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Food products sold on the Russian Federation territory must have a label with information for the consumer. A prerequisite is an indication of the nutritional value, including the fat content. For bakery products used the GOST 5668-68 "Bread and bakery products. Methods for determination of fat content". However, this document is outdated and needs updating. This GOST presents four methods, but the main (arbitration) method is the "extraction method with preliminary hydrolysis of the sample". It was found that the use of this method leads to underestimated analysis results. The reason for this is the insufficiently extensive hydrolysis of the analyzed sample. It was found that during of the analyzed material hydrolysis under harsh conditions, a foreign non-lipid compound, insoluble in hexane, is formed. The effect of various concentrations of sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, as well as the temperature and duration of hydrolysis, on the completeness of fat extraction and the amount of foreign non-lipid compound has been studied. The fat extraction with chloroform and hexane was investigated. As a result of the studies carried out, the optimal modes and concentrations of reagents were selected, allowing to completely extract fat from the analyzed material. In this case, the amount of extractable non-lipid compounds does not exceed 0.04%. Based on the results obtained, amendments to the GOST 5668 "Bread and bakery products. Methods for determination of fat content". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the accounts of social networks of heads of regions of the Russian Federation, for the period January-May 2021 (n = 85, the empirical base was more than 150 thousand posts in social networks), shows the specifics of Russian e-government communication in social networks. In contrast to global practice, Twitter and Facebook are little used in the Russian Federation, where VKontakte and Instagram are more popular. These technical agents offer diverse "affordance", and have different requirements, which directed communication. The types, strategies and functions of Instagram communication of all heads of the regions of the Russian Federation are discussed and reasons are given for the various prevailing strategies and gaps that require attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informatization determines the development of all processes in the economic and social spheres, including the development of highways. The complexity of understanding and implementation of the informatization process in the Russian Federation, a constant change in development vectors, an insignificant replacement of concepts and vague criteria for digital transformation lead to a fragmented development system. Shifting aspects and values in transformation leads to weak results and conflicting processes. Therefore, in the application of technologies in road management is at an early stage, there are diverse technological solutions that have led to small implementations of smart technologies in this system, but without the formation of the necessary unified information base. Smart technologies in the road management system should change the connectedness of space and open up economic development prospects, but so far, only the fixation of the results of traffic and changes in traffic safety indicators are aimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative activity of the different sectors and spheres of activity is an important factor of economic development. Evaluate this parameter can be using different approaches. This article analyzes the innovative activity of civil engineering. Several directions for assessing innovative activity were identified. The first direction is the activity of venture investors, the second is the dynamics of granting patents in the field of civil engineering. Based on the analyzed data it has been proposed technique for determining the innovative potential of the industry. The main conclusion, based on the results of the study, is that venture capital does not strongly influence innovative activity in the field of civil engineering. At the same time, the number of patents issued in Russia and in the world in this direction is above average, which indicates the demand for innovations in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 5 years, the construction industry in Russia has been steadily moving towards digitalization. In 2017, Russia agreed on a set of measures aimed at the development and implementation of BIM technologies, which has become one of the priority tasks of Russian design companies. Modern technology of information modeling BIM covers not only the area of direct design, but also construction technology, technical documentation of an object, this also includes monitoring of its technical condition up to complete disposal. From this point of view, the Building Information Model can be viewed as a set of systematized data about the life cycle of an object, which is obtained as a result of the use and interaction of the corresponding software. The article touches upon the issues of classification of software products used in the BIM chain, their main manufacturers are indicated. The analysis of the functionality of these software complexes was carried out, which showed the heterogeneity of the functions of the considered software. Revealed the fact that often in order to solve the set tasks, the complex use of compatible programs is necessary. An orientation is given to the choice of software in accordance with the range of tasks to be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented work provides a collection and generalization of theoretical, methodological and practical questions about the main types of household waste in housing and communal services. The authors analyzed various waste recycling practices that are used in Russia and other countries. The analysis shows certain shortcomings in the field of waste management that have taken place in Russia in recent decades. The conducted analysis identifies and proposes the best foreign practices for handling household waste in housing and communal services, which need to be introduced in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research subject is development and testing for efficiency of technologies combining digital twin and the industrial Internet of Things for the biotechnological farm. The research object is a high-tech closed water circulation aquafarm. The information model is based on data from a specific high-intensity aquabiotechnological enterprise in Russia, the Kursk region. A pool of complex research