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Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are the economically and ecologically most important blood-sucking arthropod vectors that can transmit disease agents under temperate climate. In this group, the highest number of species (currently nearing 270) belongs to the genus Ixodes. For this review, more than 400 papers related to this genus in the context of Russia were checked for data on the host records, locations of collection, as well as ecology of assigned tick species. This monograph compensates for the lack of a similarly comprehensive English-language overview of Ixodes species in the region of Russia for nearly half century, and also makes a large set of data easily available for international readers, which is especially important if the original source is difficult to access from outside this country. In addition, the data from a significant number of papers on this topic available only in the Russian language are made accessible through this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study provides detailed information on six previously described species of syringophilines associated with starlings and records new host and locality data. Additionally, three new species are described: Aulonastus indonesianus sp. n., Aulonastus anais sp. n., and Syringophiloidus poeopterus sp. n., from various starling hosts across Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Tanzania. The study reveals that species from the genera Syringophiloidus and Syringophilopsis exhibit a broad host range among passerine birds, suggesting a long-established symbiotic relationship before the global dispersal of starlings. In Europe, the Eurasian Starling hosts Krantziaulonastus, while in Africa, related niches are occupied by Picobiinae mites. The research highlights the intricate coevolutionary dynamics between quill mites and their avian hosts. Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae are widely distributed parasites of birds inhabiting the interior of feather quills. In this paper, we provide detailed information on the host spectrum and distribution for six previously described species of syringophilines associated with starlings with new host and locality records. Additionally, we describe three new species: Aulonastus indonesianus Marcisova, Skoracki, and Patan sp. n. from the Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Linnaeus in Indonesia (Java) and the White-necked Myna Streptocitta albicollis (Vieillot) in Indonesia (Celebes); Aulonastus anais Skoracki and Patan sp. n. from the Golden Myna Mino anais (Lesson) in Papua New Guinea; and Syringophiloidus poeopterus Skoracki and Patan sp. n. from the Abbott's Starling Poeoptera femoralis (Richmond) in Tanzania. Finally, we explore the host–parasite interactions within the system comprising starlings and syringophiline mites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a group of ectoparasites, chiggers (larvae of chigger mites) are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease). Rodents are the most important hosts of chiggers. The Anderson's niviventer rat, Niviventer andersoni, is an endemic species of rodent in China. However, few studies have involved this endemic rodent species and its ectoparasites including chiggers. According to the field investigation in five provincial regions of southwest China between 2001 and 2019, this paper retrospectively analysed the infestation and distribution of chiggers on the body surface of N. andersoni in southwest China for the first time. From 77 Anderson's niviventer rats captured, a total of 527 chiggers were collected and they were identified as 39 species and nine genera in two subfamilies of family Trombiculidae. Of 39 chigger species identified, Leptotrombidium deliense and L. scutellare are the most important vectors of scrub typhus in China. The overall infestation indexes were PM = 29.87%, MA = 6.84 and MI = 22.91, and the indexes of chigger mite community were Mf = 39, H' = 2.60, E = 0.71 and D = 0.12. The dominant chigger species are L. wenense, L. xiaguanense and L. fujianense with a total Cr = 51.04%, among which L. wenense is one of the six main vectors of scrub typhus in China. The dominant chigger species are of aggregated distribution among different individuals of the rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We report on the occurrence of parasitic quill mites of the family Syringophilidae on the well-known avian group birds-of-paradise. Our investigation resulted in the discovery of two new species of mites belonging to the subfamily Picobiinae, which has never before been recorded on birds-of-paradise. We hypothesise that the interspecific sexual behaviour of paradisaeids, which involves copulation with non-closely related host species, may have facilitated the spread of syringophilid mites between different and unrelated host species. These findings highlight the potential role of sexual behaviour in the distribution and transmission of parasitic quill mites among avian hosts. While birds-of-paradise (Passeriformes: Paradisaeidae) are a well-known group of birds, our understanding