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Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of aerodromes in Russian international airports demands a quantitative evaluation of the hydroamelioration effect for agricultural lands on the ornithological situation. From 1982, the land management and hydroamelioration of agricultural lands in Ramensky aerodrome environs are considered. Since 2016, it has been reconstructed into the aerodrome in Zhukovsky International Airport (Moscow region). From 1980 to 1986, the Union of Land Surveyors of Russia and the Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources of the RSFSR conducted investigations for land management design. In spring, until 1980, 30% of the aerodrome agricultural land was hydromorphic with nesting areas of black-headed gulls. The total number of nests was 110 ± 7.1 pcs (average value ± standard error). In 1982, the first stage of the hydroamelioration system and project vegetable-fodder crop rotations were put into operation. A polder with an area of 3.05 km2 was operated in the approach funnel. The nesting areas have ceased to exist on the drained lands. Since 2017, 45% of the polder area has been hydromorphic with the number of nests of black-headed gulls. It averaged 48.5 ± 2.5 pcs. Planes constantly fly over the nesting areas. A gull chick considers the "parents-gulls" to be the same size as flying airplanes. The latter attract birds when they are fed. In this regard, a stable associational reflex "parent-plane" is formed in chicks. Young birds are not afraid of airplanes and pose risks to flights. We have suggested a calculation method aimed at the conditional reflex formation. It considers the nesting area distance from the aerodrome, the aircraft size, and the parent birds. It is reasonable to use the proposed technique in digital land management when zoning aerodrome environs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Vitam regit fortuna, non sapientia' ('Fortune, not wisdom, rules lives)' (Cicero). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of long-term observational program of classical cepheid investigations carried out in Moscow from 1980th, are presented. The data base includes more than 75000 UBVRI photoelectric and CCD brightness measurements for more than 650 galactic Cepheids, and approximately 10000 precise measurements of radial velocities for 165 Northern Cepheids. Classical Cepheids as stars with the most reliable distance scale play an important role in all investigations of the structure and dynamics of the galactic disk. Being observed on 100 year time interval, more than 90% of cepheids show systematic period changes. New observations are necessary to improve cepheid period—luminosity relations by taking into account the difference in their evolutionary stages and misidentification of pulsation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In commemoration of the 250th anniversary of Moscow University, the Women Council of MSU published a biographical dictionary dedicated to women who contributed significantly to the academic success of their institution and who distinguished themselves both in research and in teaching. The book contains brief biographies of some 619 women employed by MSU; 63 of these entries are for members of the Department of Physics and of its adjacent research institutes. They are doctors of sciences, full professors, recipients of government as well as university awards, and some are WWII veterans. Their lives in science have embodied all tendencies of the Soviet period of the country. The great majority graduated from Moscow State University and have been working at MSU for more than 25 years. At present, the Physics Department consists of 37 sectors with more than two hundred doctors of sciences, 15% of whom are women. The information supplied by the dictionary, combined with data on the younger staff of MSU with similar degrees in physics, lets us compare tendencies in women’s professional development, their research and teaching careers, and their success in publishing. It also lets us see some of the key issues. Since 1933 (the year of establishment) more than 25,000 people have graduated from the Physics Department, a quarter of whom were girls. Of 90 students who have graduated with honors this year, one third were girls, and of 22 award-winning thesis this year, 10 were defended by them. About 400 persons are participating in the 3-year postgraduate program of the Physics Department; 30% of all students enrolled this year are girls. Half the winners of annual awards to students, postgraduate students, and “young scientists” in physics this year were girls. The percent of successful women in physics is growing. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]