methods was used and a data model was developed to describe this system. A digital model includes BIM, mathematical, engineering, and economic models. The information base is filled directly by real-time sensors data, as a dynamical digital twin was formed. Its interface allows to create of an image both for the current system state or for any previous times. While the predictive analytics methods were used, the simulation results were compared with the real data. The digital twin integrates heterogeneous components: (i) Mathematical model of the development of the population of commercial aquaculture was used. Mathematical models by different types of the aquaculture population were created during this research. (ii) An engineering model includes sets of sensors and actuators. They generated parameters of the aquaculture habitat, operating modes sensors for biological and engineering components. Additionally, resource consumption data counters were employed. (iii) The economic model should consider the real volumes of consumption and prices for all the used resources. Detailed online accounting of electricity, heat, water, supplies, and consumables costs is organized, with differentiation by engineering systems and aquaculture groups (cages). During this study, the sufficient model's accuracy level was confirmed. We used such models to describe and predict the biological productivity of the aquafarm and its economic efficiency. The efficiency and prospects of the approach to the management of biotechnological production using digital twin technologies and the Internet of Things are additionally displayed. There has been a plan developed to continue the work in the future for intelligent assistant creation and robotic management for aquabiotechnological farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important task in the Russian Federation is to reduce the level of mortality and injuries from industrial accidents and occupational diseases due to the transition to a system of occupational risk management in the field of labour protection. Due to the large growth of machinery and technology, the number of latent threats is increasing. These threats entail an increase in the likelihood of risks (accidents, incidents, failures) associated with the negative influence of a human factor. On the basis of the literature review, the importance of studying the influence of the human factor in production is noted. The analysis showed that traditional methods of assessment of occupational risks do not take into account an important element - "work permit", which is the main document containing safety requirements while performing work with increased danger. Recommendations for improvement of generally accepted forms of work permit for the selection of workers and reducing the negative impact of the human factor are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is based on the need for innovative development of agrarian and food technologies to form a healthy nutrition diet for all groups of the population in accordance with the food security doctrine of the Russian Federation, 2020. The need to develop technologies and recipes composition of combined puree with increased nutrition value made with topinambur paste, fruit and berry raw products widespread in the Siberian region was defined. Comparative results of organoleptic assessment, composition of physiologically functional ingredients, assessing the nutritional value of new types of combined puree are presented. The influence of the studied indicators on a composite quality indicator has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure a decent position of the Russian Federation in the global food market, it is necessary to modernize agricultural production in the shortest possible time by creating, distributing and applying the latest achievements of science and technology, which will make it possible to switch to highly productive, resource-efficient and climate-adaptive production of raw materials and products of high processing depth. The modernization of agricultural machinery is a continuous process of introducing innovations into individual components and systems that increase the power, functionality and efficiency of the machinery as a whole. Timely implementation of the latest scientific and engineering projects is currently the unconditional basis for the further development of the modernization. Technical and technological upgrading has a direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural production and the sustainability of agricultural development in general. The intellectualization of agriculture is a global trend. It changes the appearance and structure of the economies of regions and countries, increases the competitiveness of individual industries, which in turn contributes to the growth of national economies and strengthening their positions in the global market. An analysis has been performed concerning the latest projects from domestic machine builders that are competitive with respect to foreign peers, as well as support measures for the acquisition of agricultural machinery to ensure the achievement of the challenges set by strategic documents for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose the model of resources distribution for preserving the population of polar bears in the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. The model is based on the principle of fair resource distribution taking into account the differences in population size, in unit cost of means of protection and in growth of the cost of resources, given the delay in receipt of these resources, between polar bears' habitats. The operation of the model is illustrated with the numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of an experimental construction and quantitative analysis of the learning curve (LC) obtained from individuals learning a foreign language. The experiment was conducted at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. Three types of LC were constructed for different level of English skills of the subjects: Pre-Intermediate, Intermediate and Upper-Intermediate. Comparison of these curves demonstrates that the subject’s knowledge acquisition keeps running for 14 hours after the flash memory session. The paper presents two dependencies for constructing an approximation of the learning curve: logarithmic and polynomial. Based on a comparison of the approximation of the experimental LCs with functions of various types, we suggest that they all provide satisfactory results. Based on the results plans for further study of the problem were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considered