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Based on the analysis of survey data of left-behind children in rural areas of Guizhou Province, this paper studies the happiness of left-behind children and explores its interaction and impact with Internet usage behavior and social support. This study uses a sample size of 336 to study the relationship between Internet use, social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings show that economic status has a statistically significant impact on financial well-being, and that the impact of life satisfaction on well-being increases as satisfaction levels increase. However, the frequency and duration of Internet use did not have a significant impact on subjective well-being. On the contrary, research found that content preferences have a positive impact on social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children. Information-based network use can bring more social support, thus improving the life satisfaction of left-behind children. Finally, family support had a significant predictive effect on left-behind children's subjective well-being. Future research can further explore the complex relationship between left-behind children's Internet use, social support and subjective well-being, especially comparative studies in different regions and different cultural backgrounds, to comprehensively understand the formation mechanism of left-behind children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological civilization construction is an important dimension to achieve high-quality economic development. This paper evaluates the eco-efficiency improvement effect of China's ecological civilization pilot zone policy utilizing the synthetic control method (SCM) differences-in-differences method (DID) and examines the influence mechanism of ecological civilization pilot zones on eco-efficiency in the light of the environmental pollution penalty, green technological innovation, and environmental publicity and education. The study results indicate that the construction of the ecological civilization pilot zone policy has substantially boosted eco-efficiency in the pilot areas, with the strongest boosting effect on eco-efficiency in Fujian province, followed by Guizhou province, and not significantly on eco-efficiency in Jiangxi province. Further, this paper also reveals that the construction of ecological civilization pilot zones has effectively contributed to eco-efficiency through channels such as strengthening the environmental pollution penalty, stimulating green technological innovation, and broadening environmental publicity and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forest is a kind of high-quality ecological resource. Forest ecological products have multiple values such as material supply, ecological regulation, health care in tourism, scientific research and education. The value evaluation of forest ecological products is an important measure to practice the "Two Mountains" theory, promote the transformation of "Two Mountains" and rural revitalization, and realize the harmonious development of man and nature. At present, the relevant research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas mainly includes the value progress of forest ecological products and the service function of forest ecosystem, etc. The research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in karst mountain areas has not been reported. This paper discusses the value evaluation and realization paths of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas of Guizhou Province, which is of great significance for economic decision-making, ecological protection, green sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in karst mountain areas. (2) Methods--This paper took Guizhou Province, which has typical karst mountain features, as the re search object. Based on the survey and statistical data from 2020 to 2022, the paper constructed an accounting system for the gross forest ecosystem product by using the literature research method, evaluated the value of forest ecological products in Guizhou province by using the gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting method, and put forward the paths to realize the value of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas. (3) Results--First, from 2020 to 2022, the total value of forest ecological products (FGEP) in Guizhou Province showed a rising trend, rising from 2 752.758 billion yuan in 2020 to 2 919.637 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 6.06%, which was 1.5 times the GDP in the same period. Second, the value of forest material supply services and forest regulation services increased by 29.826 billion yuan and 90.998 billion yuan, respectively, with an increase rate of 22.68% and 7.85%. From 2020 to 2021, the value of forest cultural services increased by 85.707 billion yuan, an increase of 45.71%. Affected by the epidemic and the mode of economic development, the value of forest cultural services showed a declining trend from 2021 to 2022. Third, in the different functions of forest regulation service, the sum of climate regulation value, soil conservation value and water conservation value accounted for more than 90% of the total value of forest regulation service. Fourth, the forest ecological products value (FEPV), forest ecological regulation value (FERV) and forest ecological culture value (FECV) accounted for 4.78%~5.86%, 88.41%~95.35% and 4.85%~9.92% of the total value, respectively, showing the characteristics of FERV>FECV>FEPV. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, improve the FGEP evaluation index system of forest ecological products and the value realization mechanism. 3S technology, Internet of Things and other digital technologies are used to collect relevant data in the forest ecological product catalog list. Establish a diversified carbon sinks trading mechanism, and improve the forest ecological compensation mechanism. Second, continue to strengthen the protection and restoration of forest ecology, and improve the realization rate of the value of forest ecological products. Strengthen the protection of forest ecosystems in karst mountain areas. Provide relevant training and technical sup port to the community residents. Strengthen technological innovation and technology application of enterprises to improve the quality and efficiency of forest ecological products. Third, develop the forestry ecological industry to help the transformation of forest ecological resources into ecological assets. Combine ecological environmental protection with forestry industry development. Establish karst forest parks and develop ecological tourism. Construct the characteristic industrial system of understory economy based on the resource endowment of Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bianfudong (pinyin for Bat Cave) is a paleolithic site that was recently discovered in Heqing, Yunnan in southwestern China. Several hominin fossils, stone artifacts and more than 69,000 mammal fossils were unearthed in 2019. The hominin fossils and stone artifacts were excavated from the upper part (layers 1–12) of the section with an age range of 180–70 ka BP. Some large mammal fossils and micromammalian remains were collected from the lower part of the section (layers 22–30), which has an age >180 ka BP. This paper describes the micromammalian fossils collected from layers 25–30 and analyzes the fauna composition and paleohabitats. A total of 638 micromammal specimens represent 12 species, including 11 extant species i.e. Euroscaptor longirostris , Blarinella wardi , Anourosorex squamipes , Crocidura vorax , Eothenomys (Anteliomys) chinensis , E. (A.) proditor , Apodemus chevrieri , Ap. draco , Ap. latronum , Micromys minutus , and Niviventer confucianus , and one extinct species Anourosorex qianensis. The two arvicolid Eothenomys species dominate, both in the number of identified specimens and the minimum number of individuals. The composition of the Bianfudong micromammalian fauna can be compared with the faunas of Sanjiacun in Chenggong of Yunnan Province, Mawokoudong in Bijie and Xinglongdong in Fengjie, Guizhou Province. Using the random forest model with modern meteorological data, we calculated the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT) for all 11 living species in the Bianfudong. The MAP was inferred as 1008.04 mm, close to modern data in the Heqing area, while the MAT was slightly lower at 12.84 °C. The dominance of Eothenomys also supports a slightly cooler climate during the late Middle Pleistocene in the Heqing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the globalization trend, China's cultural heritage is in danger of gradually disappearing. The protection and inheritance of these precious cultural resources has become a critical task. This paper focuses on the Miao batik culture in Guizhou Province, China, and explores the application of knowledge graphs, natural language processing, and deep learning techniques in the promotion and protection of batik culture. We propose a dual-channel mechanism that integrates semantic and visual information, aiming to connect batik pattern features with cultural connotations. First, we use natural language processing techniques to automatically extract batik-related entities and relationships from the literature, and construct and visualize a structured batik pattern knowledge graph. Based on this knowledge graph, users can textually search and understand the images, meanings, taboos, and other cultural information of specific patterns. Second, for the batik pattern classification, we propose an improved ResNet34 model. By embedding average pooling and convolutional operations into the residual blocks and introducing long-range residual connections, the classification performance is enhanced. By inputting pattern images into this model, their categories can be accurately identified, and then the underlying cultural connotations can be understood. