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Everything that comes in, eventually goes out. One way or another. This paper will look into eating and defecating practices among rebels in Colombia, in particular, the FARC-EP. I will argue that these practices, despite being daily occurrences, have been overlooked in conflict studies. I will argue that eating practices in particular reinforced emotional bonds within the organization and fostered micro-solidarity. At the same time, eating and defecating practices reflected and reinforced, at once, organizational practices and ideological commitments of the rebels – particularly gender equality and collectivism. This paper, by focusing on cherished everyday activities which are deeply human, both biological and social, is a call to re-humanise this field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways in which women victim/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other human rights abuses in Colombia are co-facilitating repair and regeneration in their wider social ecologies – including their families, communities, built and natural environments – through their physical and emotional work. I begin by exploring the concept of co-facilitation which is used in socio-ecological resilience literature to designate the process through which individuals and communities cooperate with their social ecologies to make positive development possible after stressful/traumatic experiences despite systemic inequality and oppression. Using empirical data and following a growing corpus of literature which recognises that during war people are not only harmed but also build life alongside violence, I argue that victim/survivors and women-led organizations cooperate to co-facilitate positive change in women's lives and their communities. The paper concludes by reflecting on the role of these organizations as central resources in women's lives and the need to strengthen them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia is one of the most inequal countries in Latin America, which at the same time, is the most inequal region of the world. Even though this situation is discouraging it is not new, the difference lays on the importance that this situation has been taken in the political agenda in the nation, awakening multiple expectative between the citizens who has been the eternal losers: the poor. This paper focuses on the challenges that the new government of Gustavo Petro faces in matter of the inequality and poverty that affects over the half of the population in Colombia, at the same time provides a context of the Colombian case in the conjuncture of global and regional socioeconomic changes that incident on the chances of fulfill structural transformations at the social policy. Although this research acknowledges a large spectrum of inequalities existing in the territory (gender, generational, ethnic, racial) it focusses on the income inequality. This analysis takes place based on the data of specialized sources on the subject and the monitoring fluctuations of inequality in Colombia in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, cooperatives have proven to be powerful change agents, strengthening the longer-term sustainability of peasant agriculture to decrease vulnerability. In Colombia, the IMPACT project provided support to cooperatives, like Coocampo, in their development process. IMPACT's work was guided by a gender equity and empowerment approach to international development. This paper examines learning that resulted from participation in IMPACT's gender equity strategy, as realized through Coocampo activities. This qualitative case study examines how a critical transformative-learning focussed approach to gender in development, one incorporating women and men as change agents, created a shift towards a more equitable sharing of livelihood income; greater female participation in Coocampo activities and governance; and in some cases, a transformation of participants' perceptions of their roles as women and men, of themselves, and of their possibilities in life. Scholars call for ways for men and women to work in solidarity towards gender justice. This study contributes by presenting findings where a comprehensive approach was taken to enable gender justice by working towards women's empowerment and re-defining gender roles, and by working to improve economic security for families in an equitable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I want to analyze bullying and cyber bullying for the Colombian case. I want to show the role social media plays in the dissemination of hurtful words and symbols, especially emoticons and memes. This paper analyzes the long history of social mobilization where Courts have played an important role to advance their rights, and how, in some cases, social media, memes and emoticons have been used to express agreement or disagreement with this struggle. At the end, I want to analyze whether these emoticons, symbols, pictures or expressions fall within the reach of freedom of expression, according to Colombian Constitutional Court and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between the quality of legal education in Colombia and the gender and socio-economic status of law students. This paper shows that women with low economic capital tend to be the most disadvantaged because they can neither afford the best private law programs nor pass the admission tests of the best public programs. By contrast, upper-class women are guaranteed access to high-quality education because they have the economic capital to enter the best private programs without having to overcome major academic filters. Given that most law students have limited economic resources, one could say that the feminization of legal education has been achieved at the expense of lower-class women who are forced to study in low-quality programs. In this regard, Colombian legal education reproduces gender and class inequalities instead of reducing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a theoretical-reflective essay that aims to approach the way in which the role of women has been biased by social representations, inherited by generations. In these representations, men are more closely associated with work and professional development, while women are mainly associated with housework and family. One of the epicenters of this problem, in addition to the above, is education. Overall, in Latin America, and specifically in Colombia, social inequalities are very deep and reflect a gender gap, permanently reproduced, which could be traced in terms of colonization and intersectionality. This paper will address three key moments. Firstly, it places women in education; secondly, it observes, from a general point of view, the challenges in terms of gender equity for higher education (HE) from the incorporation of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and finally, it presents an intersectional methodological perspective, which manages to dialogue between the aforementioned moments. It is intended to make a first approach to this concept from the educational perspective as an opportunity that realizes the promise of social inclusion and equity for women in the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the gender wage gap for recent graduates in formal jobs in Colombia emphasizing the role that degree subject plays in explaining the gender wage gap at early stages of the labour market experience. To conduct the analysis we took advantage of a unique dataset that contains administrative records for individuals observed in formal employment one year after graduation from college and that contains detailed information for degree subjects. The results suggest that, on average the wage gap against women is about 11%, from which 40% is explained by gender diferences in the type of degree chosen. By using a distributional gender wage gap decomposition we find evidence not only of an increasing gap at diferent levels of the wage distribution but evidence that only 30% of it is explained by degree subject. This result also supports the existence of a glass ceiling phenomenon from early stages of labour market experience which is of particular interest for policy makers given that, some of the explanations given to the glass ceiling efect are related to experience and promotions, characteristics that are not significantly diferent for recent graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the process of implementing «gender equality» in North-South development cooperation. The hypotheses argue that the background of these processes involves a homogenizing desire whereby the goals of the West should be the goals of the world. The theoretical discussion is based on modern feminist critical theories. The first part reviews the main theoretical reflections related to post-modern feminism, and the second section provides empirical information on the relationship between Colombian and Aragonese NGDOs. The main conclusions state that, on the one hand, post-modern feminist theories represent an advance in the understanding of current patterns of development cooperation. On the other hand, in practice, «gender equality» on the development cooperation agenda often reproduces a type of patriarchal authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]