the use of one of the most accurate artificial neural networks for predicting time series - a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NARX) for predicting the dynamics of changes in the concentrations of the main greenhouse gases. The data were obtained in the course of monitoring the dynamics of changes in the main greenhouse gases on the Arctic island Belyy, Russia. The data of the surface concentration of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor were used. A time interval of 168 hours was chosen for the study during the summer period (July-August 2016). The NARX model accurately predicted concentration changes for all greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring economic security is a priority for the development of both regional socio-economic system and the economy of the state as a whole. Maintaining the safe development of the economy is due to two components that form a generalized structure of the concept of economic security: ensuring the prerequisites for economic growth and improving the quality of life in the region. In this paper we review the methodological framework and assess the economic stability of the region to external threats. At the heart of the process of forming the region's resistance to external threats are its components, among which we evaluate the financial, industrial and labor components. This approach allows us to quantify the formed internal immunity of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which reflects the economic stability of the region. Indicators are included in the integral indicator with a certain weight. In this embodiment of testing, all the weighting factors of indicators balanced with each other. The result of approbation of the method is a quantitative integrated assessment of the level of internal immunity of the region. We define the concept of internal immunity of the region as ensuring the stability of the functioning and continuous development of the economic system at the expense of the reserve of financial, industrial, labor and other resources formed in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the subjects of the Russian Federation are becoming increasingly independent in the areas of management, management and disposal of financial resources in the region. The trend of decentralization of management leads to an increase in the responsibility of regional authorities for the current socio-economic situation in their subordinate entities, as well as for its further development. Ensuring economic security is one of the priorities for the development and regulation of regional socio-economic systems. The need to maintain sustainable economic development is due to two components that form a generalized structure of the concept of sustainable development: ensuring the prerequisites for economic growth, improving the level and quality of life of the population of the region. Economic security is considered as a set of economic, geopolitical, environmental, legal and other conditions that provide prerequisites for its survival in the event of a crisis and for development in the future, protection of vital interests of the state in relation to its resource potential, balance and dynamics of development and growth. The paper presents a model for the overall assessment of the impact of adverse socio-economic factors on the formation of sustainable development of the economic system. Due to the use of the Cobb-Douglas production function, the influence of threats was taken into account by means of a model description of indicators describing the dynamics of financial and labor resources. As a result, a mathematical definition of risk for the development of socio-economic system, expressed as a risk for the formation of GRP. It is possible to obtain a rapid assessment of the impact of economic threats on the development of the economic system and to calculate the economic damage possible in the implementation of these threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the "Technology-SG" framework of the scientific and technical program of the Union State of Russia and Belarus a 180 W ion thruster with a direct current discharge chamber is being developed in Keldysh Research Centre. To achieve high performance parameters, electric current density and operation lifetime a project of a hybrid magnetic system consisting of permanent magnets supplemented by electric magnetic coils was considered. This magnetic system configuration combines the advantages of energy savings and the possibility of the operation mode optimization. At the design stage, preliminary numerical modeling with a 3d axis-symmetric particle-in-cell model was used to confirm the theoretical assumptions used in the development of the magnetic system and to further improve magnetic system design. The simulation allowed to obtain the distributions of plasma parameters for various configurations of the magnetic field. In addition, the estimated data on the dynamics of the discharge chamber integral parameters and the ion beam current density distribution over the radius were obtained. These distributions confirmed the correctness of the chosen approach to the development of the magnetic system and were used to form the final thruster design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates interactions among money supply, exchange rates, inflation, and nominal interest rates, which are regulating parameters of the Central bank policy. The study is based on the data received from Russian source in 2002-2016. The major findings are 1) the interest rate demonstrates almost no relation with inflation; 2) ties of money supply and the nominal interest rate are strong; 3) money supply and inflation show meaningful relations only in comparison to their growth rates. We have developed a dynamic model, which can be used in forecasting of macroeconomic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper attention is drawn to the outlook of the state and commercialization of new processes and technologies in the field of crude refining and quality improvement of oil products produced at the refineries of the Russian Federation. Brief characteristics and specific features of the most interesting technological processes are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the current state of the biotechnology market in Russia and access to its development prospects were evaluated. Russian state programs for the development of biotechnology were stated. The growth rates of the industry in Russia and the world are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the possibility of using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the