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other mainstream models in evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, achieving 94.46%, 94.47%, 93.62%, and 93.8%, respectively. This research provides new ideas for the digital protection of batik culture and demonstrates the great potential of artificial intelligence technology in cultural heritage protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve, the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province, along with the corresponding control measures, in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine–continental transitional shale of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in northern Guizhou is an important source rock in the upper Yangtze region of China, and it holds significant potential for the exploration of shale gas. To investigate the correlation between sedimentary conditions and the accumulation of organic matters in marine–continental transitional shale, this paper performed an extensive analysis using organic geochemical testing, organic petrology examination, a cross-section polisher–scanning electron microscope (CP-SEM), and geochemical analysis. The Jinsha and Dafang drilling cores were selected as the research subjects. The results showed that the TOC of the Longtan Formation in the study area was relatively high, and the TOC content of the tidal flat–lagoon environment (average of 8.37%) was significantly higher than that of the delta samples (average of 2.77%). The high content of Al2O3 (average of 17.41% in DC-1, average of 16.53% in JC-1) indicated strong terrigenous detrital input. The proxies indicated that the Longtan Formation shale in northern Guizhou was deposited in a climate that was both warm and humid, with oxic–dysoxic sedimentary water characterized by high biological productivity and a rapid sedimentation rate. The organic-rich shales during the marine and continental transitional phases were affected by various factors, including the paleo-climate, water redox properties, paleo-productivity, sedimentation rate, and other variables, which directly or indirectly impacted the availability, burial, and preservation of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrapanax papyrifer, the rice‐paper plant, is an evergreen shrub and is traditionally used as a herbal medicine in China. In October 2021, a serious leaf spot disease was extensively observed on T. papyrifer in Guizhou, China. Given the limited information available about the aetiology of this disease, isolations were performed, the morphological characteristics and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the fungus associated with the disease were described, and the pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were completed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on T. papyrifer caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Among 11 fungicides tested, 10% difenoconazole WDG had the best inhibition effect in vitro with EC50 values at 0.1 μg mL−1. This study provides new information for the identification and chemical control of Alternaria leaf spot of T. papyrifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ediacaran–Cambrian Phosphogenic Episode is the Earth's first true phosphogenic event and resulted in worldwide phosphate deposits, which occurred during the processes of the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. The Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca. 635–551 Ma) of Weng'an area in central Guizhou, South China, contains two economic phosphorite beds (the Lower and Upper Phosphorite Beds). This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological and mineralogical study of multiple outcrop and drill core sections of the Doushantuo Formation across the Weng'an area, and identified 11 lithofacies and 4 types of phosphatic grains. Significant differences in lithofacies and grain types between the upper and lower phosphate deposits are observed, indicating that the two sets of phosphate deposits are the products of two distinct phosphogenic processes. The Lower Phosphorite Bed mainly consists of banded and laminated phosphorites, contains micro-oncoids formed by microbially-mediated precipitation and peloids formed by in-situ chemically oscillating reactions, indicating a biochemical and chemical enrichment of phosphorus to sediments during the Early Ediacaran Period. The Upper Phosphorite Bed is mainly composed of carbonaceous, massive, and stromatolitic phosphorites, contains bioclasts (phosphatized spheroidal fossils), and intraclasts formed by hydrodynamic agitation, suggesting that the major accesses of phosphorus to sediments were the remineralization of organic P. Deposition of the two economic phosphorite beds was controlled by two sea-level cycles. Such differences have also been documented in contemporaneous phosphate-bearing successions in Brazil and Mangolia, indicating a significant shift in global phosphogenic mechanism during the early and middle Ediacaran, which may be due to the changes in redox conditions in seawater, associated with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. These regional active P-cycle processes could produce more free oxygen, which may have contributed to the upcoming Phanerozoic global oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, managed forest ( MF) and natural forest ( NF) in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling, Guizhou were selected as research objects, and cropland ( CL) was taken as control. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface ( 0 - 10 cm) soil of each restoration measure, in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas, which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures. Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community, with significant increases in Sob index, Ace index, and Chao index. The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community. The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes (62. 28%), Dothideomycetes (12. 34%), and Eurotiomycetes (9. 12%); the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes ( 45. 05%), Dothideomycetes ( 14. 74%), and Mortierellomycetes ( 10. 40%) ; the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community (26. 38%), Sordariomycetes ( 19. 78%), and Agaricomycetes ( 13. 82%). Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil. Sordariomycetes, Fwarium, and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil; Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil; c_unclassified_k_Fungi, p_unclassified_k_Fungi, o_unclassified_k_Fungi, f_unclassified_k_Fungi, g_unclassified_k_Fungi, Teichospora, and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 3D geological modeling methods based on section, cross-section data is an important data source for constructing 3D geological modeling in complex areas. The efficiency and quality of cross-section data compilation-adjustment will directly affect the time and quality of subsequent regional 3D geological model construction. However, current compilation-adjustment methods for cross-section are inefficient and difficult to effectively control their quality. Therefore, in this paper, a cross-section compilation-adjustment method based on 2D-3D linkage is proposed. It deeply integrates the virtual borehole geological structure (VBGS), 2D-3D linkage strategy, and structural geological feature information into the inspection-adjustment process of geologic bodies (faults, strata, rock masses, and ore bodies) structural abnormality (GSA) and elevation consistency at intersections. A complete cross-section compilation and quality control process can be realized by regional structural stratigraphic framework construction, GSA high efficiency analysis and adjustment, elevation errors quick positioning and adjustment at intersections. This new method solves the problem of inconsistency between the complex geological structures and the real structural geological characteristics and overcomes the defects of local fitting abnormality (depressions or sharp protrusions) of geological interfaces caused by elevation errors at intersections. Software tool is developed based on QuantyView 2D/3D GIS platform, and 73 cross-section data of a 1:50,000 modeling area in western Guizhou, China, is taken as an example for practical application verification. Results show that the proposed new method significantly improves the inspection-adjustment efficiency of GSA and elevation errors at intersections. What's more, quality of cross-sections compilation-adjustment has been effectively controlled, which provides reliable data sources for constructing high quality regional 3D geological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has moved into an era of hidden ore body exploration, necessitating the development of new prospecting and exploration methods. One promising approach is to use the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm to extract spatial and correlation characteristics of multiple two-dimensional elements related to hidden ores. This paper explores this method on Datangpo manganese (Mn), constructing prediction datasets that includes geological, geochemical, geophysical and aeromagnetic features. Analyzing metallogenic conditions and control factors of Mn ores, we construct a Mn ore prediction model (Geo-DCNN) based on multiple geographical knowledge and DCNN. The Geo-DCNN model reaches ore-bearing accuracy of 79.11%, non-ore-bearing accuracy of 99.01%, overall accuracy of 95.35%, and loss value of 0.0227 after training. Based on analysis of ROC curve, P-R curve, field investigation, and target area verification, we discover that the prediction results of the Geo-DCNN model in northeast Guizhou have a high correspondence rate with known manganese