absence of problems, so that they can more easily monitor the health of individual trees and gain a better grasp on how those trees are distributed across a given area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify: (a) challenges in understanding and using design methods, and (b) features expected in an enhanced repository of design methods, by design students. These are identified through interviews and a survey. The major findings are (a) less (time for) practice leads to weak understanding and challenges in using design methods and (b) students expect to have a method recommendation system based on problem context. The findings from this study will guide in developing a user-centric, enhanced repository of design methods to aid design practice and pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass in its original form with low bulk density causes large transport and storage costs, and therefore, it cannot be used as an effective combustion fuel. Densification of biomass using briquetting technology can resolve the aforementioned issues and enhance the effectiveness of biomass as a combustible fuel. The relevance of using this fuel in thermal conversion processes is growing because it is abundant and under-explored. Hence, examining the fuel characteristics of these resource materials is imperative for their effective utilization in energy generation. The aim of the present work is to assess the suitability of various agricultural and aquatic residues as sources of briquette production by determining their fuel properties. Sixteen types of agricultural and aquatic residues which are abundantly available in Kerala (southwestern coastal state of India) were selected for this investigation. The fuel properties of the selected feedstock materials were determined using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and heating value testing. The density, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content percentage, and fixed carbon percentage of the feedstock material were carried out according to different ISO standards. Furthermore, the elemental analysis and the heating value of all the feedstock materials have been determined. Finally, the paper concludes by comprehensively listing all the fuel properties of the feedstock materials investigated in this study. The density of the feedstock materials ranged from 105.92 to 700.10 kg/m3. The fuel properties showed that Water hyacinth leaves, oil palm fruit bunch, saw dust; grass waste, dry leaves, vegetable market waste, and spent tea waste have significant potential for bio-briquette production. Also, from the characterization of the feedstock material, it is evident that rice husk and banana peel have higher ash content (above 20 %). Therefore, they are not appropriate for the production of biomass briquettes. The fuel properties of various agro aquatic residues for briquette production obtained from this study are expected to be of great use to the manufacturers in the briquetting of these feedstock materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture has always been considered a lifestyle, especially in rural India rather than a revenue making market. In the present trend of automation, machines make decisions which are rational, reasonable and accurate. In this state of art technology Internet of Things (IoT) is paving a new path in automation. Therefore, in this paper, the research is carried to employ the IOT technology in the field of agriculture. A rover, capable of reading all essential parameters like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, air quality, sunlight and rain is developed in this research. These detected parameter values by rover are then transmitted to a comprehensive interface, a Mobile application. Mobile application will then give the customized predictions such as soil moisture and temperature based on soil-type. With the help of these parameter values a farmer can take necessary measures to maintain the crop in optimum conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is critical to our country's economic success. It yields the most profit in crop production on the farmer's land. India is a developing country, and agriculture is a major component of the Indian economy, accounting for approximately 17% of GDP. India is also the world's second largest producer and the largest exporter of rice. Being the chief grain of India, the country has the largest area under rice cultivation, but the optimal yield would only be guaranteed if the field is free from diseases, whether it be fungal or bacteria, pests and nutritional deficiencies. The presented study will be very beneficial for the researchers to recognize any diseases, pests and nutritional deficiencies of the rice plant. As pest attacks also result in damage to the entire field, causing a reduction in the optimal yield production. Plant nutrients are also required for plants' good overall health. These nutrients are classified into three classes: primary nutrients, micro-nutrients and macronutrients. Each of these nutrients is essential for plant growth and development, but for optimal rice production at least primary nutritional deficiency should be taken care of which includes nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Agricultural crop losses directly attributed to fungus are significant, but to increase the productivity to the fullest pest attacks as well as primary nutrition deficiencies must also be detected. In this paper, we have conducted a literature study on various approaches and analysis of rice plant diseases, pests and nutritional deficiencies have been shown in tables which highlight the number of diseases