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The emergence of internet in the 1990s transformed the cultural industry on a global scale in a gradual and definitive way and put print journalism at risk. This article aims to investigate, from the analysis of the Brazilian case, the dimension of these changes and try to answer the following issues. How have digital publications transformed the production and dissemination of content? Will the paper publications will still have space? Can alternative digital publications face the big media? Will they take the place of the political-cultural magazines of the past? finally, how can we think the relationships among intellectuals, culture and politcs in the field of cultural and mediatic production? The analysis of these and other issues will start from two temporal perspectives. The first one will be the 1970s, the peak of the military dictatorship, when the so-called alternative press worked as a bastion of resistance to the regime and magazines such as Versus, of Latin American character, circulated. The second will be the current context, with Brazil under a government of the extreme right, in which digital publications seek to act as a counterweight to the voice of the hegemonic media that yesterday supported the dictatorship of 1964, and today the political trial of Dilma Roussef in 2016 and the current government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. This paper reports on the digital practices of 18 high school students' when taking notes with the text processor Word about the characteristics of on-line dictionaries--Spanish and English monolingual dictionaries and English-Spanish and Spanish-English bilingual dictionaries. The students explored the dictionaries and, in order to get familiar with them, they worked with the English verb get. The approach implemented refers to literacy in digital textuality. METHOD. The study contemplates the identification of multimedia resources and textual modalities in the dictionaries and the description of digital writing in the notes. Classification and textual analysis involves the informativity criteria identified in the dictionaries: language use, digital searches, textual designs, intertextuality sources, coherence and interactivity, as well as digital cohesion in descriptive and expositive writing, intertextuality by means of images, hyper links and lexical and graphic references. RESULTS. The notes show a predominant use of practical tools in the dictionaries in comparison to coherence and interactivity. They also evidence difficulties to integrate expositive and descriptive writing with digital modalities of intertextuality, hypertextuality and referentiality. DISCUSSION. Consideration and identification of various aspects of textuality in dictionaries show various degrees of intentionality and performance through digital and multimodal resources. However, teaching and practice support is necessary to fully appreciate the information, as well as the digital writing in notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note describes an experience of archival work with born-digital records. The remarkable presence of digital tools and techniques on the historian's desktop and the growing series of binary documents originates questions and problems in the daily intellectual work. The tensions between archival practices with dispositions pertaining to the print culture and the kind of experience described in this note call for new and enriching approaches. Two approaches are presented here that renew questions about the notion of Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, experts from around the world have warned that printed newspapers may disappear in the medium term. In some cases, even specific dates were given. The proliferation of digital media and the paradigma shift in our society are usually mentioned among the causes of this disappearance, especially when it comes to the media. Focusing particularly on theSpanish case, this paper offers an alternative vision, providing evidence that it's not the first time a possible disappearance of printed newspapers is being discussed, that the Internet isn't the main reason for the crisis hitting the sector, and that newspapers aren't facing the worst crisis in thirty years. Although both printed newspapers and printed books could disappear in a still distant future, no concluding evidence points in that direction and this kind of statements are not to be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet, the new mobile devices and cloud storage are changing the way in which people deal with information; we still need great storage capacity and information readers but we also value ubiquity and data synchronization between the different devices that we are using. Access has become more important than storage. The web as a tool is leading to the obsolescence of digital media that are just 20 years old and boosts the multimedia possibilities of paper, an analog medium that facilitates the relationship between people and mobile devices. We go through some of the experiences carried out in the Muskiz public library exploring the new multimedia possibilities of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulation of newspapers that have both a "paper version" and a "free digital" version is analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between the two kinds of circulation. If there is an existing relationship we want to know how it works, what the overall effects are, and if these effects create some form of "cannibalization". We studied the leading "free digital" publications in Spain for general information (El mundo), sports (Marca), and economics (Expansión). Sources for extracting data are Introl, OJD and OJD Interactiva. Data analysis was based on a descriptive statistics methodology and monthly series over 10 years, starting in June 1998, the first available date for electronic editions of these three newspapapers. The last month analysed is December 2008 because OJD Interactiva modified its measurement methods in January 2009 and this change could have affected the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the use in schools of private teaching platforms. They have had a boost with the COVID19 pandemic. The use of Google workplace for education has been considered an effective way both to adapt to the challenges of digitization and to face critical situations. The analysis carried out reveals a threat linked to the privacy of minors. Applying heuristic analysis, the results show the need to implement a principle of technological caution on the use of these platforms in education. It concludes with the need to deepen the analysis of the implications for kids and teenagers of the use of this software and the convenience of applying free and open tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberal international order established after the end of the