hourly electricity consumption by the region of the Russian Federation was carried out. The data on electricity consumption and average daily temperature were selected as the initial data. The initial data were normalized so that they did not exceed the value of one. The number of training examples was 360 and each example had 3 inputs (the training dataset contained 1080 values). At the output, ANN calculated the hourly electricity consumption. A two-layer ANN was used for modeling. ANN was trained using the back propagation method and the conjugate gradient method. ANN training was carried out with an acceptable error of 0.00001 and was within 200 iterations of the conjugate gradient method. The use of an artificial neural network made it possible to satisfactorily describe the actual hourly electricity consumption. The average error was within 4%. The largest deviations of the actual and calculated values of hourly electricity consumption were observed around the 23rd, the 24th every day and amounted to 10–12%. The error increased as the forecast range increased. Calculations were carried out for a different number of neurons in the hidden layer: 7, 10, 13. These changes practically did not affect the forecast results. To increase the accuracy of the hourly forecast, it seems that the hourly temperature change during the day should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformations of regional socio-economic systems determine long-term trends in economic growth and financial stability of individual territorial entities. Global trends in the "digitization" of economic and financial relations leave their imprint on the vector of regional development of national economies. The questions like this are topical for Russia as well. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the features and problems in the processes of digitalization of the regional banking system and the banking services market in terms of digitalization and financial accessibility of depressed regions of the country. The necessity and main factors of digital transformation of a separate economy are considered. The concepts of digital finance and financial accessibility are defined, and the relationship between these areas in modern conditions is reflected. The indicators of IT penetration of a separate group of regions - digital financial outsiders are analyzed. The assessment of regions provision with banking services is also carried out. The degree of interconnection between the indicators of the region's IT penetration and the level of digitalization of the banking services market from the point of view of the availability of the Internet and the development of remote banking services is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial blight pathogen of bean Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (hereinafter referred to as X. a. pv. phaseoli) affects many Phaseolus species. The increasing volume of legume yield in the Russian Federation and worldwide requires sensitive, reliable, and rapid methods to approve the absence of bacteriosis pathogen. These methods are based on conventional PCR tests. The objective of this work is to study, and to improve well known methods of diagnostics of bacterial blight pathogen of bean X. a. pv. phaseoli to be used with the commercial DNA extraction kits officially accepted in the Russian Federation. These commercial kits for DNA extraction and PCR methods show their effectiveness in the improved detection and identification assays of phytopathogen. After the full validation tests the adopted methods can be used as one of the official assays to detect X. a. pv. phaseoli in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plant and seed material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is proposed a technology for analyzing and predicting road accidents in the region, consisting of three blocks: a block of cluster analysis of the region's territories for various emergency situations, a block for modeling accident rates from factors and predicting road accidents and the severity of their consequences in the region. The application of the technology of analysis and forecast for the road traffic accidents is implemented on the example of one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Udmurt Republic. Using the methods of cluster analysis, the distribution of the territories of the republic into groups with different degrees of accidents was constructed. Regression models of the number of road traffic accidents and the number of people injured and killed in them from qualitative and quantitative factors was built. Regression models also take into account seasonal and territorial dimensions. These components are included in the models after the procedure for their digitization. To model the dynamics of exogenous quantitative factors, adequate autoregression models were selected. Using the technology proposed by the authors to analyze and predict road traffic accidents in the region, a forecast of the road traffic situation in the Udmurt Republic was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is devoted to the socio - economic and information - technological development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. In the course of the analysis, a number of criteria were identified that affect the nature of the development of the country's Arctic sector. Among the many criteria, the most priority related factors are identified that create threats and serious challenges to the future formation of the socio-economic, cultural and technological informational orientation of the Arctic zone. A number of paramount questions are raised, describing the creation of a digital information system. The Levinson - Durbin recursive algorithm is used as the central model of the digital information system. The model, expressed by adaptive linear filtering, is based as a function of predictive assessment of socio - economic criteria. The main parameter of the model is the remote sensing data prediction system. A number of components of the information system are designated. The testing of the created digital information system is the predictive assessment of the data obtained by the satellite observation method of the air temperature of the Arctic region in the section of the Northern Sea Route over the past five years. The results of testing the use of the Levinson - Durbin algorithm in visualized form (graph with data), as well as in a statistically - tabular form are presented. The analysis of the obtained results has been carried out. An assessment of the further development of the applied method is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of