deposits. This provides valuable insight for further ore exploration in the area. Additionally, the results indicate that the Geo-DCNN model is robust and portable, suggesting that it can be applied to metallogenic prediction practices for manganese ore in similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As land is one of the most important production factors in rural areas, it is becoming an important challenge for rural revitalization strategy to realize land value and promote the socioeconomic development of villages through the collective action of self‐organized collective land use. Various studies have discussed the relationships among land governance, rural revitalization and self‐organization, but few studies have focused on village cadres' roles and village rules. This paper aims to establish an analytical framework to explore these two operating mechanisms of self‐organization in collective land use. Two villages in eastern China and one village in western China are selected as typical cases to demonstrate how collective land use is self‐organized by village cadres' roles and village rules. The results indicate that village cadres play roles in the entrepreneurial spirit and resource access capacity to promote village economic and social development. In the utilization of collective land for farmers to live in peace and work happily, the configuration of rules at the village level to regulate the behaviour of villagers is a qualification on demand and "see who can take part", cost sharing and benefit sharing, graduated sanction and supervision. The analysis in this article may provide an understanding of the mechanism driving the promotion and improvement of land self‐organization, which has important policy implications for China and other developing countries adopting this mode to promote regional economic development in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From core observations of shales of the Niutitang formation in the northern part of Guizhou Province, China, calcite was often found to act as a natural fracture filler and affect the extension of fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the tensile mechanical behavior of shales by calcite veins. In this paper, by computed tomography scanning of shales containing calcite veins of different dip angles from the Niutitang formation, a three‐dimensional numerical model reflecting the internal fine structure of the shale was constructed. Direct tensile numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of calcite veins at different angles on the fine‐scale damage process and mechanical properties of shale. The experimental results show that the tensile capacity of the shale increases with the increase in calcite veins. Depending on the dip angle of the calcite vein, the damage pattern of the shale is divided into three types of damage: pull‐off damage along the calcite vein, jagged damage, and horizontal damage perpendicular to the loading method. At high dip angles, the shale damage is more intense and the fracture network more complex. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the acoustic emissions provide a good indication of the microscopic behavior of the shale specimens during the damage process. The box dimension method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the shale specimens at the final damage, and it was found that the damage was more intense and the fracture network was more complex at high dip angles, and there was an angular threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shuiyindong gold mine in Guizhou is used as a case study in this paper to study patterns of dust pollution occurring with traditional electric-rake operation. In particular, the study uses the northern quarry of the twenty-third line in the first middle section of the second mining area and establishes a three-dimensional simulation model of equal size. It uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate and analyse the airflow traces and distribution of dust concentration in the relevant roadway during each stage of the electric-rake operation. The simulation results show that the airflow in the working roadway has a spiral movement and produces reverse dirty-wind circulation towards the end. Dust flows out of the working roadway from the 8th second of operation, and dust concentration reaches a peak in the working roadway at the 12th second of operation at an average dust concentration of 37.5 mg/m³. The dust concentration drops rapidly from the 120th second and reaches the maximum dust concentration permitted for operation at the 180th second of operation. The validity of the simulation is tested by comparing the actual measured data at the site with the simulation results. Finally, the simulation results are analysed using violent Python, and the solution is used to divide the roadway into areas according to the human breathing range. The paper analyses the distribution of dust concentration at an average human breathing height, providing an established theoretical basis for dust-control work in mines. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has an exceptional diversity in Begonia, holding the second largest number of described species in this genus at the national level. Many new taxa need to be explored and described. This paper reports two new species, Begonia ruchengensis (B. sect. Reichenheimia) and B. auritalata (B. sect. Platycentrum), from Hunan province and Guizhou province, respectively. Besides the detailed morphology description, color illustrations, and line drawings, the diagnoses of these two species distinguished from their allied taxa are provided. Their conservation statuses are evaluated according to The Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed at determining the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in tobacco in Guizhou and the genetic evolution relationship between the ChiVMV strains in Guizhou and in other provinces in China, so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. [Method] 80 tobacco leaf samples suspected of virus infection were collected from the tobacco fields of Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and Tongren in Guizhou province, showing the symptoms of leaf mottling, wrinkling, necrosis and mosaic. Multiple viral primers were designed to detect the collected samples by RT-PCR method, and the detected ChiVMV was further amplified by PCR to obtain the whole genome sequence of Guizhou tobacco ChiVMV. Based on all ChiVMV genome sequences published by NCBI, sequence consistency analysis was performed and phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of Guizhou ChiVMV tobacco isolates. [Result] The results of RT-PCR showed that the detection rate of ChiVMV was 37. 50%, the detection rate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was 48. 75%, and the detection rate of potato virus Y (PVY) was 35. 00%. The detection rate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was only 8. 75%. Four complex infection types TMV + PVY, PVY + ChiVMV, PVY + CMV and ChiVMV + PVY + TMV were detected, and the detection rates were 26. 25%, 6. 25%, 10. 00% and 3. 75%, respectively. Guizhou tobacco isolate ChiVMV-GZ (GenBank: OP589298) was obtained by PCR. Sequence consistency analysis showed that ChivMV-GZ was identical with tomato isolates from Sichuan (KC711055) and Sichuan tobacco isolates (MK405594) with high sequence consistency (98. 70% and 98. 50%). Phylogenetic tree was constructed and it found that ChivMV-GZ clustered with ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [Conclusion] The damage of ChiVMV in Guizhou tobacco has been increasingly serious and sufficient attention should be paid. ChiVMV-GZ was isolated from Guizhou tobacco and amplified to obtain the whole genome of the virus in the study. Based on genetic evolution analysis, it was found that ChiVMV-GZ was most closely related to ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large volume of evidence indicates that only high-class students attend extracurricular activities (Art, music, sport, dancing). On the other hand, this evidence intensively underlines the substantial importance of such extracurricular activities, particularly in visual art, in promoting children's cognitive and non-cognitive well-being. Adolescents' participation in visual art was always interrelated with enhancing their emotional affection towards the Art and cognitive skill in making one, which ultimately built solid efficacy that allows them to interact with their society. The present cross-sectional study sought to shed light on the potential impact of visual art on adolescents' emotional, cognition, and self-efficacy development, which needs to be improved in the Chinese context. Hence, randomly sampled (N = 2139) junior secondary school students were recruited from the rural province of Guizhou in Southwest China to attain the aim of the study. The study's finding affirms that students engaged in artistic activities start to develop a habit of communicating with their peers, showing their work, and commenting on works made by their peers or observed in art exhibitions or museums; such a process makes them self-efficacious. Ultimately, this paper extends the application of visual art activities from educational benefits to nonacademic development, which are the primary agents for children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to comprehensively and systematically study organic matter in arable soil as well as pH spatial distribution in the entire region of Guizhou, rationally plan and exploit cultivated land, and provide support for food security. [Method] Statistical analysis and ArcGIS space interpolation method were combined to analyze the spatial distribution of organic matter and pH in cultivated soil under the traditional cultivation pattern in Guizhou, and to study the influencing factors. [Result] The spatial distribution of soil organic matter content in cultivated land was uneven, with average content of 31. 