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The challenges faced by teachers during the confinement caused by Covid-19 were more severe for those who look after students with special needs or learning barriers, particularly in a context marked by the scarcity of specialized technological tools and an incipient development of digital skills among both teachers and students. The paper analyzes the conditions in which teachers who work in basic and upper secondary education in Mexico carried out their jobs from April 2020 - December 2021. The analysis is based upon a structural attributive research of explanatory scope that retrieved information through a survey. 140 teachers participated in the process; their responses were statistically analyzed and mapped out using the Geographic Information System and the ArcGIS program, in order to highlight regional differences and shortcomings. The results presented focus on two axes of the Common Framework for Digital Teaching Competence (Content Creation and Security) and show the persistence of socio-educational gaps. Those who express that to have developed these competences are teachers from urban areas, particularly those who have less years of service, higher academic degrees, and are in the seek of job stability. This leads to the conclusion that there is a need to strengthen differentiated training processes that respond to the specific needs of educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the psychological, social and emotional effects of social isolation. Its objective is to reflect on this measure taken during the pandemic, focusing on the psychological consequences. On the one hand, it is based on official speeches, critical views and mental health research. On the other hand, a study is made on the subject in Mexico, in which opinions, practices and the cognitive, emotional, behavioral and relational impacts are addressed. This is done through a bibliographic and documentary review, as well as surveys, questionnaires and interviews, for the country and for Mexico City. As a result, the consideration between benefits and risks in general is presented. In particular, a favorable assessment from the population, a relative follow-up, an accumulation of unpleasant feelings, psychological disorders, as well as changes in habits, activities and relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main axes of the criminal process for adolescents is the application of alternative forms of justice, which are regulated in the National Law of the Comprehensive Criminal Justice System for Adolescents in two forms of alternative solutions: Reparatory Agreement and Conditional Suspension of the Process. In this paper, some reflections are presented as a result of the work carried out between 2021 and 2022 in the areas in charge of applying the Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in criminal justice for adolescents in Mexico City, the State of Mexico and in Chiapas. Interviews were conducted with the facilitators (in the three entities) and with adolescents who participated in criminal mediation processes (State of Mexico). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la conservación de elementos arqueológicos de papel y textiles encontrados durante una investigación arqueológica del Templo Mayor, en la Ciudad de México, México. La autor considera las características de materiales orgánicos hallados en contexto arqueológicos y describe los tratamientos empleados para su conservación.

Since his arrival to the presidency of Mexico in 2018, López Obrador has established a communication strategy focused on his daily press conferences, called mañaneras, through which he tries to establish the informative agenda of the country. It is common for the president to use a discursive rhetoric tending to polarization, for which he makes use of cues or labels that offer a context to understand the issues on which he is pronounced. The paper seeks to analyze the use of labels or cues by the president in his discourse, for which a quantitative content analysis was carried out on a sample of his interventions (N = 867) during a year in the mañaneras. The findings made it possible to detect two discursive schemes from the convergence of different cues: one that tends to present an Us visualized in a new government scheme, linked to positive aspects such as engagement or the fight against corruption, compared to an Others that presents the previous government, linked to negative aspects such as corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of financialization is present in the health sector, particularly in the case of large pharmaceutical companies. In the case of Mexico, there has been an expansion of pharmacies with medical offices as a result of capital flows, but also due to the absence of a quality public health system. This paper analyzes how the contemporary processes of pharmaceutical company financialization have allowed the expansion of the medical office-based pharmacy scheme and, to a certain extent, the "substitution" of health services managed by public authorities in the urban peripheries of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico. Based on information from Farmacias Benavides and Farmacias Guadalajara, issued by the Mexican Stock Exchange, on several indicators on health and pharmacies in Mexico, as well as semi-structured interviews with residents of the metropolitan periphery, it is argued that the exponential growth of pharmacies in the last two decades is linked to the policy of expansion and construction of social housing. These housing projects, largely due to weak regulatory controls, do not develop an adequate health infrastructure both in qualitative and quantitative terms, thus favoring the opening of financial instruments that have allowed large pharmaceutical companies to expand in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo informa sobre el descubrimiento de los restos de un molino de papel en la Ciudad de México que data del siglo XVI. El molino, construido en el período colonial por la orden agustina, tuvo incidencia en la aceleración del proceso de evangelización en la Nueva España.