implementing the concept of sustainable rural development in Russia, there is a need to overcome departmental fragmentation in the management of rural areas and to specify programme activities in individual regions. At the moment, there are significant differences in the level of development between suburban and peripheral rural areas, even within the same region. This requires an improvement of approaches to managing rural areas based on improving the quality of organization and implementation of information and analytical support for management. It includes monitoring and evaluating system for municipalities, which allows on the one hand to follow the changes taking place most precisely and promptly, and on the other hand, making informed managerial decisions. The research has resulted in the proposal of an automated information system "Monitoring and Evaluation of Rural Areas", which facilitates the analysis of rural development and enables the authorities to make better management decisions. The use of generic software increases the speed of communication and the overall level of information provision for municipalities. The introduction of a unified monitoring system will enable districts to generate and send reports and information on the current situation, and regional authorities to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of municipal development based on a unified system of indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents investigation results on the oil composition and properties of the Novoportovskoe, Arctic, Gydan and Trans-Polar fields occurring in the Lower Cretaceous and also Russkoe oil field in the Cenomanian Upper Cretaceous. A comparison is made for the chemical composition of oils from two facial areas in the north of Western Siberia. Differences are found among the compositions of the oils under research and those in the Arctic area of the Russian Federation in the Komi Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the impact of public-political factors on the regional sustainable development in the light of the historical experience of the Siberian cities during the Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905). Based on the analysis of archival materials and publications in the Siberian printed press at the beginning of the 20th century, the authors have identified the reasons why the sustainable development of the largest Siberian cities was hindered at that period. The construction of the railway eliminated the problem of transport links with Siberian cities; however it made them dependent on external supply of goods. Local Siberian production declined with the advent of cheap imported goods; warehouse infrastructure reduced due to the uselessness; the alternative modes of transport could not compete with the railroad and left the main traffic directions. The Russo-Japanese war began in 1904 and left Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk without transport service for nearly eighteen months, since cargo railway transportation which was not related to the supply of the army, was discontinued. Siberian cities were in catastrophic conditions: food prices increased several times, hospitals worked without pharmaceuticals, urban construction was stopped. Historical examples of unsatisfactory supply of cities under the influence of intense public and political factors demonstrate that sustainable urban development is impossible without the diversification of the sources and means of subsistence. Diversification is proved to be necessary, it can guarantee the use of the transport and economic infrastructure in the interests of the city in unexpected situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint welds are conventional methods for connecting structural elements. Another alternative method is the mechanical joining of reinforcing bars. The paper presents the study on the connection of reinforcing bars with muff couplings under conditions of the stress field tension, deformation diagram and structure, phase composition, and internal stresses of reinforcement bars of the material St20 in the initial state and after deformation effects. Structural studies of the deformation effect on structural and phase states of the material St20 reinforcement bars with the use of electron microscopy have allowed revealing the fact that the deformation of 5% leads to formation of micro-cracks, which is a harbinger of the reinforcing steel destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers food security from the perspective of the development of Russia's economy in the form of a mixed economic model. Prices and incomes are an overriding concern in this process. The authors analyze the intricate nature of price in terms of consumer-producer interactions. Consideration is being given to views of reputed economists on price that involve different aspects of its nature. Features peculiar to the generation of the contemporary consumer's aggregate income and purchasing behavior at different periods of time, i.e. from 1991 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2016, are shown. It ought to be noted that efforts towards food security are being made against the background of high inflation, the complicated system of end consumer incomes (e.g. money income, income in kind, and shadow income), and the existing mentality inherent in the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers innovation in environmental education and developing ecological competencies of students and railway specialists in Omsk State Transport University (OSTU). The article gives an appraisal of international educational environmental projects by the example of the RECOAUD TEMPUS IV project. Some sectors of environmentally sensitive scientific research and technological developments of leading scientists and scholar schools in OSTU are introduced. The article gives the information about the project "Student Environmental meetings", which was nominated for the national environmental award "Crystal Compass". The results of the questionnaire survey of students on the volunteer movement are analyzed in the article. Innovative methodical and educational instruments help to solve the problems of ensuring the environmental safety of railway transport, to implement national objectives and strategic challenges of developing the Russian Federation in the field of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Vitam regit fortuna, non sapientia' ('Fortune, not wisdom, rules lives)' (Cicero). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of oils in North American, Scandinavian, and Russian sectors of the Arctic. The analysis of oil reserve distribution in the arctic territory and aquatory shows that the Russian sector is much higher in oil reserves than North American and Scandinavian sectors. The comparative analysis is given for heavy and viscous oils of the West Siberian Arctic region so as to provide crude oil supply to the pipeline transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of human capital plays the key role in the technological and economic development of modern societies. On the current stage, many countries require highly skilled specialists due to a razing intensity of knowledge in technology. This is explained by the fact that highly skilled specialists contribute to the acceleration of knowledge accumulation, innovation implementation, and lead to the development of socio-economic development due to a higher level of economic activity. Therefore, to provide the country’s development and competitiveness at the global level, it is important to maintain the academic exchange and to attract highly skilled specialists. Russia has a number of peculiarities in the migration process of highly skilled specialists. On the one hand, the country is experiencing the consequences of mass emigration of highly skilled specialists in the 20th century; on the other hand, it has a low ability to attract qualified specialists from other countries due to the specifics of the development of the socio-economic system. Features of socioeconomic development of the country lead to the fact that currently in Russia obtain a unidirectional nature of the migration process of highly qualified personnel. Migration on a permanent basis and the mobility of the scientist has a different impact on the domestic science, on the increment of its intellectual capital. To solve effectively the problem of scientific emigration, it is necessary to assess the potential of scientific emigration and to be able to assess and predict the scale and direction of potential flows of scientific migration. The existing models and model complexes take into account macroeconomic dependencies to the detriment of the description of individual behavior, which limits the applicability of models to describe migration in a changing market environment. Due to the lack of a model complex that allows describing the variable dynamics of scientific migration between the labor markets at the macro level and scientific organizations at the micro level, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate methods for forecasting specific cases of labor resources redistribution between organizations, and to structure the main forecast methods. As a result, we developed a multivariate dynamic model of forecasting scientific migration with elements of the theory of positional games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the experience of using wind power stations in Russia, presents the choice and rationale for the use of alternative sources of electricity for the Omsk region. The design allows to increase the speed of the air flow in the field of energy extraction by 1.45 times, which allows to obtain three times more energy than a wind power plant with a similar area of wind wheel sweeping. The technical and economic calculation and calculation of return on capital investments for the proposed solution are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of revenues and expenditures for medical care for non-working, working citizens and the lowest-paid category of working citizens in all regions of the Russian Federation and Russia as a whole. The technical possibility and expediency of introducing a new breakthrough system for financing domestic health care based on medical savings accounts (MSA) based on the criterion of not reducing the amount of funding for medical services per one resident of the subject of the Russian Federation is justified and proved. It is analyzed and shown that the funds accumulated on the MSA in accordance with the new scheme for financing health care in the Russian Federation are sufficient to cover the average cost of medical care for citizens in all regions of the Russian Federation. The economic effect of the introduction of these accounts in all subjects of the Russian Federation is estimated, which will amount to 378 billion rubles in the first year, of which 292 billion rubles are funds on medical savings accounts of citizens, 18.2 billion rubles are reducing the costs of territorial budgets and compulsory health insurance funds for pensioners and 68.6 billion rubles are reduction of expenses of territorial budgets and compulsory health insurance funds at the expense of working citizens exit from "shadow", in five years the economic effect will make already 2.9 trillion rubles. The main components of the economic effect are the same as for the first year of medical savings accounts introduction. Funds for medical savings accounts can be used only for medical care. Therefore, about 146 billion rubles of 292 billion rubles citizens will spend on their better medical care. These funds will go to medical organizations (hospitals and polyclinics). The funds saved by the territorial budgets and funds of the compulsory health insurance, it is advisable to direct to research, development and manufacture of competitive medical equipment. Thus, the demand for medical equipment, provided with funding from medical organizations and the population, will increase by 8 times and will amount to approximately 1.240 trillion rubles and the budget funds, which should be directed to the research, development and manufacture of medical equipment, will grow by about 5 times and will amount to 420 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crystal of authigenic calcite filling the pores of Deltavjatia vjatkensis pareiasaur bone (Kotelnich pareiasaur site, Vyatka River, Russia) was investigated by LA-ICP-MS. Laser and mass-spectrometer operational parameters for trace element analysis were optimized. NIST SRM 610 glass was used for bracketing and CaO was used as an internal standard. Data reduction was performed using GLITTER V4.4 and IOLITE 3.71 software. Trace element geochemical maps were composed revealing the spatial features of calcite crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an attempt has been done to develop this method. We have performed a joint analysis of the data of the daily measurements of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols and wind direction. To this end, we used the autumn series of observations made in Samburg in 1998 with the winds of the north-east sector. The joint analysis of the surface wind fields and the data on the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols allowed us to