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This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the cholera epidemic of 1833 in the city of Veracruz, from a sociodemographic approach, using information from the burial records of the Parish between 1832 and 1834, as well as the statistics and reports prepared by the Governors of Veracruz from 1827 to 1834, with which it has been possible to develope mortality indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing activities in Mexico are ruled by a strong gender division of labor: men fish in lagoons and at the sea, while women sell produce or fish in lagoons and rivers for selfconsumption. However, the implications of such gender division of labor in terms of women's access to aquatic resources and the relevance of their fishing activities to the diet have remained unexplored in the literature. This paper aims at contributing to these issues by analyzing subsistence fishing practices in Ixhuapan, a native community in the Sierra de Santa Marta, Veracruz. Data were gathered using group and individual interviews, a socioeconomic survey and four consumption surveys. Results indicate that the variety and size of subsistence fishing produce have been reduced to two species: shrimp and mojarra. The gender construction of fishing instruments determine the kind of animals that women and men can catch. Women use matayahuales (circular nets) to trap fish, while men use arrows, large nets and mata-yahuales, these latter only on special occasions. The paper concludes that the use of certain fishing instruments does not depend on men's or women's physical abilities but rather on local cultural norms that establish female adequate behavior, thus limiting women's access to aquatic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with sexual behavior from a gender perspective in women from a town located at the south of Veracruz State, Mexico. I point out how the female sexual behavior is a result from that particular male society and how it imposes moral codes to women, due to their male hegemony which needs to control female sexual behavior. I analyze that sexuality is a social construction and a changing historical product, therefore sexual moral codes are present as changing elements that show in advance the social picture and the female fantasies over their moral obligations. Also, transgressions from the "ruling" perspective are explained in accordance with the idea that accepted sexuality is genderized from a moral point of view but not relevant with the actual activities of the collectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to further the knowledge of the raw materials used in the elaboration processes of the earthen architecture in archaeological sites. Although earth as a building material has a wide distribution in the world, there is little information on the way raw materials were processed in antiquity. For this reason, we are proposing an "architectural" study comparing some of the buildings of two pluristratified sites: on the one hand Arslantepe (V millennium BC - VII century AD), in the Province of Malatya, Turkey, and on the other hand La Joya (I millennium AD), in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. The methodology used to achieve the objectives is based on: a) the chemical, physical and mechanical analysis of building material samples - mud-bricks, mud-plasters and fills; b) the architectural analysis of wall bonding and construction systems; and c) the 3D virtual reconstruction of the major buildings, supported by archaeological evidence. The combination of these different lines of evidence allowed explaining and contextualizing the main features of earthen architecture in these two cultures. Preliminary results reveal that the ancient builders developed a profound knowledge of the possibilities of the building materials in a given environment, empirically deriving the most effective solutions. All the data analyzed so far show a highly sophisticated architectural design on both sites. The structural calculations for load distribution, the choice of the most appropriate sediments for each architectural function, "the aggregate technology" in the mud-brick and mud-plaster mixtures, and other relevant topics developed in this work prove that mechanisms regulating the earthen architecture, when transmitted overtime, are actually more effective than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer satisfaction refers to the evaluation of results from the consumer experiences. A predictor of customer satisfaction could be the training of the contact employee. The aim of this paper is to analyze the predictive role that training can have on the value of the "service quality"-"customer satisfaction" relation. The sample of this study consists in 43 employees and 191 customers of hotels located in Veracruz State. The results show correlation between the level of employee training and quality of service perceived by the consumer and, consequently, their level of satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is investigated through a careful quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the news in Veracruz, to figure out the influence of the press in the electoral behaviour through the analysis of the media tendency of 10 local papers, selected from their regional geographical cover, during the Elections to choose Federal Representatives in 2009. The Theory is based on the paradigm of the electoral behaviour in the psychosocial model that matches with the researches of the mass media, political culture, and public opinion, all these framed in social representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration counts of raptors have been used as a valid technique to assess population levels. Counts from Veracruz, Mexico, have the potential of generating valuable information for regional- to continental-scale populations of some species and to provide