This paper explores the Mexico City Government's accountability with respect to public debt in the time period 1999-2015. The questions we pose are as follows: To which projects were resources emanating from public debt allocated? Did the accountability mechanisms make it possible to evaluate the projects funded with public debt? Although the laws stipulate that entities are bound to be transparent about their allocation of debt, there is clearly only partial accountability when it comes to all of the funding models, including: private banking, development banking, the stock market, and public-private partnerships (PPP). Moreover, the opacity is total where evaluating outcomes is concerned. Using a cointegration test for debt and public investment, we assert that total public debt has some effect on the behavior of public investment in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent expansion of studies on gentrification in Latin America, there seems to be a lack of discussion between different approaches and a hasty closure of the dispute between demand side and supply side explanations. The authors of this paper aim to contribute to the argument analyzing the production of consumers as part of the production of space. The aforementioned process entails an ideological work developed by diverse types of agents, leading to the creation of a symbolic rent gap. The discussion is illustrated with the case of two commercial areas in the center of Mexico City, which resulted from urban renewal of previously downgraded sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the program offerings on broadcast television in Mexico City from its own content and from a structural perspective in three dimensions: socio-historical, economic and political, to reflect on their implications for the transition to democracy. In that sense realize the results of a socio-historical analysis of broadcast television in Mexico City, a review of communications policies in the Mexican television derived from the historical relationship between media-state and program offerings in open signal. The paper reports a high concentration in two major television companies and resulting in a very limited supply of content to the production of six stations, two with high prevalence and important guidance to the entertainment and fiction, one that reproduces the model above, and three of the so-called "public" with a marginal line, as the choice for the metropolitan audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper releases the development of a qualitative research with the methodological resources of a Didactical Engineering to study the case of two groups of math teachers of the Mexican pre-University level that work with disadvantaged youth (indigenous or from the Mexico City impoverished neighbourhoods). The assumption of the research is establishing didactic conditionings to support actualization processes for teachers, which first of all look for reflections on the uses and Junctions of mathematical knowledge. Secondly, this paper intends that the teachers' transit through the learning spaces provides them with tools to modify their teaching practice, which they acknowledge as underachieving. This paper, through an illustrative example, releases the analytical advances on the research on the teaching staff that works with urban marginal populations. With this we strive to open discussion and reflection spaces about the scope and limitations of the mathematical knowledge when this is taught with the formality and rigor that characterize the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, certain governments and civil society organizations are taking part in processes of building up policies, programs, and projects. This situation opens a way for the appearance of quizzes about each of them responsibility for these activities. This article analyzes the concept of shared responsibility and tries to find out the proper definition for the interaction among actors, the way it is established, the values and attitudes that it promotes, as well as the rules, the management mechanisms and the resource distribution that rule that mentioned relationship. With regard to the establishment of this kind of relationship, this study presents the main aspects of some experiences that were carried out in Mexico City, as well as the challenges that the developed strategies and methodologies face. The application of new internal control approaches has been already taken by rules and norms from diverse fiscalization methods in several countries of the American continent (the most notorious case seems to be the Act Sarbanes Oxley, in the United States). The latest control models are being progressively included as a basis for the definition of fiscalization procedures in different countries. This paper explains the way that this framework may be actually used through two different action lines, which are separated but complementary. They can be used both in the Public Sector and private companies for: the development of organizational institutional diagnosis and the establishment of intervention plans, as well as fore the continuous monitoring of internal control structures as a method for contributing to management. On the other hand, the present study presents real cases of practical use of the COSO Model in Latin America. These cases support the work hypothesis created by the author, as well as the features that the writer has identified in projects that have implemented this tool in diverse organizations. Through these examples, and the case description, it can be understood the way the COSO Model, as the object of the current study, should take in order not to remain as just an abstract or academic concept. The COSO Model presents an integrated framework that influences organizations in a concrete and direct form. It covers a place that had not been occupied when considering control under the old concept. Finally, this paper tries to develop the integrated COSO Model framework from a practical point of view, and not only theoretical. Besides this, the article emphasizes the usefulness of the Model concepts as an especially managerial tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking for new orientations to apply to the analysis of the metropolitan complexity, this paper analizes a suburban district of Mexico City from the point of view of the anonimous subject living and making the city, his neighborhood and the urban life, through any everyday life action. This form of analysis will be called as the "social construction of peripherical territory"; "way of life" and the "social subjectivity" are also central concepts in our interpretation of the reality. Therefore, in the first part of the paper, we explain the concept of "social construction of peripherical territory" for the purpose of using it as a way of analysis of the suburbs of large cities. Then, in the second part of the paper, we are