of their parasites is still limited. This study reports on parasitic quill mites of the subfamily Picobiinae (Acariformes: Syringophilidae), which have never before been recorded on this group of birds. The mite specimens presented in this paper were collected from birds-of-paradise that had been captured in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia in the years 1910–1911 and are now deposited in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany. Two syringophilid species are described as new to science: (i) Picobia frankei sp. n. from the magnificent riflebird Lophorina magnifica, the glossy-mantled manucode Manucodia ater, and the crinkle-collared manucode Manucodia chalybatus, and (ii) Gunabopicobia garylarsoni sp. n. from the twelve-wired bird-of-paradise Seleucidis melanoleucus and the lesser bird-of-paradise Paradisaea minor. We hypothesise that the presence of both picobiine species on phylogenetically unrelated paradisaeids may be caused by the sexual behaviour of these birds, where interspecific copulations may play a role in the switching of parasites between non-closely related host species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iolinid mite Coccalicus clavatus Willmann, 1952 was collected during a survey from the soil of Gilanegharb, Kermanshah, Iran in 2022. This species was first described in the family Alycidae by Willmann in 1952 and then André and Uusitalo transferred it to the family Iolinidae in 2006, accompanied by transferring species from the genus Paratydaeolus to the genus Coccalicus. Some challenges about species characters of this mite are discussed in this paper and the synonymy of C. lukoschusi and C. clavatus is proposed. The genus consists of 12 species with clavate trichobothria, and is related to various habitats like soil, stored products, under barks, on leaves of different plants, and on birds. They have been reported from Europe, Antarctica and North America and this is the first record of the Coccalicus mites from Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species Trigonuropoda (Latipilitrigon) foliata sp. n. was recorded in material collected from soil and leaf-litter in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park in Vietnam. This paper presents an illustrated description of the female and male of this species along with comparisons with closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In addition to causing dermatitis, some gamasid mites are also the vector or potential vector of some zoonotic diseases. Located in the northwest Yunnan Province of southwest China, the Three Parallel Rivers Area of China is one of the hotspots of biodiversity research in the world. Based on the previous field survey in the Three Parallel Rivers Area from 2001 to 2015, this paper reports the species diversity and basic community characteristics of gamasid mites on small mammals in this unique geographical area for the first time. From the body surface of 3830 small mammal hosts, 26,048 gamasid mites were collected and identified as 10 families, 21 genera and 82 species (excluding 847 unidentified specimens) with high species diversity. The species diversity of the gamasid mite community fluctuated greatly in different elevation gradients. The highest peaks of species richness and β diversity appeared at altitudes of 3000–3500 m (S = 42) and 1500–2000 m (β = 17.5), respectively. The species abundance distribution of the mites was successfully fitted by Preston's lognormal model, and the total number of gamasid mite species in the Three Parallel Rivers Area was estimated to be 153 species. (1) Background: Gamasid mites are a large group of arthropods, and some of them are of medical importance. Besides directly biting humans and causing dermatitis, some gamasid mites are the vector of rickettsialpox and potential vector of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The Three Parallel Rivers Area of China is one of the hotspots of biodiversity research in the world, with complicated topographic landforms, different types of vegetation, special elevation gradients and high biodiversity. (2) Methods: Species richness (S): the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou evenness index (E) were used to analyze the basic community structure. The β diversity (Cody index) was used to reflect the diversity difference between any two adjacent elevation gradients. The method based on Preston's lognormal model for species abundance distribution was used to estimate the total number of gamasid mite species. (3) Results: A total of 3830 small mammal hosts captured from the nine survey sites were identified as 44 species, 27 genera and nine families in five orders. Apodemus chevrieri, Eothenomys miletus and A. draco were the dominant host species with a total constituent ratio Cr = 52.037%. From the body surface of the hosts, 26,048 gamasid mites were collected and identified as 10 families, 21 genera and 82 species (excluding 847 unidentified specimens) with high species richness (S = 82) and diversity (H = 2.33). The three dominant mite species were Dipolaelaps anourosorecis, Laelaps nuttalli and L. echidninus, with a total Cr = 