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In cross‐border regions (CBRs), especially in Cross‐Border Regional Innovation Systems (CBRISs) research, proximity has traditionally served as the primary framework for measuring cross‐border integration and supports the view that the closer the proximity on both sides of the border in terms of physical, functional, cognitive, institutional and other dimensions, the more integration is fostered. Recently, however, this view has been questioned, with both theoretical studies of 'related varieties' and empirical results from specific cross‐border cases challenging the adequacy of the proximity framework as a singular dimension for analysing CBR integration. To bridge this knowledge gap, this paper expands the proximity framework to four dimensions of relational proximity, innovation ecological environment integration, complementary advantages and common goals from the perspective of innovation ecosystem, builds an analytical assessment framework of cross‐border regional innovation ecosystem (CBRIE), and conducts an empirical analysis of the Shenzhen–Hong Kong CBR. The results show that the framework accounts well for the development of CBRIEs. Furthermore, the exchange of innovation factors between Shenzhen and Hong Kong has made greater progress and accelerated, and is moving towards building an innovation ecosystem. However, they have not yet formed a complete CBRIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to understand employers' views and preferences on the assessment of holistic competencies (HCs) in graduates, a topic with existing gaps in literature. With the disparities between higher education practices and employer expectations concerning HC assessment, the study focuses on what employers wish to see in graduates' resumes. As resumes play a pivotal role in recruitment, influencing who gets shortlisted, this research seeks to discern how graduates can optimally make a good first impression. In essence, the study endeavours to enhance knowledge on employers' inferences about a candidate's HCs and employability skills based on resume content. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive 12-item survey was devised to collect employers' perceptions and expectations of holistic competencies (HCs) assessment. The survey was informed by a synthesis of discussions with employers, teachers and a critical review paper. It aimed to understand employers' HC assessment expectations and bridge the teachers' understanding gap of students' HC achievements. Questions included demographic data, and specifics about employers' perceptions of graduates' resumes. The survey was hosted on Qualtrics and disseminated via the authors' networks, social media and university departments in Hong Kong, with responses gathered from April to June 2021. Findings: This study reveals that employers value holistic competencies (HCs), especially those developed through work placements and extracurricular activities, as indicators of job readiness in graduates. It is imperative for students to highlight these competencies in their resumes, potentially also demonstrating them through digital portfolios. The research underscores the need for higher education institutions to systematically document and report students' HC attainments. They can support students by informing them about employer expectations, offering writing workshops and resume samples. Integrating experience-based opportunities into the curriculum can also enhance HC development, preparing students for job market competitiveness and readiness. Research limitations/implications: The research limitations include the lack of a widely accepted, standardized method to document and evidence students' holistic competencies (HCs). The implications, however, stress the necessity for students to effectively communicate their HCs to employers, requiring awareness of expectations and adaptability to evolving technologies. Educators and higher education institutions must provide resources and opportunities to students to develop, demonstrate and document these HCs. In the absence of a standardised method for HC reporting, alternative solutions like e-portfolios and platforms like YOCLE can help students gather feedback and present evidence of competencies to prospective employers. Practical implications: The study's practical implications revolve around enhancing job readiness in graduates. Universities need to bolster their support, helping students understand employer expectations, offering writing workshops, resume templates and resources. Incorporation of platforms like YOCLE can help gather and retain evaluations, while promoting internships and extracurricular activities enhances HC development. Graduates must include work experiences, HC achievements and extracurricular activities in their resumes, even exploring digital portfolios for broader evidence presentation. They should also prepare for digital interactions like Zoom calls or video resumes, adapting to the technological advancements propelled by recent global disruptions. Originality/value: This research provides original insights into employer preferences regarding job candidates' holistic competencies (HCs) in resumes, an area not deeply explored in past literature. Focusing on how resumes can best demonstrate HC attainments, it offers practical guidance for higher education institutions preparing students for the job market. Although the study's scope is limited by geographical and industry-specific sampling, it provides a foundational understanding of employers' recruitment expectations influenced by resumes. Its value lies in its potential to spur further research into varying contexts and industries, leading to broader implications for graduate employability