re-constructing the concept of "way of life" and finally, we are presenting some results of our research about the practical contents of both concepts --way of life and subjectivity-- in our study area, the Chalco Valley, a large suburb of Mexico City. The way of life only can be understood in its differents configurations, if we introduce a study to the everyday practices of the inhabitants; those are requiring also the analysis of subjectivity as the way of giving sense to the everyday actions of the subject, to its everyday practices. In this relationship between the everyday life of the inhabitants of the periphery and the related imaginary, a social construction of the territory is taking shape as a process including materials expressions and offers from a symbolical type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agglomeration of cultural / creative industries and specialized retail stores in urban districts marked by a rapid urban transformation process has been identified as "Creative Districts". It has been assumed that these districts are economic clusters in the sense of being an economic system formed by specialized companies and their corresponding labor market. From our point of view these districts are only a visible part of a larger economic cluster operating at the metropolitan scale which includes many different areas, enterprises and jobs. In this paper we discuss the conceptual and methodological problems of bringing the concept of economic cluster or industrial district to the intra-urban geographic scale. In order to confront the idea of 'creative districts' as functional economic areas separable from the rest of the metropolitan economy, we apply the methods commonly used in urban studies on creative industries to identify possible creative districts within Mexico City. The identified districts are contrasted in their economic structures to determine if there are indications that indeed they are differentiable and functional economic clusters from the rest of the metropolitan area. We conclude by arguing that the data found sustain the existence of a single metropolitan economic cluster and no small clusters in urban districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on women and work are substantial; however, the relevance of the subject allows continue investigating and know the current experiences of its protagonists. It is precisely the purpose of this paper analyze contemporary reflections of mothers-fathers with respect to the exercise of motherhood and work. From the socio-cultural perspective, as part of a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were made to middle-class parents. Reported their reflections and the reasons why renounce women the labour field. Become critical reflections on the topic and proposed alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to study the vitality of the subjunctive in the Spanish speech of Mexico City and find alternations with the indicative. To this purpose 1164 samples of subjunctive forms in 18 speakers from the Sociolinguistic Corpus of Mexico City were examined. As linguistic variables, tense, the conventionality of the construction, the form of the utterance, its syntactic context, and main semantic-pragmatic values were analyzed; polarity, factuality, probability, assertiveness and interchangeability with the indicative were also taken into account. The sociolinguistic variables considered were level of education, age, and gender. The study reaffirms the full vitality of the subjunctive (especially in people with more education, youth and women). The most common subjunctive tenses are the present and the past. Syntactic contexts and semantic and pragmatic values are important to characterize the use of the subjunctive, but in order to understand the alternation with the indicative, it is necessary to consider the factuality, probability and assertiveness involved in each specific instance. More detailed study of the 439 cases of relative interchangeability with the indicative could be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lease of property for housing has always been problematic in Mexico City. Tenants and landlords, two opposing groups that need each other; have been in the past twenty five years, subjects of particular attention of the Mexico City and Federal Legislature. This paper analyze the Real Estate Leasing Controversies and we seek to demonstrate that they violate Articles 13, 14 and 16 of the Federal Constitution, because they would be privative, they would have been applied, between February 1985 and September 2009 - by special courts and would be used to submit a social class, as well as contrary to due process. They should be abrogated, and as that happens, be counteracted with the legal resources suggested here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the spatial patterns and trends of vehicle theft crimes in Mexico City. Data on arrests and criminal warrants are examined at the municipality and police sector levels. Also, series are examined in a yearly, monthly and daily fashion. This allows the detection of hot spots and the probabilistic forecasting of vehicle theft crimes on a daily basis. This is performed within reasonable limits of data reliability, sampling error, and in disconnection from theoretical postulates. Findings are discussed in relationship to criminal prevention policy actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a reference about the importance of the public transportation systems development in Mexico City through a perspective of service quality and its relation with the sustainable development, related to the environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the linguistic and sociolinguistic distribution of future forms (morphological -FM- or periphrastic variants -FP-) in 1519 examples from 36 speakers, a fraction in the materials included in the Sociolinguistic corpus of Mexico City. Main results are three: 1) even though FM is still alive in Mexico City, its use is residual in several ways; 2) more significant variables are referred to the sort of variation between forms, temporal distance, epistemic character, presence of a negative domain, school years and age, among others; 3) the process -a change from below- is in its last steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone (MCMZ) the generation of employment spillovers may be associated with the adoption of new technologies (via foreign direct investment), the immigration of qualified or talented people, and/or the presence of research and development