focused, numbers of pests focused and number of nutritional deficiencies focused by different researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease are leading causes of mortality worldwide, accounting for a substantial fatality rate in recent years, In the last several decades, it has been the number one cause of death, not just in India but globally. It is tough for medical practitioners to forecast because it is a complex undertaking that requires expertise and advanced understanding. In the field of healthcare data analysis, predicting heart disease may be difficult. Machine learning can provide a quick and accurate decision-making solution. The main purpose of the paper is to use ML algorithms to predict presence or absence of heart disease. Various ML algorithms have been analyzed such as RF, SVM, DT, LR, XGBoost, Naive Bayes and KNN. And, out of all of these algorithms, Logistic Regression and SVM had the highest accuracy of 81.97%. The maximum accuracy, recall, precision, and f1 score is achieved by Logistic Regression and SVM, whereas the lowest accuracy, recall, precision, and f1 score is achieved by KNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is about the detailed analysis of the pandemic Corona Virus 2019 which has rocked the entire world with a maximum impact with its structure, its appearance and nomenclature, Clinical presentation and transmission, diagnostic technique. It's a respiratory illness caused by the virus SARS-CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). It's a syndrome is different from other virus syndromes as this might act as Symptomatic also as Asymptomatic. The common symptoms would be cold, fever, cough, sneezing, running nose, breathing issues, Fatigue, etc. The paper may be a vivid picture on the COVID 19 cases in Tamilnadu which is within the Southern part of India and therefore the treatments like Ventilator, Plasma, etc and therefore the remedy offered to the patients like Naturopathy, Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, etc,.for better recovery and immunity to fight against the virus. It analyses the detailed reports and statistics during a regression form with reference to daily new death rate and total death rate with the assistance of statistical tools of the general rectilinear regression equation. the entire confirmed cases and daily new confirmed cases are plotted using Normal P-P plot of regression Standardized Residual. The Pearson correlation value is 0.837 which features a strong direct correlation between active cases and total recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian government has proposed a national education policy designed by an eminent panel of experts, with the audacious goal of transforming the Indian education system. The policy plans to bring significant changes in the teaching-learning process from the school level to the university level. This paper studies the current information technology infrastructure that is available in Indian Universities for enabling e-learning. The data relating to IT infrastructure to facilitate e-learning was collected from 252 Universities across India. This was used to understand the present scenario of e-learning in the higher education context. An IT governance framework has been proposed which can effectively facilitate e-learning in alignment with the goals of the Indian National Education Policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, pesticide use continues to rise, estimated to be over four million tonnes yearly. In 2020, it was almost 2.7 million metric tons, up 57% from 1990. Nanotechnology is an innovative and exciting technology that offers new nanoscale molecule designs, formulations, and delivery systems to diminish the hazardous pesticide effects. Many studies on nano-pesticide production have been published, whereas nano-biopesticides are still limited. The purpose of this research is to answer the question of whether nano-biopesticide formulations will emerge along the development of nano-pesticides. The research was conducted by using bibliometric analysis. All nano-pesticide and nano-biopesticide-related publications are extracted from the Scopus with no limitations year. Using VOSviewer, data on research scope, authorship contributions, number of citations, and global research trends are evaluated and mapped. The results show that the publishing of nanoparticles has an exponential trend, with 125 nano-pesticide documents. However, only 14 nano-biopesticide documents are available. India is the most productive country, publishing both nano-pesticides and biopesticides articles, 52 and 9 publications. India connects the Australian and European continents regarding nano-pesticide publications. China is next, with 36 articles about nano-pesticides currently published. Al-Whaibi (average of 86 citations) and Iavicoli have extremely high citation counts (average of 125.5 citations). In synthesizing nano-biopesticide formulations, we found that essential oils are the most common ingredient in nano-biopesticides. In future, the topic related to the impact of nano-biopesticides on crop production and resistance; the combination of nano-biopesticides and nano-fertilizers; the study of nano-biopesticides' effects on the environment; and microbial as nano-biopesticides are some trend in the nano-biopesticide formulation. We predict that research on nano-biopesticides will increase rapidly in the context of eco-friendly issues. Finally, this paper can serve as a basis for the upcoming research on nano-biopesticide formulations, particularly those involving microorganisms as bioactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]