13 g/kg, but the organic matter in cultivated land of Guizhou stayed abundant in general, and the content in each region showed as Liupanshui ( 52. 39 g/kg) > Guiyang ( 36. 01 g/kg) > Qianxinan (34. 02 g/kg) > Bijie(33. 89 g/kg) > Qiannan(32. 97 g/kg) > Anshun(31. 28 g/kg) > Qiandongnan(29. 92 g/kg) > Zunyi(25. 59 g/ kg) > Tongren(23. 01 g/kg). The pH of arable soil in Guizhou were 3. 99 - 8. 66, with the average value of 6. 06, and 90. 55% of the arable soils were dominantly acidic, weak acidic and neutral, accounting for 29. 48%, 38. 11 % and 22. 96% respectively. In the study area, the soil types display yellow-brown soil had the highest organic matter content and red soil had the lowest organic matter content The organic matter content with different soil utilization types was paddy field > irrigated land > dry land, while the pH showed as irrigated land > paddy field > dry land. [ Conclusion] The spatial distribution of organic matter content in arable soil of Guizhou province is uneven because of terrain, elevation and other influence factors, but the overall content stayed abundant. The spatial distribution of organic matter demonstrated as high in the west and south, low in the east and north. The pH of the provincial arable soil is mainly acidic or weak acidic, and its spatial distribution appeared uneven, showing a macro pattern of high in the west and north, low in the east and south. Soil type has a significant influence on pH of the soil, while it has insignificant impact on soil organic matter. Land utilizing type has extremely significant effect on both soil organic matter and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the best planting area for blueberries is an essential issue in agriculture. To better improve the effectiveness of blueberry cultivation, a machine learning-based classification model for blueberry ecological suitability was proposed for the first time and its validation was conducted by using multi-source environmental features data in this paper. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was adopted to optimize the CatBoost model and classify the ecological suitability of blueberries based on the selection of data features. Firstly, the Borderline-SMOTE algorithm was used to balance the number of positive and negative samples. The Variance Inflation Factor and information gain methods were applied to filter out the factors affecting the growth of blueberries. Subsequently, the processed data were fed into the CatBoost for training, and the parameters of the CatBoost were optimized to obtain the optimal model using SSA. Finally, the SSA-CatBoost model was adopted to classify the ecological suitability of blueberries and output the suitability types. Taking a study on a blueberry plantation in Majiang County, Guizhou Province, China as an example, the findings demonstrate that the AUC value of the SSA-CatBoost-based blueberry ecological suitability model is 0.921, which is 2.68% higher than that of the CatBoost (AUC = 0.897) and is significantly higher than Logistic Regression (AUC = 0.855), Support Vector Machine (AUC = 0.864), and Random Forest (AUC = 0.875). Furthermore, the ecological suitability of blueberries in Majiang County is mapped according to the classification results of different models. When comparing the actual blueberry cultivation situation in Majiang County, the classification results of the SSA-CatBoost model proposed in this paper matches best with the real blueberry cultivation situation in Majiang County, which is of a high reference value for the selection of blueberry cultivation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected from Guizhou Province, but the fruit morphological variation and genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasm resources remain unclear. The genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasms resources in Guizhou was studied based on fruit traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers to build a core collection. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the collection, management, development, and utilization of C. oleifera resources in Guizhou province. The variation coefficients among and within varieties of seven fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera ranged from 11.79% to 61.76% and from 8.15% to 42.31%, respectively, showing rich phenotypic variation. Furthermore, 12 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. These primers generated 214 polymorphic bands, and the average number was 17.833. The average number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) were 8.999, 2.301, 0.965, 0.50, 0.836, and 0.238, respectively. The results showed that 12 SSR markers had high polymorphism, and the genetic diversity of 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources was high. Based on SSR molecular marker information and fruit traits clustering, 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources were divided into three groups. When constructing core collections based on fruit traits and molecular marker information, the PowerCore-25 of core collections greatly preserves fruit traits and improves genetic diversity. This paper can provide a reference for the genetic diversity and fruit traits variation of C. camellia germplasm resources in Guizhou Province. It is significant for establishing a core collection, thus promoting germplasm innovation and the development of the oil tea industry in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Settlements and cultivated land are important production and living spaces in promoting rural revitalization. However, few studies have explored the relationship between rural settlements and cultivated land from spatiotemporal interaction perspective. This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal conversion and the interactive mechanism between rural settlements and cultivated land in a karst mountainous area (Qixingguan District of Guizhou Province) with fragile ecological environment in China during 2009–2018. The results showed that the expansion of rural settlements and the loss of cultivated land coexisted in Qixingguan District. Only 2.68% of the new cultivated land was reclaimed from rural settlements, whereas 85.45% of the new rural settlements occupied cultivated land. Six spatial expansion modes of rural settlements when occupying cultivated land were identified. Among these six modes, the area of the edge-expansion & along traffic roads (EA) mode accounted for 52.75%. The occupation by rural settlements made the cultivated land landscape more fragmented. The area ratio index of cultivated land to rural settlements (ARICR) of Qixingguan District averaged 18.75 in 2009 and 17.21 in 2018, respectively. The ARICR reduced in all township administrative regions. Cultivated land with suitable slope condition for farming or without rocky desertification was more likely to be occupied by rural settlements. The probability of cultivated land occupied by rural settlements increased with the decrease of the distance to traffic roads, towns, and old rural settlements. The better the economic and social development of the township administrative regions, the more the ARICR decreased, while the richer the agricultural resources and the better the rural development of the township administrative regions, the less the ARICR decreased. The optimal reconstruction path of rural settlements, the comprehensive conservation path of cultivated land and the urban-rural integration development path in karst mountainous area were proposed. The findings would contribute to our understanding of the spatiotemporal interaction between rural settlements and cultivated land, and would provide a theoretical basis for promoting the coordinated development of rural man-land relationship and rural revitalization in karst areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to this study, no species of Pseudophanias Raffray had been reported from Nanling, a vast biodiversity conservation area that spans five provinces in southern China. In this paper, three new species of the genus are described: Pseudophanias furcilobus sp. nov. (Guizhou, Guangxi), P. leigong sp. nov. (Guizhou), and P. mulun sp. nov. (Guangxi), suggesting that additional study on the diversity of this group in the area is required. These species are characterized, keyed, and compared to similar congeners, supplemented with illustrations of the habitus and other morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the digitaleconomic, computing power has become an important indicator to measure the degree of national economic development. With analyzing the two national strategies of "Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West" progect and "Construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle", and based on the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Hub Node, the reasons that why Chengdu-Chongqing hub node has been laid out as one of the eastern hub nodes were analyzed. It due to four aspects, namely, strategic location advantage of computing, data integration system guarantee, computing infrastructure compaction, and maturity of computing application scenarios. Further, the operations in the advanced data center of Western (Chongqing) Science City demonstrate that the nationalcomputing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle boosts the project that channels computing resources from the east to the west. Then the paper discussed the coordinated development between Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster, as well as the coordinated development between national computing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and national computing hub built in Guizhou province. It suggested that Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster should build coordination mechanisms from six aspects, including the network, data, computing power, industry, algorithm and energy. The neighboring national computing hubs can implement coordination based on the allocation of computing power business, the cross-domain circulation of data elements, and new business formats for digital cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, landslides induced by underground mining have attracted much attention as they cause great harm and early warning signals are difficult to detect. The key work of the early warning of a mining landslide is to clarify its initiation mechanism and evolution process. Due to the complexity of the deformation and failure of the goaf overburden and the lack of monitoring of the slope evolution process, the deformation and failure law and evolution characteristics of mining landslides have always been difficult to analyze. In this paper, a typical mining landslide, the Madaling landslide, was selected as the study object. The soft-hard interlayer structure of the slope was generalized and explored by centrifuge model tests and a 3D discrete element model. The results showed that the evolution of the Madaling landslide are divided into four stages: (I) the bending and collapse of the goaf overburden, the slope settlement and the formation of tensile cracks at the trailing edge; (II) the upwards extension of the subsidence cracks of the rock mass; (III) the occurrence of shear cracks in the rock mass, with gradual slope deformation as a whole; and (IV) the connection of shear cracks, with the initiation of landslides. The long-term gravity creep of soft rock and the extension of trailing edge tensile cracks cause the internal rock mass of the slope to become the key block controlling slope stability. The slope surface displacement (S)-time (t) curve of mining landslides is divided into the settlement stage, rock mass crack development stage and landslide evolution stage. The formation time of shear cracks in the rock mass crack development stage is a sign of the transformation of subsidence into a landslide. The relationship between the horizontal displacement and the depth of the rock mass effectively reflects the development stage of shear cracks. The horizontal and vertical displacement of the deep rock mass can serve as the early warning criterion for mining landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an infrastructure analytic for exploring the urbanizing landscapes of China's "national new areas." In an effort to develop a less city-centred approach to the transformations underway in these spaces, I consider the new area as an "infrastructure space" in which the conventional distinctions between rural and urban have become increasingly meaningless. Such an approach draws our attention to the ways large-scale infrastructures of connectivity are driving a decentred form of urban development in which the livelihoods of residents are shaped by access to networks more than proximity to city centres. Based on case-study research of urbanizing villages and the rapid transformation of rural livelihoods in Gui'an New Area in Guizhou province, I suggest that an infrastructure analytic sheds light on the ways national new areas can be understood as particular events in an unfolding regime of circulation that has come to dominate urban forms worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guizhou Province is located in karst mountainous area, so it is very important for the future layout and planning of the city to study the underground geological structure of the city based on seismic detection technology. In this paper, taking the underground active fault detection in the Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, China as an example, a set of appropriate evaluation techniques for the accurate spatial location, structural characteristics and latest activities of the fault suit for mountainous area are proposed. Through pre-stack noise suppression, amplitude fidelity and consistency processing, and multiple iterative analysis of velocity residual statics, the resolution of the geological structure of the underground rock has been significantly improved. Based on the detailed interpretation of the shallow seismic data and the regional geological analysis, it is concluded that the main fault strike of the Weining – Shuicheng section of the Weining - Shuicheng fault is NW, mainly normal fault, the dip direction is mainly southwest, partly northeast and the dip angle is 60-70°. The strata of the two fault plates are strongly compressed and broken, and the limestone and dolomite are generally recrystallized, and calcite veins and masses can be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the whole process of deformation–failure–movement of fault-type slopes under rainfall conditions. Taking the Guanling landslide as an example, this paper simulates the whole process of the Guanling landslide based on FLAC/PFC coupling. The research results show that the simulated Guanling landslide accelerates deformation and failure due to the influence of reverse faults and rainfall. In general, the simulated Guanling landslide first fails in the form of sliding on the left side and then collapsing on the right side. The bottom unit mainly consists of tensile–shear composite failure that is supplemented by shear failure. After the simulated Guanling landslide failure, the average peak velocities basically show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from top to bottom and from left to right. Overall, the landslide bed is basically in a state of compression, and the impact stress is constantly attenuated with the movement process. The σ1 trace of the landslide bed is basically consistent with the movement direction of the landslide body. As burial depth increases, the trace is obviously deflected downwards. According to the law of conservation of energy, the hydrodynamic work and gravitational potential energy are 2.96 × 1012 J and 4.43 × 1012 J, respectively, and the energy consumption of the peak bonding energy, peak kinetic energy, sliding energy and damping energy are 7.77 × 1011 J, 1.41 × 1012 J, 5.55 × 1012 J and 1.66 × 1012 J, respectively. Finally, the accumulation forms of the landslide bodies in each section after the termination of the simulated Guanling landslide are compared, and the simulation results are consistent with the actual situation, which confirms the reliability of the simulation results. These research results provide a reference for studying the failure mechanisms and movement characteristics of similar geological landslide disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the cooperative security of water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus system is one of the keys to achieve regional high-quality development. In the present study, the pressure-state-response (PSR) model was introduced to construct the cooperative security evaluation index system (CSEIS) of the WEF nexus system from the perspectives of stability of resources supply and demand (ST), coordination of resources utilization(CO), and sustainability of cooperative security of the WEF nexus system (SU). Then, the dynamic evolution trend and key obstacle factors of cooperative security of the WEF nexus system were revealed and analyzed respectively on the basis of comprehensive evaluation in Southwest China. In order to further improve the cooperative security of the WEF nexus system, this paper proposed a series of countermeasures from the perspectives of resources stability, coordination and sustainability, etc. The results showed that: The cooperative security of the WEF nexus system in four regions in Southwest China were maintained at their own levels with a relatively high probability. Specifically, the cooperative security of the WEF nexus system in Chongqing and Sichuan was mostly at Level III (moderate security), while that of Guizhou and Yunnan was mostly at Level IV (lower security). As for the transfer risk, the cooperative security levels of Chongqing and Sichuan were more inclined to transfer downward with limited potential and speed, while the cooperative security levels of Guizhou and Yunnan provinces were more inclined to transfer upward. More than half of the key obstacle factors came from the response system (e.g. D20, D21, D25, D27, and D28), indicating that the response subsystem had the greatest impact on the cooperative security of the WEF nexus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress of beneficiation technology, the proportion of fine-grained tailings in beneficiation production is gradually increasing, which makes the requirements for hydraulic classification equipment for filling higher and higher. In view of the high proportion of fine-grained tailings for filling in Jinfeng Gold Mine, Guizhou, and the serious aging of hydraulic classification equipment, this paper studies the optimization of hydraulic classification equipment selection. The necessity and equipment parameters of replacing hydraulic classification equipment are determined through material balance calculation. The effect of replacing hydraulic classification equipment is evaluated from 5 aspects: tailings particle size, underflow yield rate, aggregate concentration, production test block strength and economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree of coupling coordination can reflect the intensity of interaction between multiple-indicator system, and can characterize the harmonious and consistent degree of benign correlation between them. It is an effective measurement method for analyzing the level of coordinated development of tourism economy and ecological environment coupling. Guizhou, a mountainous province, is taken as the research object in this paper. Using entropy method and coupling coordination model, the coordinated development level of tourism economy and ecological environment coupling during 2011-2020 is measured and analyzed, and the coordinated development strategies for the tourism economy and ecological environment coupling in Guizhou, a mountainous province, are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades of rapid development, China has always attached great importance to the redevelopment of rural areas. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the rural revitalization strategy proposed at the meeting has always received extensive attention. In 2019, the Chinese central government released a document on its rural revitalization strategy. In the document, Guizhou Province was listed as a key area to receive focus on pursuing rural revitalization. Meanwhile, the Guizhou government also formulated The Implementation Opinions on the People's Government of Guizhou Province's Rural Revitalization Strategy. The aim of this paper is to try to establish a model according to the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the Guizhou government and extracts the main influencing factors from its analysis. Through the analysis of the data collected during the process of the rural revitalization, the paper undertakes a deep analysis of the evaluation and studies an optimized approach to the revitalization to provide a referenced review for other villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the ways in which the painter Pang Xunqin "translated" the bodies of non-Han people, by examining his visual representation of the Miao people of Guizhou during the 1940s. His work needs to be understood within the context of the history of anthropology in Republican China. Since he worked closely with Chinese anthropologists his work was largely informed by an anthropological understanding of human diversity and of ethnographic collecting and museum practice, a matter hardly explored among current studies on Pang Xunqin. Pang's representation of the Miao was influenced in equal measure by customary Chinese ethnographic illustration and Western anthropological photography. This paper highlights the many sources that can be found in Pang's works and reveals how he depicted the peripheral frontier. The biopolitics of the body, employed as a system of ethnic classification by Chinese anthropologists, affected Pang's visualization of Miao bodies. In order to build a politicized and unifying Zhonghua minzu, Chinese anthropologists, demonstrated bodily similarities between Han Chinese and ethnic minorities in the southwest of China under categories of "Mongoloid" or "Yellow" racial types. Pang thus depicted Miao bodies by emphasizing their bodily similarities with the majority Han Chinese and adopting the physical features of "Mongoloid/Yellow." His work provides a fine example of the ways in which art can become politicized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unbalanced pattern of population urbanization in Guizhou is mainly restricted by natural background conditions such as karst landform environment, and is also closely related to economic and geographical factors such as the developing difference in various regions in the province, the number and density of cities and towns. Based on the regional differences in the population scale and density in the Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses the regional distribution of the number, density and hierarchical status of towns, and analyzes the internal relationship between urban distribution and regional geographical factors such as population, immigration, historical construction, economic development and ethnic situation, which can deepen the understanding of the evolution process of Guizhou's population distribution and urbanization pattern, and provide a certain historical basis for Guizhou's population development and urbanization policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in raindrop spectrum characteristics is an important factor affecting the accuracy of estimations of precipitation. The in-depth study of raindrop spectrum characteristics is of great interest for understanding precipitation process and improving quantitative radar precipitation estimation. In this paper, the raindrop size distributions at Longli (57913), Puding (57808) and Luodian (57916) stations in Guizhou were analyzed from the perspective of precipitation microphysical characteristics. The results showed that the raindrop size distribution was different among different regions. The correlation coefficients of the mass-weighted average diameter for the rain intensities at these three stations were 46.89%, 49.51%, and 47.03%, respectively, which were slightly lower than the normal correlation coefficients of the average volume diameter for the rain intensities: 67.80%, 71.28%, and 71.46%, respectively. Based on the data from the Guiyang weather radar, raindrop spectrometer, and automatic rain gauge, the dynamic Z-I relationship method and the LSTM neural network method were used to estimate precipitation. The correlation coefficients of the dynamic Z-I relationship method and the LSTM neural network method at the three stations studied were 0.8432, 0.7763, and 0.8658 and 0.8745, 0.9125, and 0.8676, respectively. Regarding the process of stratiform cloud precipitation, the correlation coefficients of the dynamic Z-I relationship method and LSTM neural network method at the three stations were 0.6933, 0.0902, and 0.1409 and 0.7114, 0.4984, and 0.4902, respectively. In the estimation of cumulative precipitation for 45 days from 1 July to 16 August 2020, the relative errors of the neural network estimation at the three stations were −4.25%, −11.35%, and −8.68% and the relative errors of the dynamic Z-I relationship estimation were −2.68%, −7.41%, and −21.23%, respectively. The final relative error of the neural network was slightly worse than that of the dynamic Z-I relationship in the cumulative precipitation estimations of Longli station and Puding station, but the overall correlation coefficients of the LSTM neural network method were better than those of the dynamic Z-I relationship method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuren walnut is a unique germplasm resource of Juglans sigilata in Guizhou Province, named after its purple and black seed coat. It is a typical medicinal and edible plant with high nutritional value and good taste compared with ordinary walnut. The color of its inner seed coat is different from that of ordinary walnut, which is mostly light yellow. Wuren walnut has great market potential for development. To lay a theoretical foundation for the future breeding of improved varieties, pollination tree configuration, and hybrid breeding of Wuren walnut in Guizhou Province, this paper summarized the current research status of pollen vitality and stigma acceptability of Guizhou Wuren walnut in recent years, and looked forward to future research and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the physical properties of the soil in different land use patterns. In this paper, the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under different land use patterns (Uncaria rhynchophylla base, forest land and wasteland) in Uncaria rhynchophylla-producing areas of Jianhe County, Guizhou Province were studied, and the distribution characteristics of soil physical indexes under different land use patterns and their correlations were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physical properties between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere under different land use patterns. Compared with forest land and wasteland, Uncaria rhynchophylla base can significantly increase the soil water content, soil capillary porosity, and significantly reduce the soil bulk density. The rhizosphere soil water content was as follows: Uncaria rhynchophylla base (21.09 g/cm³) < forest land (20.19 g/cm³) < wasteland (19.19 g/cm³); The variation of soil capillary porosity was as follows: Uncaria rhynchophylla base (45.04 g/cm³) > forest land (31.37 g/cm³) > wasteland (22.51 g/cm³). Most of the physical indexes of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in forest land and wasteland showed weak significant correlation. The correlation of soil physical indexes in wasteland is weak, and the correlation between soil water content in rhizosphere and soil capillary porosity is strong. Different land use patterns have a great impact on soil physical indexes, so the role of land use pattern should be considered in the process of Uncaria rhynchophylla planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental problems caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources have become important factors affecting ecological security. Guizhou is a Chinese province with relatively developed paleoweathered sedimentary bauxite deposits, abundant resource reserves, and a long history of mining. And, the demand for bauxite in Guizhou is expected to continue to grow. However, long-term or unreasonable resource development has produced a series of prominent environmental problems, such as the occupation and destruction of land resources and heavy metal pollution in soil and water bodies. Based on the existing research results in China and abroad, this paper analyzes the current situation, distribution characteristics, and development and utilization of bauxite resources in Guizhou to explain the corresponding environmental impacts. The results show that because of the many types and high concentrations of associated elements in bauxite and the high alkalinity, heavy metal components, and radioactive elements in red mud, the development and utilization of bauxite resources are associated with higher environmental risk. And more impact of bauxite mining on regional biodiversity, soil, air, surface water, and groundwater need to be evaluated. This paper also proposes coping