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China started the pilot project of subsidy on desertification land protection in 2013. It had been established that 71 national desertification regions were closed and protected, and followed up to monitor for several years in five northwest provinces, Inner Mongolia and Tibet since 2016, while the valuable research conclusion had not been stilly taken. In this paper, the related research and practice at domestic and abroad were reviewed. The four suggestions were put forward for the problem to be solved in time by discussing the closed target and theoretical carrying capacity, based on the key factors on affecting grassland vegetation, the more important issues and the effect of grazing prohibition and monitor as follow. 1) The achievement of investigation and monitor of closed sand land and grazing prohibition during the past years should be concluded in time for providing the basis for government management and improving the closed sand land and grazing prohibition scheme and the next decision-making. 2) The theoretical carrying capacity of desertification region should be determined, such as the actual safe carrying capacity by the basis of the theoretical carrying capacity. 3) In order to improve the practical value of monitoring data, the monitored plot should be compressed, and further revised the monitoring index system. 4) The monitoring research on the benefit of closed sand land and grazing prohibition should be shifted from monitoring the response of vegetation by grazing intensity in the past to monitoring the response of land desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of carbon neutrality, renewable energy, especially wind power, solar PV and hydropower, will become the most important power sources in the future low-carbon power system. Since wind power and solar PV are specifically intermittent and space-heterogeneity, an assessment of renewable energy potential considering the variability of wind power and solar PV with high temporal resolution in different regions will facilitate more accurate identification of the decarbonization pathway of power system. In this paper, the complementary output potential of wind-solar-hydro power every 15 min in 31 Chinese provinces is evaluated by developing a multi-objective optimization model based on Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. The results show that the total annual complementary power generation potential in China is 17.57 PWh, of which the three components account for 47.8%, 25.3% and 26.9%, respectively. Inner Mongolia and Tibet are the major renewable energy source provinces with annual complementary power generation potential of 5330 TWh and 3907 TWh, accounting for 30.3% and 13.7% of the total power generation potential, respectively. The temporal potential of wind-solar-hydro power varies greatly, with daily potential is more volatile than monthly. Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of the complemental renewable potential makes some provinces suffer power shortage during long-hours period especially in winter. Our findings will encourage a higher penetration of renewable energy, the promotion of multi-energy complementarity, and the development of inter-provincial power transmission and energy storage infrastructure in China's future power sector. • A multi-objective wind-solar-hydro complementary optimization model is developed. • Electricity supply and demand have gaps at different temporal and spatial scales. • Wind-solar-hydro complementary potential shows great temporal and spatial variation. • Renewable complementarity can improve China's future power system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the management and practice of traditional medicine in three autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China: Inner Mongolia; Tibet; and Xinjiang. On this basis, the paper considers how established medical traditions might best be integrated into modern health care systems. It holds that indigenous forms of medicine that have been practiced successfully across many generations should be treated as different but equal within wider health care systems. China has made important progress toward this ideal but, at the same time, has quite a long way to go. It is highly recommended that Chinese policymakers increase their efforts to give all established traditional medicines different but equal status within regional health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation and characterisation of four chromium ore reference materials are described in this paper. The sample material for GCr-1, GCr-3 and GCr-4 was collected from chromite deposits in Tibet, Qinghai province and Inner Mongolia. GCr-2 is a composite sample from GCr-1 and GCr-4. Sample homogeneity was tested by WD-XRF and the relative standard deviations were < 1.0%. An F-test showed that all four materials were homogeneous. Thirteen laboratories involved in the inter-laboratory programme provided 672 determinations (eighteen oxides and elements). Sixteen components were characterised as certified values, of which Cr2O3 ranged from 17.59 to 57.80% m/m. The contents of FeO and CO2 were taken as reference values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]