reveal a number of cases where the exhausts of the contaminants of the Norilsk plant were carried out to the north of Western Siberia, to establish relations between the observed concentrations and the initial exhausts of dominating substances and elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for new solutions in the field of energy that prevent negative impact on the environment is one of the priority tasks for modern society. Natural gas takes a stable position of the unified energy system demand for fossil fuels in Russia. A possible alternative fuel extracted from organic waste is biogas. Biogas has a high content of carbon dioxide, which affects the rate of flame propagation and a lower methane content, which reduces the heat of combustion. However, the combined combustion of natural gas and biogas, provided that the fuel mixture with the oxidizing agent is well mixed, can allow, on the one hand, to reduce the maximum adiabatic temperature in the combustion chamber of power-generating boiler of thermal power plants, and on the other, to increase the stability of biogas combustion. For the combined combustion of natural gas and biogas in operating power-generating boiler, it is necessary to reconstruct the existing burner devices. For a high-quality reconstruction of burner devices capable of providing stable and low-toxic fuel combustion, it is important to have theoretical data on the effect of combustion of combinations of organic fuels on the temperature distribution in the combustion zone and its maximum value. In this paper, the turbulence model k - ε (realizable) is presented, which allows simulating the combustion process of a fuel-air mixture. The temperature distribution in the zone of active combustion during combustion of the fuel - natural gas, biogas, natural gas/biogas combinations is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent nuclear renaissance has motivated many countries, especially developing nations, to plan and build nuclear power reactors. However, domestic low enriched uranium demands may trigger nations to construct indigenous enrichment facilities, which could be redirected to fabricate high enriched uranium for nuclear weapons. The potential advantages of establishing multinational uranium enrichment sites are numerous including increased low enrichment uranium access with decreased nuclear proliferation risks. While multinational nuclear initiatives have been discussed, Russia is the first nation to actualize this concept with their Angarsk International Uranium Enrichment Center (IUEC). This paper provides an overview of the historical and modern context of the multinational nuclear fuel cycle as well as the evolution of Russia's IUEC, which exemplifies how international fuel cycle cooperation is an alternative to domestic facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, taking into account the mass construction of objects with a large number of people, such as shopping, cultural and entertainment centers, shops, clubs, etc., the evacuation of people is getting more and more important. The article proposes an imitation model for effective evacuation planning in the academic building. The model is implemented in the simulation environment AnyLogic. Calculations of evacuation time and throughput of emergency exits were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we examine the modern trends and problems of scientific migration. Due to several socioeconomic trends, that have taken place since 1990s and led to scientific immigration, Russian economic system lost a significant share of scientific capital. According to the statistics, the main factors of scientific migration were financial factors and better work conditions at the centers of scientists attraction. To develop and calibrate a dynamic model for scientific migration simulation we elaborated a data mining approach and different model functions to set the scientific migration dependence on wages and working conditions. According to the model idea, potential scientific migrants have the information on the difference of living and working conditions, and the information on scientific opportunities in both countries of origin and migration attraction. After the modeling description of the main drivers, the observed parameters are used at the main dynamic multi-factor equation. It is necessary to highlight, that scientific migration cannot be analyzed just from the point of view of economic effectiveness, this process also takes into account personal skills and preferences of scientists. For model development we analyze migration from the point of view of scientific mobility, which takes into account both brain drain, brain gain and brain sharing, as the main tendencies of the current stage of labor market development. Scientific migration is not purely a good or a bad phenomenon for the socio-economic system due to the recent social tendencies and increasing academic mobility. Because of scientific migration, labor market loses an amount of scientific potential, due to brain drain, and, at the same time, gets an increase in amount of scientific migrants, due to brain gain. So, the most effective phenomenon for economic growth is brain sharing, when wellqualified scientists have an opportunity to travel abroad, to improve their skills, and to stay involved, at the same time, into scientific projects at their main scientific organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The naturally occurring radionuclides radium (Ra-226) and polonium (Po-210) have the potential to be used for criminal acts. Analysis of international incident data contained in the Database on Nuclear Smuggling, Theft and Orphan Radiation Sources (CSTO), operated at the University of Salzburg, shows that several acts of murder and terrorism with natural radionuclides have already been carried out in Europe and Russia. Five different modes of attack (T) are possible: (1) Covert irradiation of an individual in order to deliver a high individual dose; (2) Covert irradiation of a group of persons delivering a large collective dose; (3) Contamination of food or drink; (4) Generation of radioactive aerosols or solutions; (5) Combination of Ra-226 with conventional explosives (Dirty Bomb). This paper assesses the risk (R) of such criminal acts in terms of: (a) Probability of terrorist motivation deploying a certain attack mode T; (b) Probability of success by the terrorists for the selected attack mode T; (c) Primary damage consequence (C) to the attacked target (activity, dose); (d) Secondary damage consequence (C′) to the attacked target (psychological and socio-economic effects); (e) Probability that the consequences (C, C′) cannot be brought under control, resulting in a failure to manage successfully the emergency situation due to logistical and/or technical deficits in implementing adequate countermeasures. Extensive computer modelling is used to determine the potential impact of such a criminal attack on directly affected victims and on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twin oil (20 & 24 inch) and gas (20 & 48 inch) pipeline systems stretching 800 km are being constructed to connect offshore hydrocarbon deposits from the Sakhalin II concession in the North to an LNG plant and oil export terminal in the South of Sakhalin island. The onshore pipeline route follows a regional fault zone and crosses individual active faults at 19 locations. Sakhalin Energy, Design and Construction companies took significant care to ensure the integrity of the pipelines, should large seismic induced ground movements occur during the Operational life of the facilities. Complex investigations including the identification of the active faults, their precise location, their particular displacement values and assessment of the fault kinematics were carried out to provide input data for unique design solutions. Lateral and reverse offset displacements of 5.5 and 4.5 m respectively were determined as the single-event values for the design level earthquake (DLE)—the 1000-year return period event. Within the constraints of a pipeline route largely fixed, the underground pipeline fault crossing design was developed to define the optimum routing which would minimize stresses and strain using linepipe materials which had been ordered prior to the completion of detailed design, and to specify requirements for pipe trenching shape, materials, drainage system, etc. This Paper describes the steps followed to formulate the concept of the special trenches and the analytical characteristics of the Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of threats to the reproduction of human resources potential of Russian science. In the 1990-1998 period, the number of researchers decreased by 58%. The amount of outflow of scientific personnel from the sphere of research and development to other branches of the economy during this period amounted to about 550 thousand people. Within the framework of this work, a synthetic design is proposed from the dynamic model of labor migration and the dynamic model of proportional economic growth with two-level optimization for constructing a model system for forecasting the financial condition of scientific organizations, taking into account the dynamic flows of scientific potential. As the basis of the model is the classical problem of optimal management of investments in capital, expanded by the control unit of total costs directed to the labor market. A gradual form of the dependence of output volume on labor resources is proposed. When describing the mechanism of pricing, it is assumed that output is maximized at a given cost. A model complex has been obtained, which makes it possible to simulate the dynamics of the development of scientific organizations with several modes of financing management and describe the migratory flows of scientific personnel between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New electron cooling device was constructed for LEIR accumulator ring according to ILHC project at CERN. The cooler was designed, manufactured and completely tested with electron beam at BINP (Novosibirsk, Russia). Special features of the device and the results obtained are presented in the paper. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the research program of the Experimental Accelerator Driven System (ADS), which employs a subcritical assembly and a 660 MeV proton accelerator operating in the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel (25% PuO[sub 2]+75% UO[sub 2]) designed for the BN-600 reactor use will be adopted for the core of the assembly. The present conceptual design of the experimental subcritical assembly is based on a core nominal unit capacity of 15 kW (thermal). This corresponds to the multiplication coefficient k[sub eff]=0.945, energetic gain G=30, and accelerator beam power of 0.5 kW. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The top-priority goal in Russian Federation development is the modernization of social, economic and technical spheres. As far as most of Russian basic capacity is old-fashioned (most part of production and technologies have been projected and launched until the mid-1980s), that’s why full update is indispensable to improve productivity, to increase competitiveness of the economy and the well-being of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the research of atmospheric particulate matter in Nakhodka city by the study of atmospheric precipitation using particle size analysis. The presence of PM10 fraction of coal dust in the air is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent Russian literature contains some interesting speculations of potentially wide applicability regarding the physical vacuum. These investigations examined and applied a theory to various anomalies to try and understand what these events may represent. Data were collected by Dmitriev to quantify these events and identify commonalties that indicate the anomalies might have a natural origin. Dyatlov created theories on the Polarized Inhomogeneous Physical Vacuum where he claimed that each anomaly possessed a distinct boundary separate from its surroundings. Within this inhomogeneous boundary, the theory suggests that the magnetic, electric, gravitic, and spin fields would be different from its surroundings. From these findings, he developed equations that resemble the London equations for a superconductor and are somewhat similar to those developed later by Puthoff. The importance of these events is that with additional understanding, they may offer a means for extracting energy from the physical vacuum. Moreover, one may speculate that these anomalies may represent a gravitational vortex or even a portal or a wormhole to look into potential travel within other dimensions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the geologic structure of the formation located not far from Strezhevoy, Tomsk Oblast. The formation has been poorly studied by seismic methods. The reserves categories C1 and C2 as well as hydrocarbon potential are presented. 4 exploratory and 39 production wells are designed to be drilled depending on geologic knowledge and formation conditions. The article deals with the investment plan including development, oil export expenditures and implementing cost calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]