strategies or countermeasures of environmental governance and control to achieve the green, sustainable and high-quality development of bauxite-related industries for meeting future environmental requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has become a key technology for producing high-precision digital surface models (DSMs) and digital orthophoto maps (DOMs) in full time and all weathers. Airborne millimeter-wave InSAR, with large-scale and high-resolution imaging, is characterized by high spatial resolution, flexibility, and immunity to loss-of-correlation. This paper introduces our modeling experiments with airborne dual-antenna, Ka-band InSAR regarding typical topographies of China. Ka-band SAR data were acquired in designated experimental areas in flat (Heyang area in Shaanxi) and mountainous areas (Shibing area in Guizhou and Qionglai area in Sichuan). The key processing of the experimental data for DSMs and DOMs is demonstrated in the paper, especially the proposed robust and efficient phase unwrapping (PU) method for the interferometric data and block adjustment method of strip calibration. The results show that the proposed unwrapping method can provide reliable unwrapped phase results in undulating areas, and the block adjustment can carry out consistent calibration for strips with sparse ground control points (GCPs). The accuracy assessment of the DSM shows that the coordinate root mean square error (RSME) of the obtained DSM is less than 2 m in height, and 2.5 m horizontally, which meets the 1:5000 requirement for topographic mapping in difficult areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do provincial governments change policy, even when those policies have proven successful? This paper explores a debate regarding the determinants of provincial policy choice and the degree of discretion provinces are permitted in this area. It does so by scrutinizing the shift in Guizhou's development policy from a poverty reduction orientation to a wholehearted pursuit of economic growth, urbanization and industrialization. In contrast to those who argue that central experience, prospects for promotion or local conditions are key factors explaining policy choice, the paper concludes that Guizhou's shift in policy had more to do with the backgrounds and experiences of top provincial leaders. The result has implications for our understanding of central–local relations and local government decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, well-being of older people measure (WOOP) was developed and validated in a Dutch population. Although WOOP was developed targeting the older people, it has the potential for use in a wider population. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between WOOP and EQ-5D-5L and compared their psychometric properties in a sample of patients, carers and healthy general public covering a wider age group. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Guizhou Province, China between July and August 2022. Data was collected using paper and pencil. We analysed and reported the acceptability, item response distribution, the Spearman correlation coefficients of all items, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of all items, the known-group validity and the convergent validity of EQ-5D-5L utility and WOOP utility. A total of 322 participants completed the survey with 105 patients, 101 carers and 116 healthy general public. 9% of participants had at least one missing response. Three items of WOOP did not have any level 5 responses and EQ-5D-5L had more level 1 responses. The correlations were low between EQ-5D-5L and WOOP items and the three-factor EFA showed these two instruments had only one shared factor and the other two factors were only related to WOOP items. Younger people had lower missing response rate and a different response distribution for three items. WOOP measures a broader construct beyond health while EQ-5D-5L is a more sensitive instrument when health is considered alone. There is a potential of using WOOP in a wider population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laizishan anticline area is an important part of the Ceheng — Wangmo high gold concentration area in Guizhou province. In the area, a super large gold deposit and many small gold deposits and gold spots are dis-covered. At present, the area still has a good prospecting prospect. This paper systematically summarizes the geological features and tectonic ore control law and points out that Laizishan anticline area has obvious three-stage tectonic ore control characteristics, and that the migration and enrichment of deep-sourced ore-forming fluids are closely related to the three-stage tectonics. The tectonic system composed of hidden syngenetic faults of late Paleozoic + regional Laizishan anticline, interlaminar slip structure + mineral-grade faults and folds has an obvious control effect on gold deposit for-mation. The study established the ore-controlling model of the Laizishan anticline area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centella asiatica (commonly known as gotu kola, the Chinese name is Jixuecao) has a long history of application and is widely used in many countries. Ethnobotanical fieldwork with Buyi villagers in Guizhou Province, China revealed that Centella asiatica is one of the most frequently consumed herbal teas. This paper reports on the nutritional value of Centella asiatica and some preparation methods for a new complex health care tea that we developed with it. The main objective of this short case study is to reflect on the social and ethical implications of developing a commercial tea product based on traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum bicolor is cultivated worldwide. Leaf spots on sorghum, which lead to leaf lesions and impaired growth, are prevalent and severe in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. In August 2021, new leaf spot symptoms were observed on sorghum plants growing in agricultural fields. We used conventional tissue isolation methods and pathogenicity determination tests. Inoculations of sorghum with isolate 022ZW resulted in brown lesions similar to those observed under field conditions. The original inoculated isolates were reisolated and fulfilled Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological character and phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes, we identified the isolated fungus as C. fructicola. This paper is the first to report this fungus-causing disease in sorghum leaves. We studied the sensitivity of the pathogen to various phytochemicals. The sensitivity of C. fructicola to seven phytochemicals was measured using the mycelial growth rate method. Honokiol, magnolol, thymol, and carvacrol displayed good antifungal effects, with EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) values of 21.70 ± 0.81, 24.19 ± 0.49, 31.97 ± 0.51, and 31.04 ± 0.891 µg/mL, respectively. We tested the control effect of the seven phytochemicals on the anthracnose caused by C. fructicola: honokiol and magnolol displayed good field efficacy. In this study, we expand the host range of C. fructicola, providing a basis for controlling sorghum leaf diseases caused by C. fructicola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst regions are exceptionally responsive to global change with their harsh natural environment, fragile ecology, and acute human-land conflicts. The reconstruction of cropland spatial pattern in karst areas during the historical period is typical for studying human-land relations in karst areas and has important practical significance for climate study. The ecological environment changes at regional and global scales, primarily to provide essential data and a theoretical basis for studying the inverse evolution of rock desertification in karst areas. Guizhou province, a typical karst area, was selected as the research area in 1820. Based on the correction of historical population data and cropland data, a reconstruction model of cropland spatial pattern in karst areas during the historical period was constructed by selecting factors such as elevation, slope, soil types, organic matter content, climatic productivity potential, distance to river and distance from settlements to reconstruct the spatial pattern distribution of cropland in 1820 of Guizhou. The results show that the data on cropland recorded in Guizhou during the Qing dynasty is too low, mainly due to Yin-Ni and the policy of Tu-Di-Mian-Ke. In 1820, the total area of revised cropland in Guizhou was 1,851,792 hm2, with the highest proportion of 14.32% in Dading Fu and the lowest in Songtao Ting at 1.6%. Only 30% of the grid in Guizhou has a cropland distribution. It is mainly concentrated in the central part of Qianzhong District (Anshun and Guiyang Fu), the southern part of Qianbei District (Pingyue Fu and southern Zunyi Fu), the western part of Qiandongnan District, the central and eastern parts of the Qiandongbei District. The overall average reclamation rate of land in Guizhou is 10.93%, the highest reclamation intensity in Qianzhong District, with 8.5% of grids ≥ 50%, and the smallest in Qianxinan District, with only 1.65% of grids ≥ 50%. The analysis is validated by comparing the reconstruction model and the reconstruction results. It can be seen that the reconstruction model and research results of this paper can more objectively reflect the distribution of cropland in karst areas during the historical period, and the reconstruction model is suitable for karst areas with low productivity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the 2D (two-dimensional) characterization analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics requires complex sample preparation, destroys the sample structure, and produces stereological errors, a new method for analyzing mineral dissemination characteristics in the ore in