64.46% (16,791/26,048). There are significant differences in the species composition, species diversity and dominant species of gamasid mites on different hosts. The species diversity of the mite community fluctuated greatly in different elevation gradients. The highest peaks of species richness and β diversity appeared at altitudes of 3000–3500 m (S = 42) and 1500–2000 m (β = 17.5), respectively. The species abundance distribution of the mites was successfully fitted by Preston's lognormal model with S ^ (R) = 19 e − [ 0.22 (R − 0) ] 2 (α = 0.22, R2 = 0.9879). Based on fitting the theoretical curve by Preston's model, the total number of gamasid mite species was estimated to be 153 species. (4) Conclusions: Gamasid mites on small mammals are abundant with complex community structures and high species diversity in the Three Parallel Rivers Area of China. There is an apparent community heterogeneity of the mites on different hosts and in different environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Natural enemies of cheatgrass, an invasive plant in the western USA that is associated with recent increases in destructive wildfires, were sought as part of a classical biological control program targeting that plant. A population of mites was discovered infesting cheatgrass plants in central Bulgaria and determined to be a new species using morphological, morphometric analysis (i.e., measurement of specific body parts) and DNA barcoding (i.e., comparison of DNA sequences in genes shared by all mite species). Without these modern analytical tools, this mite would probably have been considered as the same species as another mite that infests other plants. This new mite species will now be tested to determine if it is suitable for importation and release in the USA as a biological control agent of cheatgrass. A new species of eriophyoid mite, Aculodes marcellisp. nov., was discovered on cheatgrass, Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski (syn. Bromus tectorum L.), an annual grass that is native to Eurasia and Northern Africa. This grass was introduced to North America near the end of the 19th century and now is widespread and associated with the observed increases in the size, frequency, and intensity of wildfires in western N. America. In this paper, A. marcellisp. nov., is morphologically described and illustrated. Compared with other Aculodes spp., it differs based on morphology and the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene, subunit I (MT-CO1). Results of morphometric analysis showed clear differentiation between A. marcellisp. nov., and the most similar congener, A. altamurgiensis from Taeniatherum caput-medusae. Analysis of MT-CO1 sequence divergence revealed significant levels of genetic variation (17.7%) and supported the results from the morphometric analysis; therefore, it is determined that they are two different species. Aculodes marcellisp. nov., is a new candidate agent for classical biological control of A. tectorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive. Identify ectoparasites in the primary feathers of adult ostriches in a hatchery of Department from Cauca, Colombia. Materials and methods. A total of fifteen adult animals (over 7 years old) with an average weight of 120 kg (10 were females and 5 males) were selected for the study. From each specimen, three primary feathers were extracted in the wing, being deposited in plastic bags and sent to the Basis science laboratory at Universidad Antonio Nariño. A counter sample of mites fixed in alcohol at 70% was sent to laboratory of the Universidad Nacional, then, the parasites were mounted o slides and under the microscope. This study was descriptive and convenient. Results. The feathers had disorganized barbs and a brown powder on the rachis. Microscopically was identified approximately1000 specimens of a feather mite per sample of order Astigmata, family Pterolichidae and genus Struthiopterolichus sp., being able to differentiate male, female, nymphs and larvae. This is the first report of the mite Struthiopterolichus sp. in ostriches from Colombia Conclusions. In the ostriches inspected were collected feathers that contained the mite Struthiopterolichus sp. The evidence of this mite can generate alerts of control and health surveillance inside of the hatchery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revised higher classification of Acari. Satoshi SHIMANO (Science Research Center, Hosei University 2-17-1, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8160 Japan) Several of the recent higher classification systems of “Acari” were reviewed. The taxon group as “Acari” finally disappeared in recent systems. A correspondence table between the recent higher systems reached a consensus based on phylogenetic papers and the old system with 7 suborders (general in Japanese text books) were provided with some Japanese name of taxon groups appropriately modified in the present paper. Japanese name of Poecilophysidea (Acariformes + Solifugae) was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The walnut leaf gall mite (Aceria tristriatus) is one of the major pests of walnut in western Iran. Therefore, a