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Trade Union Colleges as Centres of Knowledge. A Focus on African Course Participants as (Co-)Producers of Knowledge during the 1960s Cold War. In this article, I argue that circulations were central to processes of knowledge production, adaptation, and dissemination at and between the two trade union colleges under investigation. By illuminating concrete knowledge transfers and circulations through the exchanges of experience, examination papers, correspondence, and book shipments, I make the case that knowledge circulation should not be understood as a one-way street of linear transfer, but rather as a concept characterised by multiple points of contact and exchange. These nodes of knowledge transfer were often located within the educational institutions themselves, which sought to become centres of knowledge in the field of trade union education for Africans. The practical and technical knowledge of African students was one of the key factors that enabled these pioneering institutions in Guinea and the German Democratic Republic to generate knowledge about the African trade union movement through intercultural interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper refl ects on present and future strategies for decolonising the post(real)socialist city. Inspired by the demands of postcolonial and decolonial urban initiatives, we localise diff erent sites of remembrance in the urban context. We show how the post(real)socialist urban space that emerged from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ambivalently incorporated a colonial matrix. We conceptualise the ambivalent positioning of the GDR, which simultaneously continued and opposed colonial power relations, and was itself aff ected by processes of devaluation via urban imperial diff erence. We argue that it is important to reconstruct the processes of racialisation in the post(real)socialist urban space in order to better understand and oppose contemporary right wing and racist movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on East German racism before and after 1990 continues to focus on the experiences of the white majority. This paper focuses on the oral histories of Mozambican and Angolan worker-trainees who came to the German Democratic Republic (GDR) between 1978-1990 to work, live, and love, and those of the mixed-race children who emerged from their relationships to East German women. The racial knowledge pervading social interactions, state interests, and socialist notions of solidarity, limited the ability of the workers to freely live in mixed-race relationships, but never fully determined their experiences. Instead, Mozambican and Angolan worker-trainees exerted some degree of agency, pursued individual agendas, and resisted their racially constructed positions, in part through engaging in mixed-race relationships. While their children experienced racialised stereotypes much earlier in their biographies, they too were able to challenge and resist East German racist knowledge. Their strategies often took them on journeys searching for their Mozambican parent and of challenging close East German family members. Together, the oral histories of both generations before and after 1990 illuminate the complex ways in which racist knowledge operates and bring up new questions and challenges to existing research on racism in (East) Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stasi, the secret police in the GDR, was an integral part of the planned economy. Over time, Stasi officers took on tasks related to economic planning and adopted the mentality and behaviour typical of the field. This paper takes a closer look at their aims and the ensuing consequences as illustrated by the GDR chemical industry. It focuses on a contradictory phenomenon: the co-existence of growth and inefficiency. Although the secret police enjoyed growing responsibilities, resources and partners, they were surprisingly inept at achieving their own economic and security targets. This phenomenon can be explained in two ways: Historically, by identifying the Stasi as the profiteer of economic crisis, or in terms of organization theory, by revealing some typical bureaucratic characteristics of the secret service (MfS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an outline of steps to be taken to achieve a unified social policy governing East Germany (DDR) and the Federal Republic (BRD). The steps include social security financial transfers, the economic growth of the DDR, stabilizing of the labor market and unemployment, braking the migration of DDR citizens to the BRD, and the promotion of employment and a common social security program.

The article comments on the immediately preceding article on social structure in towns and villages of East Germany. The author criticizes the study's recommendations as not cohesive and politically motivated. Additionally, the study is said to lack any theoretical basis or complex statistical analysis and to rely entirely on citations from East German publications.

The article comments on the immediately preceding article by Gunhild Korfes on juvenile delinquency research in East Germany. The author suggests that while following communist party line hindered useful criminological research work, much unpublished or censored research might prove scientifically valuable. Such research would have been stifled as potentially giving the lie to Marxist-Leninist claims that a socialist society's progress was a historical necessity.

The article is a co-report to amplify the previous article in this periodical on biographical interviews with scholars in the former East Germany during the time of the post-reunification time of "transformation." The author criticizes Klaus Meier's study for selecting only scholars and giving no context as to the cohort age group or specific occupations of the interviewees and using a data presentation structure that is not subject to systematic analysis.

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The article comments on Thomas Edeling's preceding article in this issue on the lack of organizational sociological research in East Germany on the grounds that such research would lead to systemic criticism of the regime. The author recounts his personal experience among East German sociologists to confirm Edeling's observations.