centers, among other factors. In the present paper we analyze the role of employment spillovers in the manufacturing and professional service sectors using two groups which we have classified as creative and technological. The core result we reach is that the patterns of employment spillovers have changed over the last two decades and have been conditioned by the intensification of the outsourcing process experienced by the MCMZ. In particular, it is proposed that this process of economic conversion in the metropolis has meant that the spillover employment effects occur over short distances of spatial diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is mainly based in two ethnographic studies which describe how high school students live their youth and their sexuality in two different contexts: natives youngsters in rural communities and youngsters in a high school placed in Mexico City. These studies assume that school is, above all, a place of youthful encounter, particularly of encounter with the other gender. The identity of the youngsters and the representations of the worlds of love and sexuality are built in practice, in the encounter with the "other" and its reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is recognized that the main concepts mentioned (labor market, employment, work, wage, informal sector, precarious job, micro-enterprise, ambulatory commerce and feminine work) are not deeply analyzed, because this document is part of a larger research project called "Woman and affective work: another aspect of informality" from which there are already some sub-products that deal with the referred concepts in depth. This is why, in this article we just analyzed the affective work genesis and the conceptual interrelations inherent to such analytical category. Evidently, this is done with the aim to respond to the goals established by the project of creating a theoretical net that will allow us to get closer to the reality expressed by some of the concrete practices of woman labor force typified as effective work in the Federal District of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional anaemias affect more than one third of women of reproductive age worldwide as a result of a lack of one or various nutrients involved in the haematopoiesis, mainly iron. Women are at higher risk because of menstruation. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the association between the perception of the amount of menstrual bleeding and iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, ferritin and hemoglobin deficiencies, among women from Mexico City. This cross-sectional study included 12-49 year old women, that were not pregnant or breastfeeding. Hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 were quantified. Self reported menstrual bleeding was estimated by using a 10 cm long visual analogue scale. Associations were calculated by Student's T test, Chi2 and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Sensibility and specificity were depicted in a ROC curve. Results showed that anaemic women perceived a larger menstrual blood loss than those non anaemic (p<0.05). No differences were observed in any other of the micronutrients studied.The visual analogue scale is an easy-to-answer and cheap screening test that could be used in apparently healthy populations to detect the risk of anaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the notion of narrative identity related to the Historic Center of Mexico City. According to this category, identity is narratively constructed in an ongoing dialogue with culture, defined by Clifford Geertz as the ensemble of stories we tell ourselves about ourselves. A high number of events that have been incorporated to Mexico’s official history have had this area as their setting, especially the main square. The cultural policies directed in recent years towards the Historic Center of Mexico City provide an adequate case study for the notion of narrative identity applied to heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a reference about the importance of the public transportation systems development in Mexico City through a perspective of service quality and its relation with the sustainable development, related to the environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to describe the medical care off in the newborn infant during the last third of the nineteenth century at the Maternity-Infancy Hospital in Mexico City which was the first public welfare institution in the country. Some historical data about the hospital are also mentioned as well as the onset of the speciality of Neonatology in Paris, France. Features of the first incubator manufactured in Mexico are described and its usefulness in the care of premature infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes how and why, in the early 20th century, women came to constitute the majority of elementary school teachers in Mexico City. A study is made of the statistical tendencies during the time period, the criteria for hiring and promotion, and the professional profile of teachers by sex, as well as the discourses on women and teaching. In 1875, 56.8% of all teachers were women; thirty years later, out of 1,046 teachers, 76.2% were women. Two factors were decisive: a) educational opportunities were created for girls to attend elementary school in numbers equal to their male classmates, reflected in employment opportunities for female teachers; and b) men became uninterested in attending normal school, while a large numbers of female teachers were certified. In conclusion, I analyze the discourses on sexual difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a (re)construction of the point of view of public transport drivers that in Mexico are derogatorily called "chafiretes". "Chafiretes" are a typical figure in Latin American cities. By taking their point of view I aim to explain part of the passion they feel for their profession. I consider this passion to be a key element in understanding a certain urban way of life. In this investigation, I assume an inside perspective on what these drivers have to say about their work, and at the same time I explore the collective origins for why these drivers experience value in their jobs and maintain a loyalty to all what transport means as an institution. This involves learning their specific social needs, their universe and their problems, so as to get closer to the infrastructure in which they move -that is, their locality in the social spaces of their neighborhood and city-. This