study to determine the predatory mites associated with this pest in Hamedan and Lorestan provinces was carried out during 2014-2017. In this survey, totally 10 species belong to six genera and three different families including Phytoseiidae: Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan, Typhlodromus khosrovensis Arutunjan, Euseius finlandicus Oudemans; Iolinidae: Neopronematus iranensis Ahmad-Hosseini et al., Neopronematus solani Ripka et al., Pronematus rykei Meyer & Rodrigues; Tydeidae: Tydeus caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, Tydeus goetzi Schruft, and Tydeus electus Kuznetzov were collected and identified. Kuzinellus kuzini Wainstein had the highest frequency and distribution in this survey. Among the collected species, Typhlodromus khosrovensis, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani, E. finlandicus, N. solani, Tydeus caryae, Tydeus goetzi and Tydeus electus are re-described in the present paper. Tydeus goetzi and Neopronematus solani are reported for the first time for Hamedan and Lorestan provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results of a study on the Scaptognathus (Acari: Halacaridae) mites from the Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey. Two species, S. hallezi Trouessart, 1894 and S. sabularius André, 1961, are newly recorded from Turkey. They are briefly described with drawings, habitats, and worldwide distributions. Additionally, a checklist is provided for the marine halacarid species of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lasioerythraeus saboorii Khanjani, Raisi & Izadi was described and illustrated based on larvae ectoparasitic on Aphis punicae (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Boshrouyeh, Ferdows city, South Khorasan Province, Iran. In this paper, additional specimens were collected on unknown species of Chloropidae (Diptera) as host from Mahvelat City, Khorasan Razavi Province and additional metric data are provided. A revised key to world larval species of Lasioerythraeus is presented. Chloropidae is reported as a new host for the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Cheyletoidea)—also called quill mites—are permanent and highly specialized ectoparasites of birds living inside the calamus of the various types of the feathers. In the present paper, we conducted a study focused on prevalence, host specificity, networks, and phylogeny of the syringophilid mites parasitizing on pigeon and doves (Columbiformes). We postulate that the Syringophilidae mites and Columbiformes bird system represent a model which can be used in a broader study of the relationship between hosts and parasites. The quill mites belonging to the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) are obligate ectoparasites of birds. They inhabit different types of the quills, where they spend their whole life cycle. In this paper, we conducted a global study of syringophilid mites associated with columbiform birds. We examined 772 pigeon and dove individuals belonging to 112 species (35% world fauna) from all zoogeographical regions (except Madagascan) where Columbiformes occur. We measured the prevalence (IP) and the confidence interval (CI) for all infested host species. IP ranges between 4.2 and 66.7 (CI 0.2–100). We applied a bipartite analysis to determine host–parasite interaction, network indices, and host specificity on species and whole network levels. The Syringophilidae–Columbiformes network was composed of 25 mite species and 65 host species. The bipartite network was characterized by a high network level specialization H2′ = 0.93, high nestedness N = 0.908, connectance C = 0.90, and high modularity Q = 0.83, with 20 modules. Moreover, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the quill mites associated with columbiform birds on the generic level. Analysis shows two distinct clades: Meitingsunes + Psittaciphilus, and Peristerophila + Terratosyringophilus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe two new species belonging to the family Lohmanniidae: Mixacarus turialbaiensis sp. n. and Paulianacarus costaricensis sp. n. from Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (L., 1758) (Passeriformes: Estrildidae) is a small passerine bird native to Sub-Saharan Africa that has been introduced into several regions of the world. Results: In the present paper, eight mite species (Acariformes) are reported from this host from Brazil, including three species new to science: Montesauria caravela n. sp., M. conquistador n. sp. (Proctophyllodidae), Trouessartia transatlantica n. sp., T. minuscula Gaud & Mouchet, 1958, T. estrildae Gaud & Mouchet, 1958 (Trouessartiidae), Onychalges pachyspathus Gaud, 1968 (Pyroglyphidae), Paddacoptes paddae (Fain, 1964) (Dermationidae) and Neocheyletiella megaphallos (Lawrence, 1959) (Cheyletidae). Comparative material from Africa was also studied. Conclusions: These mites represent at least three morpho-ecological groups regarding their microhabitats occupied on the bird: (i) vane mites (Montesauria and Trouessartia on the large wing and tail feathers); (ii) down mites (Onychalges); and (iii) skin mites (Paddacoptes and