Cold War is currently an order in transition. The shift in material power - following the rise of China - is necessary to understanding the changes in the international order, but it is not the whole story. We are seeing both material and ideational changes. The present moment is one of rules under challenge. But the normative contestation the international order is facing is not just about the rivalry between China and the United States or the tired description of "the rest against the West"; its parameters are more complex and diverse. To demonstrate that, this paper looks at three very different issues on the international agenda: a) governance of the Internet, b) sexual and reproductive rights and c) migration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persuasive and stimulating capacity of games has reached the information field. The newsgames have opened a stage full of possibilities and, at the same time, of questions. Located between the world of video games and journalism, they are inspired by real problems and situations that occur today. Based on the above, the study analyzes a total of 1 1 newsgames in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses as a journalistic tool, based on a qualitative methodology based on case studies, virtual ethnography and surveys of journalism students. The research analyzes the following newsgames: Narco Guerra, Escape from Woomera, FindMe", Sweatshop, Papers, Filosofighters, Democracy, Global Conflict: Palestine, Global Conflict: Latin America, Cutthroat Capitalism and Root 33. The study concludes, among other aspects, that there is a predominance of topics related to foreign policy and conflict resolution, detects their training potential and verifies the importance of the application of informational attributes typical of journalistic messages to confer credibility. Finally, the scientific interest in this type of research that contributes to the players assuming a critical citizenship was evidenced, thus recognizing their sense of belonging in a global context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus pandemic has been a turning point in health and communication research. Scientific work in this field has been rushed since the beginning of 2020, so it is important to know the previous situation in which the research was. This paper focuses on existing studies up to 2019 that relate health and any of its fields to misinformation. We carried out a systematised bibliographic review of 171 articles collected in various scientific databases, the central theme of which was misinformation and health up to the end of 2019. Through the exhaustive analysis of different variables, this article aims to establish the starting point of research on hoaxes and health before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on health and misinformation maintained a clear upward trend between 2014 and 2019. Different epidemic diseases such as Ebola or the Zika virus are the most frequent in the articles analysed. However, the most relevant result of our analysis is the attention devoted to vaccine related misinformation. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it has been the field of Health the mainly responsible for researching it, so, it is clear that there is a need for greater attention from the area of Communication to research this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the free press from its origins to the present day. It is based on the hypothesis that advertising occupied an essential place in the evolution of the free press in Spain. For this reason, the role that advertising had in the origin, consolidation and decline of the free general information press in Spain is analyzed. The data reflects how unstable it is to subordinate the survival of the media to advertising revenue alone. The interest of this work lies in the importance that financing models are having in the media with the arrival of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to the Internet and digital technologies has become the primary source of information used in academic papers, and, according to numerous studies, is therefore accountable for the greatest number of cases of cyber-plagiarism. The aim of this study is to determine whether the type of format used by university students for their academic papers (paper/electronic) has an influence on plagiarism or cyber-plagiarism. The research is based on a quantitative methodology, and it is characterized as exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory, using the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Purposive non-probability convenience sampling provided a sample of 8,943 students from the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The findings show a preference for the use of the electronic format for submitting academic work. Exceptions are made in several cases in which statistically significant differences are observed both in the acts of plagiarism that are initiated and in the main reasons given to justify such acts. A discussion of the findings correlates the findings of the research with the analysis of previous studies in this area, and the conclusions focus on the need to train students in informational skills so as not to commit plagiarism when using the Internet as an academic source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study how the students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) valued the reliability of the information contained in the Internet to carry out a task in a science class. To do this, 156 students from this educational stage, from 3rd and 4th of ESO, from four institutes in the municipality of Murcia took part in the study. We set them a task: they had to answer some questions about "acid rain" and they could use two web pages that the participants could independently select. Once the activity has been carried out, we ask them some questions about the pages used, the credibility of the content found and the reasons or criteria used to grant it such reliability. In addition, we study the dependence of the reliability with some social variables (age, gender, center) and the relationship between the reliability granted and the efficiency in the search for information. e results show contributions to better understand digital competence developed by the particpants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the perception that Spanish parents have regarding unpleasant situations experienced by their children on the Internet, such as cyberbullying, either suffered or perpetrated by their offspring. It also examines the connection of cyberbullying with family conflict, the ability to provide help, the resilience of the minor, and the parental mediation strategy of monitoring, or even mediation initiated by the child. The study is based on the results of a survey developed by the European research network EU Kids Online, and carried out with Spanish families in 2019. The sample of 850 parents with children aged 9-17 has national representativeness. The results show that families underestimate the cyberbullying suffered by their children. Four out of ten parents believe that their children have the ability to cope with these situations, especially when they become adolescents. Perceiving the presence of cyberbullying is related to situations of conflict the parents experience with their children. A type of inverse mediation initiated by the adolescents themselves has been observed, as they communicate unpleasant situations suffered online to their parents, yet this is not the case with younger children aged 9-12, who report these situations the least and suffer the most harm. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for digital literacy in order to teach safe use of the Internet, both for minors and their parents. Education in proper use of the Internet, as well as encouraging dialogue between parent and child, could prevent minors from engaging in risky behaviour on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current cultural and technological context, disciplines and academic education face new challenges related to teaching and learning practices, due to the fact that technological mediations, advanced supports and archives have transformed these processes. In this paper we explore the alternatives that transmedia narratives offer for the Humanities, in particular, for Literature and Philosophy. We emphasize the need to incorporate other supports and other narratives in the work of these areas, including and taking advantage of technological mediations. Therefore, instead of having gaps between education and technology, we identify the challenges caused by the transformation of actors, roles and training processes, as well as the emergence of "informal" methodologies and platforms. To this end, we begin with the conceptual characterization of the technologically mediated environment that university education is increasingly facing. Secondly, we identified some contemporary literary practices and we make a historical account of some Latin American works that can be analyzed from the category of Transmedia Literature. Finally, will be problematized the written and visual registers that are transformed and conditioned by information flows on the Internet, television and other screens in electrically supported circuits. The discussion on technological mediations puts us in a problematizing context of the places and habitual uses of literary, philosophical and educational discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet is a space for interaction, a social place where virtual communities are formed. Many daily activities are complemented or developed there entirely. Therefore, scientific research must try to understand what happens in cyberspace and netnography is a useful method for that purpose. This paper presents its definition, characteristics and the procedure for its application. In tourism, travelers usually share their experiences, feelings and needs through the Internet, mainly in forums and social media. Netnography turns out to be a tool for its better understanding, given its qualitative nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research studies of use of the Internet for socialization by people with physical disabilities such as adults with cerebral palsy are insufficient. In this paper, the author identifies the potential of this technology as a tool for socialization. Twelve adults with cerebral palsy were asked questions by using semi-structured interviews in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Five thematic categories of analysis were suggested from the analysis and the interview transcripts. First category was related to the use of the Internet to maintain and expand interpersonal relationships. Second category was associated to the benefits of the Internet as an emotional well-being tool to fight critical situations. Third category was related to social visibility of their condition that helps to show who they are. Fourth category was related to the political participation where they can express their points of views and can have their legal rights. The final category was related to the attitudinal barriers that people without disabilities associate when this population group uses the Internet. In conclusion, the use of the Internet has a positive impact in inclusion and participation of adults with cerebral palsy by expanding their possibilities to promote their social and political participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is exploring the discourses on sexuality that, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, are reproduce and circulate on Instagram accounts of six Argentine sexologists who do sex education and publicize their professional work through these social media. From digital ethnographic explorations we analyze how these professionals construct a way of narrating the knowledge of sexology on the internet; deploy pedagogical activities that position them as new references in the field of national sexology and configure a network of "instagramers" dedicated to sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, the Internet, and the social networks in particular, have gained relevance as spaces for interaction and socialization. The multiplication and penetration of social media, as well as the volume and intensity of interactions, have led to a migration of the public sphere towards these platforms. In this (apparently neutral) virtual context, where social networks contribute to the construction or amplification of social relations, the Internet is configured as a space of inequality where power relations and patriarchal practices are reproduced, amplified by the sensation of anonymity and its disinhibiting effect. This paper analyzes the presence of hate speech and misogyny in the Twitter conversation around 50 Spanish women with public visibility online and in the real world, belonging to diverse professional fields: science, communication, culture, sports, business, and politics. Based on an automated search for insults and other hate terms, a content analysis of the direct interactions and indirect mentions received by these women on this social platform over a period of 1 year was carried out. The results of this study highlight the toxicity of the Twittersphere for female users. Thus, 15% of direct interactions and 10% of indirect interactions directed at these women included some kind of insult or disqualification, although not necessarily of a sexist or misogynist nature. This violence is especially evident against women representatives of those areas with greater visibility and social influence such as communication and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are multiple lines of research on this subject, such as issues related to social responsibility, regulation, transparency, plurality, effects