coverage for others that are not monitored elsewhere. This paper evaluates the use of Veracruz migration counts to monitor populations, documents the adjustments made to a currently existing method to analyze migration count data and fit it to the specific properties of our dataset, and presents estimates of population change over a decade. We used long-term, effort-adjusted migration count data to generate annual indexes of abundance. The series of annual indexes is fitted to a polynomial regression to produce an estimate of the annual rate of change. The use of this methodology with Veracruz data shows its usefulness to datasets of many species, as well as limitations to datasets from species with high interannual variation in migration counts, and those recorded rarely. In seven species, the authors found significant population change. Six of them, Swallow-tailed Kite, Mississippi Kite, Cooper's Hawk, Swainson's Hawk, Zonetailed Hawk, and Peregrine Falcon show increases at an annual rate between 1.9-15.7% per year-1 in the period 1995-2005. One species, the Northern Harrier, is decreasing at a rate of -8.4% year-1 during the same period. Trends reported here reveal population increases in most cases, and concur with the pattern found in migration counts from surveys such as the Breeding Bird Survey and the Christmas Bird Count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper correlates the practices of agricultural work in the coffee and sugar cane plantations with the lifestyle of workers, with a particular focus on the impact for older people in the central part of Veracruz, Mexico. Research shows that while coffee and sugar cane generate different lifestyles, they do not generate substantial differences in quality of life. However, they involve a different approach to life projects and life style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reutilization of sculptures is a process that has taken place in different cultures around the world. This can be due to several reasons: ritual, symbolic, or economic, among others. In this paper, the reutilization of sculptures is described not only as a practice of Olmec culture, but particularly during the Late Classic period in southern Veracruz where the monuments were reused originally by Olmecs. This phenomenon also corresponds to an increase in population that occurred during the Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic Villa Alta phase at sites that first flourished during the Preclassic period. The modification of monuments these sites allowed the new inhabitants to integrate new meanings and to provide coherence within their way of thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Myrtaceae family in Mexico is represented by twelve genera widely distributed in temperate, tropical and semiarid regions. The family has economic importance due mainly to the extraction of wood (from Eucalyptus spp.), of fruit for human use (Psidium spp.) and to the practice of apiculture (in Eugenia spp.), among other uses. Several genera representing the family have been recorded in Quintana Roo, among which Eugenia, with several species, is well represented in the tropical rainforest. Wood of this genus has important local uses: poles and pillars used in the construction of rural houses, it has also been used to build railroad (sleepers). Valuable melifer species have also been found. Its wood structure has been poorly studied; therefore this paper describes the anatomy of Eugenia capuli (Schlecht. & Cham.) Berg. and of Eugenia mayana Standley, wich were collected in the common land (ejido) Cafetal Limones, Quintana Roo. The anatomical descriptions, have produced esthetic, macroscopic and microscopic studies using the three typical cuts and dissociated material. A statistical analysis was done using the measurable characters which were determined based on the value of the mean. Botanical data was included in each description. In both species, the wood is light brown, with diffuse-porous and the vessels have simple perforation plates; the axial parenchyma comes in stripes and it is diffused; rays are heterogeneous type I, II, III and libriform fibres. E. mayana is different from E. capuli in that it has axial parenchyma vasicentric, triseriate rays and its fibres have gums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a series of papers dealing with the diversity of anamorphic saprophytic fungi in cloud forest remnants from the Veracruz state, an account of 25 species are described and illustrated. All of them but Helminthosporium solani are new records for the Mexican mycobiota. The species Dictyochaeta tumidospora, Fusariella intermedia, Hyphodiscosia queenslandica and Dictyosporium digitatum had not been recorded since their original description. For all taxa, data about their geographical distribution and substrates are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the distribution in Mexico of the ant genus Thaumatomyrmex is analyzed. The Los Tuxtlas region in the state of Veracruz represents the most northern locality for this rare Neotropical genus. Body measurements and photographs of the two specimens collected are provided; the status of the species remains unclear due to the lack of definition on the species diagnostic characters. The rarity of the genus in Mexico is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests some reflections on the impact of associative evangelic experience in Veracruz, Mexico. I consider the representation made by evangelists about their performance. I try, from an anthropological point of view, to analyse the evangelic practices as well as the social dynamic that they generate in the social actor and in the social structure, taking into account the three main evangelic tendencies: pentecostal, neo-pentecostal and historical. I consider three different contexts: the urban, the rural and the indigenous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]