Neocheyletiella). On one bird individual we found representatives of all eight mite species. Although the common waxbill was introduced to the Neotropical region almost two centuries ago, we demonstrate that it still retains its Old World acarofauna and has not yet acquired any representatives of typical Neotropical mite taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes the first ectoparasite faunal survey of bats for Marinduque Island, Philippines. From 1-12 June 2010, 150 bats belonging to 11 species were captured in 11 caves on the island. Each bat was sampled for ectoparasitic arthropods, and a total of 587 individuals representing 21 species, belonging to five families (Acari: Argasidae and Spinturnicidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae; and Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae) were collected. New host records (new host record) in the Philippines for Brachytarsina cucullata Jobling 1934, B. proxima Jobling 1951, B. werneri Jobling 1951, Raymondia pseudopagodarum Jobling 1951, Eucampsipoda philippinensis Ferris 1924, Nycteribia allotopa Speiser 1901, Nycteribia allotopoides Theodor 1963, Nycteribia parvuloides Theodor 1963, Ancystropus taprobanius (Turk 1950), and Carios batuensis Hirst 1929 were documented. A checklist of the ectoparasitic species known from the Philippines, their distribution, and bat host species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new plant-feeding mite species, Tetranychus solanacearum Çobanoğlu & Ueckermann sp. nov. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is described and illustrated. The samples were collected from various solanaceous plants (Solanaceae) [black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), spiny nightshade (Solanum rostratum Dunal), jimsonweed or datura (Datura stramonium L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)] in Ankara Province, Turkey. A key to all species of the genus Tetranychus Dufour known to occur in Turkey is presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 20 Mesostigmata species are recorded from the Korean Peninsula, of which 15 (Asca nubes Ishikawa, 1969, Lasioseius tomokoae Ishikawa, 1969, Evimirus uropodinus (Berlese, 1903), Macrocheles glaber (Müller, 1860), Macrocheles punctatus Ishikawa, 1967, Pachylaelaps ishizuchiensis Ishikawa, 1977, Gamasiphis pulchellus (Berlese, 1887), Ololaelaps ussurinensis Bregetova & Koroleva, 1964, Gamasellus humosus Ishikawa, 1969, Gamasholaspis variabilis Petrova, 1967, Parholaspulus hiasmaticus Petrova, 1967, Podocinum tsushimanum Ishikawa, 1970, Neoparasitus scleoides Ishikawa, 1969, Veigaia ochracea Bregetova, 1961, Uropoda similihamulifera Hiramatsu, 1979) are presented as first occurrences from this peninsula. Asca aphidioides (Linnaeus, 1758) is already reported from the southern part of the peninsula, but we present the first occurrence in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. One species (Trachytes koreana Kontschán & Lim, sp. nov.) is described and illustrated in this paper. Seventeen of the recovered species were collected in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the others were collected in the area of Republic of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct a brief reflection on the empirical design of Acari as the cleanest city in Brazil, as referenced in the 70s of last century. As an introduction, we developed initial considerations on the city, having as a methodological resource the knowledge acquired through the subject-matter Arquitetura e Cidade no Brasil. As a follow up to the text, we reflected conceptually about the city, a parameter space to understand Acari - the cleanest city; territory, to understand the city as a historic creation, and the Environment, whose purpose was to associate the theme of the work to the social and environmental sustainability. We have used two contexts: the first of crisis and dissemination of the cleanest city title. The second, relating to urban legislation and city codes established in the imperial and republican periods, which ruled the territory of Acari in the last two centuries, marking the tradition of urban neatness, cleanliness and hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of violent conflict and of fortified settlements is a subject little studied within Peruvian archaeology. However, I consider it vital to investigate and determine the time and the reasons under which fortified settlements were first established. The central aim of this paper is to discuss when and why fortified settlements emerged first in the Acari Valley and, by extension, in the south coast of Peru. Available archaeological evidence indicates that during the Early Intermediate Period, Tambo Viejo was a fortified settlement protected by several massive walls. Other neighbouring sites in Acari were also fortified. Furthermore, in Acari there is conclusive evidence for violence in the form of decapitated individuals. In contrast to evidence coming from Acari, not a single Early Intermediate Period settlement from other valleys of the Peruvian south coast can be securely identified as fortifications, thus making the Acari sites the earliest