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The focal point of this paper is changes of specific patterns of governance in urban renewal processes in mid-sized cities in East Germany. The starting point of the investigation includes assumptions and first findings that indicate that urban shrinkage necessarily leads to a change and diversification of patterns of governance. Using case studies as a base, this paper examines urban governance in the German cities of Bernburg and Weissenfels. Both cities are affected by shrinkage and both participated in the 2010 International Building Exhibition: Urban Redevelopment Saxony-Anhalt, which was aimed at finding qualifications for urban redevelopment processes. In order to analyze governance within the processes of urban renewal for both case studies, schemes of governance analysis were created to examine the planning processes, institutional influences, stakeholders, and their interactions. The paper concludes that, due to specific framework conditions of urban shrinkage on one hand, and institutional influences on the other, patterns of governance do indeed change over the course of urban redevelopment processes. In both cities, the predominating sovereign approach to urban development was supplemented with cooperative activities. In Bernburg, an extensive cooperation among three stakeholders of the public sector was realized. Changes in Weissenfels included the implementation of enhanced participation for private stakeholders. English title: Urban Governance in Urban Redevelopment Processes in Mid-Sized East German Cities: Patterns of Governance in Urban Redevelopment Processes Using the IBA Cities of Bernburg and Weissenfels as Case Studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silesian Statistical Review / Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In its annual report 2008/2009, the Council of Economic Advisors came forward with a proposal how to unify the German pension system. In this paper, we quantify the effects of this proposal. We show that the direction and size of the effects largely depend on the development of future wages. In the most realistic case we assume that the average wages in East Germany remain a constant fraction of the average wage in the West over time. In this case, the Council's proposal only weakly affects the size of pensions in East and West Germany. Thus, the effect on the contribution rate to the pension system is also weak. On the contrary, if average wages in East and West fully converge in the future, this reform would lead to redistribution from pensioners in the East to pensioners in the West. In the most unrealistic case, where average wages in East and West Germany continue to diverge in the future, pensioners in both East and West Germany would be worse off with the reform. However, contribution rates to the pension system would be relatively lower, leading to redistribution from the old to the young. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Ethnography – also referred to as ethnology by the GDR – was a "minor subject" in which typical big science problems such as mass‐study and large‐scale research played no role. It was therefore not the focus of science policy interventions by the state and/or its ruling party. Nevertheless, ethnographic research, exemplified by the sub‐discipline related to Africa, remained within the limits set by the state and ruling party. Despite of these relative restrictions, the two East German universities in Berlin and Leipzig, as well as the ethnological museums in Leipzig and Dresden, have succeeded in presenting research results that are relevant and remain valid to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to smooth the transition from a planned to a market economy, labour market policies were applied to an unprecedented extent in East Germany. This paper analyses the effects of these policies. As it turns out, labour market policies not only were largely unsuccessful; in many cases they were even prejudicial to the unemployed as well as to regular employees.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article provides information about a symposium which took place on November 26-27, 2008 and the author discusses the papers which were presented at this symposium and are included in this journal and a multi-volume publication. The symposium was titled "The History of Social Politics in Germany since 1945" and the topics discussed included the German Democratic Republic, reunification, and the history of the welfare state in Germany.

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The article presents a response to the report titled "The Acceptance of the Labour Law and Social Law in East Germany," by Bernd Baron von Maydell that was printed in this issue. Topics examined include unemployment, retirement plans, and overtime hours. A legal background on labor law implementation is provided.

The article discusses the immediately preceding article by Jürgen Dorbritz on demographic research in East Germany. The author faults the study for failing to explore the role of scientists drawn into practical Marxist politics or the potential politic misuse of sociological data. He urges joint conferences to focus on research results that avoid disputes based on past history.

The article comments on an article by Rudhard Stollberg on the sociology of work in this issue of "Berliner Journal für Soziologie" and its critique by Ursula Schippling in an immediately preceding article. The author agrees with Schippling's conclusion of a lack of discussion on controls as a critique of Stollberg's work.

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Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study concentrates on the problems of political changes (breaks) after WWI and after WWII in Central Europe, taking the example of traffic relations in railway and Elbe Shipping between German and Czechoslovakia. Although the situation after 1918 and 1945 brought with it real territorial shifts, and the disruption of trade and tariffs, at the same time it demonstrates how this problem was overcome. Czechoslovak-German traffic and tariff relations overcame the challenges surrounding the 1918 and 1945 breaks and the political and ideological changes by means of rational, pragmatic and serious relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is a summary of the social and political history of the refugee and asylum policy in the two post-war German states, the Federal Republic and the GDR, from the end of the 1940s to the mid 1970s. This text aims to show the developments in constitutional law, migration policy and political culture that were accompanied and also influenced by migration in the two post-war Germanies. Inspired by the approach of the French historian Grard Noiriels, these developments are illustrated using a particular historical migration case, namely the refugee and asylum policy in post-war Germany. While asylum as an arbitrary act remained under total control of the communist party officials until the decline of the GDR, the West German right of political asylum was permanently subject to the conflicts and new interpretations which accompanied the changes toward a democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the last years, the development of the pension value (Rentenwert), which determines the size of public pension benefits in the German public pension system, was strongly affected by discretional changes in the method of its calculation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the influence of these changes. To do so, we calculate the pension value for a number of hypothetical scenarios on an ex-post basis and compare results with each other. The key issue of our analysis is to quantify the isolated effects of the components included in the 2004 Pension Reform Act. We provide results for both East and West Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article explores the history of the refugee and political asylum policies in Germany between the 1940s and the 1970s. Whereas in East Germany (GDR) the law of asylum remained an arbitrary issue that was subject solely to the considerations of the national communist party, the laws regarding asylum in West Germany (BRD) were subject to ongoing discussions and interpretations up until 1993 when the constitution was changed. The dynamics of change with regard to the asylum policies in West Germany were influenced by the political situation in the postwar West Germany against the background of the Cold War which had led to new interpretations of the meaning of the rule of law, democracy and the weight of constitutional norms for the political culture of West Germany.

The article reports on a 2008 conference covering a variety of topics ranging from the 1968 feminist revolt in East Germany to U.S. imperialism and the U.S. black civil rights movement. Western social phenomena of circa 1968 were also a major theme, including the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and its dissolution, sexual liberation, and women's rock festivals.

The article presents information about planning initiatives in the political system of socialism, especially in 20th century East Germany. It is noted that every nation makes plans, but that socialized states are at a disadvantage since the governing party's plan may conflict with scientific technical practice. Descriptions are given of East Germany's system of contracts. Further comments are made concerning the differences between socialized planning and the planning strategies used in capitalistic countries such as the U.S.

Copyright of Social Compass is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)