perspective looks to establish a contrast between the different testimonies of the drivers and explains how this negative image is frequently selfconstructed by themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buenos Aires City is located on an extensive plain region. The recognition of the geomorphic features in such urbanized environments is especially difficult because they have been smoothed or covered by pavement and buildings. Nevertheless, characterizing and locating the geomorphologic features provides valuable information for the management of many of the environmental problems of the city of Buenos Aires, where floods are the main natural environmental problem. The understanding of geomorphology and drainage systems behavior , is essential for the design of structural building works and for contingency plans that will minimize disruptions and economic loses generated during such events. This paper presents a methodology for the study of the topographical and geomorphic features of the city of Buenos Aires, also replicable in similar urban environments. In these environments the recognition of geomorphic units, based on quantitative, morphometric parameters, is possible when these are obtained from high resolution sources such as cartography to a scale of (e.g. 1:5000) or from photogrametric surveys, that do, however, have numerous interferences in urban areas, resulting less efficient. The current study counted on a significant number of data, an essential requirement to achieve the objective of this work, thanks to the existence of previous, detailed, topographic surveys. The mapping of geomorphic main units and subunits of the city of Buenos Aires, was performed by visual interpretation of morphometric parameters derived from a Digital Terrain Model using Geomatic technologies. The Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was constructed from contours of an equidistance of 1 m, originally produced from a vectorial base of digitally enclosed points with an average density of 3.97 points / ha. The non-linear interpolation method 'non-linear rubber sheeting' was used to construct the DTM, on the base of the aforementioned contours. A shaded relief model was generated (Azimuth: 45°, Sun elevation: 45°), that was useful to qualitatively describe the relief. Slope, aspect, and profile convexity models, which contain morphometric values useful for characterizing the surface, were also constructed. Frequency histograms of the models were sliced to produce discrete classes which were then represented on maps. By superimposing these models, interpreting them visually, and digitalization on-screen, a map of the geomorphic units of the city of Buenos Aires was created. The main geomorphic units identified were the Pampean Plain and the Estuaric Plain. The former was subdivided into: interfluves, valley slopes, flood valleys, while the latter it could be recognized two subunits: Paleoseacliff and the almost flat relief of the Estuaric Plain. The main slope of the city's terrain (E, NE, and SE,with 16.40; 15.90 and 14.79 %, respectively) is related to its underlying structure. The paleoseacliff that separates the Pampean Plain from the Estuaric Plain mainly runs NW-SE, reflecting a similar system of internal tectonic faulting. The maximum and minimum- convexity values coincide respectively with the upper and lower edges of the paleoseacliff. These were located on the DTM at average heights of 14.63 (st. deviation = 2.09) m a.s.l. and 6.20 (st. deviation = 1.71) m a.s.l. .The modal slope value for the city is 0.04°. The paleoseacliff is the subunit with the steepest slope (modal value = 1.06°), followed by valley slopes (modal value = 0.61°), whereas none of the other subunits have a modal value greater than 0.04°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This abridged report on the characteristics of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was carried out during the First Latin-American Consensus on ADHD celebrated in Mexico City on June 17-18, 2007. It was organized by the Group of National Experts for the Study of ADHD, and 130 neuroscience specialists from 19 Latin-American countries participated. A search and review of articles published over the last 15 years was performed through PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and EBSCO databases. We analyzed articles including diagnosis and/or treatment guides, treatment algorism from any country, and approved and non-approved treatments for ADHD according to regulatory health agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration. The information in this paper, from diagnostic parameters to algorithmic drug placement, was bases on the number of articles dealing with pharmacological or therapeutic treatment as well as on diagnostic criteria in compliance with evidence-based medicine; this is, with double-blinded clinical assays and meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the Mexican elections of July 4th, 1926, which enabled Plutarco Elías Calles to seek a second presidential term on a fully constitutional basis. Those elections had their own significance, but also provided the framework for the second half of Calles' administration. I focus only on the elections in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary interest of the present paper is to reflect about the transformations in modem society and their effect on the daily dynamics of the city and in the practices of the people who inhabit it. Our reflections are centered particularly on Mexico City and in the youths who live there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the ways in which indigenous peoples in Mexico were related to the literate world of the courts of law in the 18th century. It discusses litigation over communal lands in the southeastern edge of Mexico City and the oral evidence Indians presented to judges and court clerks: each line we encounter with in the documentary sources falls within the bounds of an specific code of communication --the law-- and sets us in the midst of an illustrated world pretending to extend its rules to an illiterate collectivity. Juridical writing stood in one end and the illiterate Indians who attended the court on the other. I use one of the many manuals for court clerks --Práctica de escrivanos, by Francico González de Torneo-- to introduce the academic references that shaped everyday practice in the courtroom. Thus the Indian will be seen in his contact with that specialized language. These manuscripts, however, were part of a society defined by orality. We