fortified settlements of the entire Peruvian south coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Gamasid mites are a large group of arthropods and some of them are ectoparasites on the body surface of rodents and some other small mammals. Some species of ectoparasitic gamasid mites are associated with the transmission of some zoonotic diseases such as rickettsialpox and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Based on a 12-month consecutive investigation at Jingha village in southern Yunnan of China from April 2016 to March 2017, the present paper studied the infestation and seasonal fluctuation of gamasid mites on the Indochinese forest rat, Rattus andamanensis, the most dominant species of rodent at the investigated site. The temperature and rainfall are two key factors that influence the seasonal fluctuation of the mites. A 12-month consecutive investigation was made at Jingha village in southern Yunnan of southwest China from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 2053 Indochinese forest rats (Rattus andamanensis Blyth, 1860) were captured and examined, which account for 84.69% (2053/2424) of all the animal hosts (rodents and other small mammals) at the investigation site. And 39.82% (13,531/33,980) of gamasid mites were identified from the body surface of R. andamanensis and they belong to 41 species, 10 genera, 3 subfamilies and 2 families. Of the 41 species of gamasid mites identified from R. andamanensis, Laelaps nuttalli Hirst, 1915 and Laelaps echidninus Berlese, 1887 were the most dominant with 70.63% and 20.67% of constituent ratios respectively. In monthly fluctuations of all the gamasid mites on R. andamanensis, the constituent ratio (Cr) and overall infestation mean abundance (MA) of the mites in 12 months showed two obvious peaks in January (winter season) and June (summer season). However, the two dominant mite species, L. nuttalli and L. echidninus, showed different patterns of seasonal fluctuations. Laelaps nuttalli occurred throughout the year, and its Cr and MA showed two prominent peaks in winter season (December and January) and summer season (June), which belongs to the summer-winter type of seasonal fluctuation. Laelaps echidninus also occurred on R. andamanensis throughout the year, but its Cr and MA showed only one peak in winter season (December and January), which belongs to the winter type of seasonal fluctuation. A negative correlation existed between two climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) and the infestations (Cr, prevalence PM and MA) of two dominant mite species (L. nuttalli and L. echidninus) on R. andamanensis (p < 0.05). Temperature and rainfall are considered to be two key factors that influence the seasonal fluctuations of the mites on the studied rat species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil invertebrates have limited defences against moisture stress but little is understood of how irrigation influences their community. This paper investigates the influence of five summer irrigation schedules on earthworms over a 15-month period in a long-term pasture irrigation study. The influence of the two extreme rates of irrigation on other soil invertebrates was also examined. The effects of frequent drought periods under dryland pasture favoured small and short-lived nematodes and oribatids. During wetter months, earthworm abundances were similar between dryland and irrigated treatments, while earthworms tended to migrate down the soil profile and aestivate in response to soil water deficits during summer. The higher abundance of earthworms in the summer months under irrigation may partly explain the lower soil carbon found under irrigation, due to enhanced rates of soil organic matter turnover, despite higher primary production and inputs of carbon. It is thus important to consider irrigation schedules not only to optimise plant growth, but also to optimise the invertebrate community and its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was based on 8 species of 5 genera of Phytoseiidae of the order Mesostigmata (Acari) found in 67 samples. These specimens were collected from Hakkari province in 2005 and 2006. Among the species, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) tamaricis Kolodochka, 1982 is a new record for the Turkish fauna. The descriptions and drawings of female T. (A.) tamaricis are given in this paper. The distribution of each species, worldwide and in Turkey, is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Intensification of agricultural practices is leading to an increased rate of severe soil degradation in the central area of Argentina, with large areas being converted to arable lands. The application of different management practices to soil impacts edaphic mite populations by altering the organic inputs and by influencing the soil microhabitat. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of three different land management practices on soil mite density in temperate agroecosystems of Córdoba, Argentina, in comparison with a natural soil. Standard abiotic soil properties were also analyzed. Six samples per plot and per sampling date were taken at bimonthly intervals from August 1999 to June 2001. A gradient of increasing soil degradation was evident in physical, chemical and physicochemical soil properties from natural to agricultural plots. Total mite density decreased as soil cultivation increased. However, different responses to land management were observed when comparing the different suborders of mites. Oribatida and Mesostigmata were more sensitive to the agricultural practices than Prostigmata and Astigmata. Densities of the last two suborders seemed to be unaffected by soil cultivation in some periods. Oribatida, Mesostigmata and pooled mite density showed a hump-backed relationship with management intensity, with a maximum in the cattle management. It is concluded that the influence of soil cultivation on soil mites as a whole was negative, with more intensively managed systems tending to reduce mite density, although different suborders were differentially affected by agricultural intensification. We suggest that the reduction of total mite, Oribatida and Mesostigmata densities in the high-input managements is mainly explained by the perturbations produced by conventional agricultural practices and by environmental soil conditions present in the intensively managed sites that were unfavorable for these groups of mites. The implication of the changes reported in mite abundances on soil processes is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simple Summary: Several fungal species are well suited to control arthropods, being able to cause epizootic infection among them and most of them infect their host by direct penetration through the arthropod's tegument. Most of organisms are related to the biological control of crop pests, but, more recently, have been applied to combat some livestock ectoparasites. Among the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, innocuous for humans, animals, and plants and isolated from different environments, showed the most relevant activity against arthropods. Its entomopathogenic property is related to the production of highly biodegradable proteins. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria are usually employed against agricultural pests, and some studies have focused on their use to control animal arthropods. However, risks of infections in animals and humans are possible; thus, further studies about their activity are necessary. The present study aimed to review the papers dealing with the biological activity of fungi and bacteria against some mites and ticks of veterinary interest. In particular, the attention was turned to the research regarding acarid species, Dermanyssus gallinae and Psoroptes sp., which are the cause of severe threat in farm animals and, regarding ticks, also pets. Their impact on animal and human health has been stressed, examining the weaknesses and strengths of conventional treatments. Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the most widely employed agents. Their activities have been reviewed, considering the feasibility of an in-field application and the effectiveness of the administration alone or combined with conventional and alternative drugs is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The present study investigated recolonization patterns of selected soil and litter arthropods following replanting of pasture with rainforest species in the Mary River catchment of eastern subtropical Australia. While extensive research has been conducted in rehabilitated mined sites in Australian dry sclerophyll forests, very little attention has been paid to rainforest restoration on previously pastoral land. We examined the utility of soil and litter arthropod groups for monitoring the progress of restoration, and the relationship between arthropod assemblage patterns and environmental factors potentially under the control of those doing the replanting. Leaf litter was extracted from 20 sites: five remnant rainforest, five pasture, and 10 sites that had been revegetated (from 1 to 12 years previously) with a diversity of indigenous species. Ants (identified to genus), centipedes, millipedes, isopods, amphipods and mites were enumerated and their assemblages described with multi- and univariate methods. Ant genera alone proved unable to distinguish pasture from rainforest, and mites (identified only to oribatid or non-oribatid) proved of limited use because these two groups were present in all samples in extremely high numbers that overwhelmed the contributions of other arthropod groups. However, a coarse taxonomic approach using five arthropod groups (ants, centipedes, millipedes, isopods, amphipods) clearly discriminated between pasture and rainforest, and also arranged the revegetated sites between these two extremes. Simple frequency scores based on the presence/absence of these arthropod groups in each of three replicate subplots were sufficient to achieve this separation of site types. Habitats created by close planting of trees and mulching may accelerate invertebrate colonization and, thus, promote the rapid establishment of processes and functions characteristic of developing rainforests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]