situ, non-destructively and stereoscopically, is required. The research object in this paper is a medium–low grade calcareous-magnesium phosphate ore in Guizhou, and XMT (X-ray microtomography) and BPMA (BGRIMM Process Mineralogy Analysis) are used to conduct a comparative study of 3D (three-dimensional) and 2D analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics. The results of grain size analysis show that fluorapatite and gangue minerals belong to equal-grain dissemination, with very little fine particle content. The results of 2D analysis are finer than those of 3D analysis, but 3D non-destructive analysis produces more accurate results. In addition to particle size analysis, the binding relationship between minerals analysis results show that, when compared to the 2D distribution of minerals, 3D visualization can more intuitively and stereoscopically observe the distribution of minerals inside the ore and the intergrowth relationship between minerals. Through comparative study, it can be seen that the application of 3D visualization has developed a new method for the study of mineral dissemination characteristics, which makes up for the shortcomings of 2D analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different dimensions of wellbeing present heterogeneous trends, encouraging to resort to a multidimensional index for an inclusive overview on Chinese development based on household microdata. • Between 2011 and 2015 the average level of multidimensional wellbeing stagnated. Although a slight decrease in well-being is nominally recorded, the overall trend is stable when controlling for other phenomenon (such as the ageing of the sample). • Individual characteristics (such as age and gender) and residence matter in terms of multidimensional wellbeing. As expected, wellbeing decreases in old age following a non-linear trend, and women record lower outcomes too. Inhabitants of coastal provinces and urban citizens (provided they possess an urban hukou) have higher than average scores. The impact of these characteristics is not homogeneous across the distribution of wellbeing. • Heilongjiang province, an emblematic case of economic stagnation in the north-east, reports a significantly worsening well-being trend, significantly different from the remaining "pooled" data. On the contrary, the catching-up Guizhou province records faster growth in the multidimensional wellbeing index. After many years of outstanding GDP growth and structural changes, China is now facing an economic slowdown. This paper aims to analyse the effects of this slowdown on individual well-being, from a multidimensional and provincial perspective. The empirical analysis is based on data obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, for the 2011 and 2015 waves. The notions of moderate prosperity, harmony and balanced growth pursued by the Chinese Government are used to select nine dimensions. These dimensions – based on 56 variables – are aggregated into an individual well-being index using the Multidimensional Synthesis of Indicators technique. The econometric results reveal that, in the 2011–2015 period, individual multidimensional well-being stagnated; moreover, some dimensions were affected much more than others, according to individual characteristics (e.g. age, gender) and geographical differences (e.g. urban/rural, east/west provinces). This creates new challenges for the central and provincial governments of China, in their pursuit of a more 'harmonious' and balanced development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is a complex, porous medium with pore structures of various sizes. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the characteristics of pore structure by using the traditional geometry method. The results from the present investigation suggest that the porous media system of the coal reservoir has obvious fractal characteristics at different scales. To study the complexity of the pores in the coal reservoir, 27 coal samples from Guizhou, SW China were studied. The fractal dimensions of coal pores were calculated, and the fractal dimension of a pore in a coal reservoir can be classified into two types: percolation and diffusion. The comprehensive fractal dimension can be obtained using the weighted summation method and the pore volume fraction of different fractal segments as the weight. The percolation fractal dimensions (Dp) of coal samples are between 2.88 and 3.12, the diffusion fractal dimensions (Dd) are between 3.57 and 3.84, and the comprehensive fractal dimensions (Dt) are between 3.05 and 3.63. The Dd values of all coal samples are all larger than the Dp values, which indicates that the random distribution and complexity of diffusion pores in coal are stronger than those of the percolation pores. The percolation fractal dimension decreases as the maturity degree increases, whereas the diffusion and comprehensive fractal dimensions increase. The diffusion pore volume fraction and total pore volume are all highly correlated with the comprehensive and diffusion fractal dimensions, respectively. The correlation between the comprehensive fractal dimension, diffusion pore volume fraction, and coal reservoir porosity is negative exponential, whereas the correlation between the total pore volume and coal reservoir porosity is positive linear. In comparison with the percolation and diffusion fractal dimensions, the comprehensive fractal dimension is better suited for characterizing the permeability of coal reservoirs. The fractal analysis of this paper is beneficial for understanding the relationship between the fractal characteristics of coal pores and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of altered end-Guadalupian basaltic volcanoclastic rocks can increase the understanding of the alteration history of the overlying stratabound Nb(Ta)-Zr(Hf)-REY-Ga mineralization in the Late Permian coal-bearing sequences. In this paper, based on petrographic observations in addition to XRD, XRF, and ICP-MS analyses, we present and discuss in detail the relationships between primary and secondary minerals and outline the distribution of major and trace element chemistry in the middle/Late Permian basaltic volcaniclastics from the ELIP's zone, western Guizhou, southwest China. The primary clastic suite consists of plagioclase-group minerals, clinopyroxenes, feldspathoids, spinels, and basaltic glasses. Fragments of mafic and, less commonly, felsic and alkaline volcanic rocks are minor components of the studied samples. The alteration products are represented by various chlorite-group minerals (including abundant chamosite), quartz, calcite, albite, analcime, barite, and pyrite, along with relatively minor amounts of titanite, sanidine, magnetite, rutile, and copiapite. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the studied volcaniclastics provide strong evidence correlating them with the high-Ti basalt group, widely distributed within the inner Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and coeval rift zone of the middle and outer ELIP. After deposition, the volcaniclastics reacted with complex solutions including heated meteoric waters and were periodically infiltrated by seawater and ascending hydrothermal fluids. As a result, the primary volcanic rocks partly lost alkalis, titanium, silica, and most of the trace elements. These elements, especially the incompatible elements, were probably enriched in the overlying tuffaceous and coal-bearing sequences in the middle and outer ELIP. • Primary and secondary minerals of Emeishan basaltic volcaniclastics were presented. • The volcaniclastics reacted with complex solutions from various sources. • The primary volcanic partly lost alkalis, Ti, Si, and most of the trace elements. • The lost elements were probably enriched in the overlying sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic-rich shale related uranium (U) mineralization has attracted widespread attention as a strategic and clean alternative to fossil energy and a paleoceanic redox proxy. A comprehensive study of mineralogy, organic geochemistry and elemental geochemistry of the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation organic-rich shales in northeastern Guizhou, South China was conducted to address this issue. SEM-EDS results showed that the U occurrence state in the Niutitang Formation shales is dominated by nanoscale U minerals, mainly including coffinite, brannerite, U-bearing apatite and U-bearing xenotime. Various states of U are closely associated with organic matter, apatite, pyrite and clay minerals. Based on geochemical indexes, paleomarine condition and event deposition jointly drove the U enrichment in the Niutitang shales, in which hydrothermal activities and/or volcanic eruptions increased U fluxes in seawater and euxinic environment with high primary productivity provided a favorable condition for U reduction. The adsorption, complexation and reduction of UO 2 2+ by organic matter and the formation of uranyl phosphate complexes by the combination of phosphate and UO 2 2+ accelerated U immobilization and enrichment from bottom water to sediments. The microbial activities (e.g., BSR) in this process created favorable euxinic conditions and released inorganic-phase P to provide available ligands for UO 2 2+. The U enrichment models of the lower Cambrian Niutitang shales in northeastern Guizhou were established. This paper provides a new insight into the U enrichment mechanism in organic-rich shales, and may also have implications for the applicability of U as redox proxy and the exploration of organic-rich shale related U deposits. • The U occurrence states in Niutitang shales were studied through SEM-EDS. • Paleomarine condition and event deposition jointly drove the U enrichment. • Organic matter, phosphate and microbial participation accelerated the U enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]