and resume building practices worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Anti-Extradition Bill protests in 2019 culminated in an unprecedented level of violence that departed from the established peaceful social struggles in Hong Kong. This paper examines the evolution of protest repertoires by analysing the interactions between protesters and state actors on a local and global scale. A dataset is presented to show the type, frequency and distribution of tactics. This paper reveals that structural and cultural changes as well as activists' cognitive, affective and relational transformations at the micro- and meso-levels were pertinent to tactical radicalization. Cognitively, militant tactics were pragmatic responses to state-sponsored violence and police violence. They were also the affective outcomes of grief and anger. These processes were intertwined with the relational dynamics that advocated horizontal mobilization and that shaped, and were shaped by, the political-economic interactions between China and the West. The result was an extensive use of violent tactics alongside innovations in non-violent tactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outline of the development plan issued by CPC Central Committee and the State Council for the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay Area clearly pointed out that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area should be built into a vibrant world-class urban agglomeration, an international science and technology innovation center, an important support for the construction of the "the Belt and Road," and a demonstration area for in-depth cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao; and a high-quality life circle suitable for living, working, and traveling should be created to become a model of high-quality sustainable development. In order to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, it is extremely important to enhance the regional business environment. This paper focuses on five influencing factors: policy support, talent guarantee, market supervision, financial support, and cultural promotion. Based on one-way ANOVA and Cobb Douglas function, this paper makes an empirical study on the two important node cities of Zhuhai and Macao. The results show that (1) different factors have different degrees of significant impact on the regional business environment, among which the industry type has the greatest impact, and the duration of enterprise registration has the least impact; (2) when the factors act alone, there is a significant positive correlation between the evaluation dimensions, but most of the correlation degrees are not much different. Finance and talents are the weaknesses of the business environment in the two cities. (3) When the factors are combined, different factors have significant differences in different regions. Zhuhai mainly benefits from policy support, while Macao mainly benefits from market supervision. (4) Regional integration can produce significant association relationship, among which cultural promotion is an important factor. These five important factors have been effectively identified, which have played a leading role in the further design and development direction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area in the future and have an extremely important enlightenment for the study of the business environment in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, promoting regional synergistic development has become the shared objective in city-regions during the new stages of development. This paper aims to uncover the dynamics of synergistic development in urban agglomerations by constructing an index measurement system based on four dimensions: industrial synergy, innovation synergy, infrastructure synergy, and institutional synergy. By comprehensively employing theories and methods such as "space of flow" big data analysis, network analysis, and interlocking network models, this study examines patterns and capacities of synergistic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The main instances of industrial cooperation between cities are observed in Hong Kong-Shenzhen and Guangzhou-Shenzhen; capital flows primarily concentrate in Guangzhou-Shenzhen and Hong Kong-Shenzhen. Research paper and patent collaborations between cities are predominantly concentrated in Hong Kong-Shenzhen; joint laboratories are mainly established in Hong Kong-Macao and Hong Kong-Guangzhou; inter-city co-construction of higher education institutions is mainly focused on Guangzhou-Foshan and Shenzhen-Hong Kong. Infrastructure synergistic development performs best in Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guangzhou-Foshan, and Shenzhen-Dongguan. Cross-border collaboration benefits from institutional advantages held by Hong Kong and Macao. Urban interactions with outstanding performance include Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Guangzhou-Foshan, Shenzhen-Dongguan. Additionally, increasing interaction trends can be observed between Guangzhou-Dongguan as well as Shenzhen-Zhuhai/Shenzen-Foshan partnerships. Understanding the typical characteristics and potential trends of synergetic development within the GBA holds significant practical value for establishing a first-class bay area along with a world-class urban agglomeration. • Concept and connotation of synergistic development in urban agglomeration area was examined. • Indicators and methods for evaluation of synergistic development in the GBA were conducted. • Patterns and capacities of synergistic development at urban scale in the GBA were explained. • Urban interaction with highest synergistic development level is Guangzhou-Shenzhen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]