will see how some of the most recent thought on oral communication is revealed in the social codes set down by the hand of the scribes: truth inscribed within a divine order, memory as collective testimonies, the word as an act of faith, or the dramatization that accompanied the written document are some of the characteristics that show how both types of communication, oral and written, shared the stage. This, in the last instance, should lead us to identify that the truth sustained by the art of rhetoric, as practiced then, stood far from the objective an verifiable truth purported by the printed word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses in the new working experiences that had to be implemented by a group of middle class families in Mexico City. Through these new working activities people were searching for ways to cop with the temporal or definitely loss of emplyments and how to face the lack of economic re sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without any doubt, one of the main contributions to the anthropological studies aimed to the study of the family in diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts, was to ponit out the complexity and diversity of variations that act in the internal organization of these ones to mitigate the effects of the fast processes result of sociocultural and economic changes that are experienced by societies as a whole. Examples of these can be some of the strategies followed by families in order to adapt themselves to environments characterized by lack of jobs and poverty. It was through the creation of solidarity network intra extra-family that ensure their participation within an important network of exchange of resources and favors which helped them out to face the necessities of the families. However, after the last years the main characteristic has been the work uncertainty, the lost of economic power of their incomes and, in general terms, the lack of dynamism of some variables of the mexican economy, it has become important to analyze if the families will be in conditions to continue participating in a custer of networks that would allow them social interchange, reciprocity and mutual help. The analysis of these statements is the main objective of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to open the reflection around the multiple possibilities that Communication Science offers to the study of the city. At a first moment, the author exposes the conceptual proposal of the Comunicology, and his first joints with the city. Later, the paper presents some of the main characteristics of the city and "the urban thing" as study objects, with special emphasis in the contributions of Communication Science, that impel the approach to the city like communication system and media construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the perceptions and actions undertaken by a group of patients attending to the Pain Clinic at the General Hospital in Mexico City in a quest for a cure. The study is focused on the perceptions and actions under taken by patients suffering chronic pain as a consequence of viral infection produced by Herpes Zoster; it also analyzes the post herpetic neuralgia and the treatments applied by an algologist from the institution to help the patients to face the problem. This study develops inside the medical anthropology framework, based on its theory and methodology. The information derived from interviews with patients and medical doctors. The interviews explore the use of healing strategy in the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the most important contributions for the studies on communication and culture, of the academic debate on the reception and production of meaning between James Curran and David Morley. Its purpose is to suggest the relevance of taking some theoretical steps to approach fragments of the city from the point of view of individual experience. In this sense, the author plead for the continuous collaboration and interchange between social sciences, in terms of categories, common theories, concepts, etc. and for an hermeneutic-interpretative position, in order to lighten the fragment of life which is to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the history of institutionalized citizen participation in Mexico City. However, it doesn't attempt to make a thorough account of facts, mechanisms, instances and legal instruments which, dating from 1928 until the present day, preceded and characterized its building and formal development in this capital city. What this brief historical review particularly aims at, is at showing how was born a set of relations, practices and perceptions, that characterize a particular political culture, through the construction and functioning of "diverse" institutional modes along history. This current political culture is part of a symbolic universe that embodies traditions and customs that explain, to a very large extent, citizen participation's achievements and limitations within Mexico's capital city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental analysis about the racial status dilemmas in Santiago de Cali. The different society's representations made by the city's dominant groups from the seventies, and their influence in Cali's popular culture are studied from the song "Han cogido la cosa" of the Niche Group. The racial status dilemmas are considered as an active part of the social configurations of power among socio-racial groups in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We think in order to comprehend school performance, it is necessary to study it as a reality that is part of the pupil's personal formation in a concrete socio-cultural context as a dynamic rapport process between the individual and the rest of the school subjects through social meanings, assessments, attitudes, expectations and practices in school performance in a school where the student is configured as a concrete pupil, as a school performance subject who expresses and builds on his or her own practical action as well as his or her flexibility about it. The objective of this paper is to research how school individuals are formed as high or low performance elementary school pupils, of an elementary school in the suburbs of Mexico City. In particular to analyze which elements from at least two sources of the interaction, the teachers and the classmates, are incorporated by our study subjects in their self assessment and action, in a position for their personal configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]