on citizenship or regulatory framework, among other issues to be taken into account in a new television, which today has digital platforms for broadcasting and reception. This research analysed, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, the articles with the greatest impact on the Web of Science, focusing on television quality. We have worked with a total of 155 scientific papers cited on 50 occasions. All these papers belong to the category of Social Sciences or Humanities. The impact on technical issues, on the technological process, is the main conclusion of this study, in which the aspects linked to the transmission of healthy habits represent most of what can be considered an analysis of the effects of the television media. This approach represents a very limited vision. Similarly, the innovations allowed by the Internet are investigated from a technical point of view of usability and interactivity, rather than from the assessment of the transformation of the process and its influence on citizenship. Other issues of greater social importance, such as the role of television and its social responsibility, are relegated to a minority presence and its dissemination in academic environments of lower impact. In many cases, these are realities circumscribed to a specific country, as in the case of the regulatory framework. Finally, the general conclusion of the research indicates that television quality is a multifaceted theme that must be analyzed and its impact evaluated from multiple approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a hyper-fragmented environment of channels, platforms and content, brands are finding increasingly difficult to reach Generation Alpha in a relevant and differential way. This paper aims to study the variables that determine the choice of brands in the digital context by children between 6 and 12 years old. To study this preference, a survey of 1,357 children was carried out, applying different statistical tests to determine which variables are predictive in the selection of brands. Among the main results when choosing a brand are that the brand must be trendy, famous, that it helps them to meet people and that it is their best toy. Socialisation processes and the need to communicate with their friends are the main reasons for children to incorporate brands into their digital universe. Therefore, companies that want their brands to be part of the life of Generation Alpha in an authentic and unique way, must favour communicative contexts of interaction where the brand is an excuse to socialise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the news produced by two online media organizations, Nacion.com and CRHoy.com, during May of 2017. Through a content analysis of the news offered and of the most read daily news on these websites, this paper highlights the media agenda and its level of correspondence with consumers/citizens' interests. Results show a relative similarity between the supply and demand of news regarding non-public matters, in both media. Based upon these findings, this paper challenges the notion of "news gap" and suggests that the lack of interest in public affairs in Costa Rica is more structural than episodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the virtualization of personal interactions. The working hypothesis is that this virtualization is a social use mediated by the ongoing transformations of social relationships. The analyzed data comes from a representative survey of 2800 Internet users in Spain. Different typologies of internet users who virtually communicate with other people have been identified applying structural and discriminative analysis. It is found that the effects of the difference in the development of the virtual relationship are mutually reinforcing, or contrasting, or annulling, given that they operate as a mediator system. The components of the mentioned system and their interdependences are also described. The paper helps to clarify the functioning of the digital divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is becoming common among university students. This research set out to identify the psychological and physical variables associated with PIU and examine the influence of PIU on these variables. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review found 51 studies with a total sample size of 136,760 subjects, while 12 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the main psychological and physical variables associated with PIU are a lack of self-control, anxiety, low self-esteem, low levels of physical activity, and low academic self-efficacy. However, the meta-analysis found that only PIU -- for which statistically significant differences were observed -- was a predictor of anxiety and low self-esteem. Lastly, this paper discusses the practical implications of this research and the need for preventive action and education on the proper use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects out loud on the prohibition to disseminate terrorist messages on the internet, especially in line with international and national standards on the subject. The first part analyzes the standards that come from the United Nations, the European Union, and, mainly, the Council of Europe. In the second part, the matter is addressed under the fundamental right to freedom of speech conferred by Article 20.4 of the Constitution of Spain. In both cases, we emphasize both the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Spanish Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the most extended movie consumer profile among the young generations. We decided to focus on this social stratum because, with their behaviour, they participate in all the progress made in this field by the Internet. Likewise, it's interesting to study how the young people spend their time watching movies, as well as being able to better understand the cinematographic market evolution. The emergence of the VOD (Video On Demand) platforms, have made easier to binge-watch movies and TV shows, making this activity a phenomenon which has to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the design and implementation of a backhaul telecommunication network in the region of Sucre (Colombia) as a disruptive solution to extend connectivity from the core network located in the city of Chalán, to the rural communities of Chalán and Ovejas. Internet connectivity will be delivered through a self-manageable telecommunications wireless technology known as WiBACK, supporting future 5G communication. Results will layout the roadmap and benchmarking of upgrade scenarios of Colombian access network, envisioning broadband rural connectivity in the context of post-conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most critical situations in all world in 2020 year is the Covid-19 pandemic. All areas of society have colapsed due to the quarantine declared in several countries. One of the most important infrastructure resources in this situation is the Internet service because people have to work and study from home and such people connections have performed by Internet. Thus, Internet Service Providers had to endure increased traffic. In this paper, an analysis of Internet traffic over ISPs at Colombia was performed to understand what happened over such networks. Also, an estimate was made of the increase in network resources by means of a Closed Queued Network model. Results shows that Internet traffic increased for almost all operators with a percentage mean of 29.76 in March and 51.54 in April, and besides, network resources increased in a percentage near to 28.3 in March and 32.71 in April. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread use of the Internet in 21st century society is not risk-free. This paper studies the comorbidity of some problematic uses of Internet with depression in order to assess their correlation. With that aim, a meta-analysis of 19 samples obtained from 13 different studies (n=33,458) was carried out. The subjects of these studies are adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years (μ=15.68) from different cultures and continents (Europe, Euro-Asia, America and Asia). The effect size obtained from the use of a random-effects model (r=0.3, p<0.000) is significant, moderate and positive, thus confirming the relation between pathologic uses of the Internet and depression. Moreover, meta-regression test results showed that 9% of the variance (R2=0.09) is associated with the male gender, while age and culture are not significant variables. The variability rate of the studies is high (I2=87.085%), as a consequence of heterogeneity rather than publication bias, as Egger's regression test shows (1-tailed p-value=0.25; 2-tailed p-value=0.50, and α=1.57). Therefore, the need for specific interventions in secondary education dealing with this issue is evident to ensure that it does not extend into adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and analyses the contents published in digital media during the 2014 presidential election in Colombia in order to identify the informative impartiality and factuality of the digital press. The paper is based on the Interpretive-Hermeneutic methodology and provides a case study and a content analysis of the web articles published between May 25 and June 15 of 2014 by El Tiempo and El Espectador newspapers. The findings show the use of one informative source alone and the limitation of testimonies to personal opinions of politicians, prioritization of content about politicians and campaign events rather than an analysis and a presentation of the government plan, and a strong presence of peacerelated topics and support for the presidential reelection. It is possible to conclude that the discursive resources of both newspapers reduced the written narrative and prioritized the use of images and videos establishing news that, even though broaden the format in terms of information, simplify and modify the informative elements related to the fact-event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral addictions are considerate as a new way of developing misconduct in relation to phenomena that by themselves have no reason to be associated with pathological states. Despite not being referred to in most commonly used diagnostic textbooks among health professionals, their incidence in the population is increasingly notable, adopting ever more diverse forms, thanks to the development of new technologies. Sex addiction can manifest itself in different ways, with a higher incidence among the male population. This paper deals with the description, functional analysis and intervention in a case of Internet porn addiction from a college psychology service, used to addressing problems affecting the youth. Developing a cognitive behavioral intervention, the strategies employed and their effectiveness in the case are described, the possible implications of behavioral addictions in the university population, and its impact on the academic and personal development of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a form of digital communication among young people that arises with the cheapening of digital technologies and the emergence of the Internet: sexting. Based on a qualitative methodology and a gender theoretical approach, it explores the forms of experience and significance of this practice in young people aged 15 to 19, from two Mexican cities. It is concluded that sexting should be understood as a collective practice, not individual, inserted in a framework of gender relations and, therefore, of power. It seeks to contribute to the understanding of a new and hardly studied communicative phenomenon in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet has become part of our forms of daily communication, and it helps us, among many other uses, to search for information, consult it, or share it, both in the private sphere and in the academic-professional field. This second context is the one that will be the object of this paper. Without losing sight of the most relevant concepts of Cyberpragmatics (Yus 2010), the objective of this study is to reflect on the polite and impolite uses of discourse in one of the various types of asynchronous communication: the forum, specifically the discussion forums of Spanish language. Also, we will see how the certain anonymity that this type of discourse entails can influence the violation of the rules indicated by the netiquette. The examples come from the Spanish forum of the Cervantes Virtual Center and WordReference ("Only Spanish"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how social networks allow that migrants and their transnational families may control when and how communicate in order to keep in contact in real time with their homeland communities, as well as preserving their traditions and practices. This way, they keep a copresentiality (Baldassar, 2016). This work is conducted under a qualitative methodology including dyadic interviews to twenty subjects from different Colombian families who experienced that one of their family members went to Chile. The results show noticeably that WhatsApp is the most frequently used social network due to its assorted features for getting connected both synchronically and diachronically. The subjects reported an increase in the feeling of distancing and separation despite the digitally-enabled closeness. The evidence also shows some efforts by the migrants to maintain their roles as a mother, a brother or a son thanks to the use of social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, cinephilia took its paradigm from the French film culture, which has it origins in the mid-twentieth century, and it was linked to a scholarly discourse on cinema and to very specific spaces for its cultivation. However, the digital revolution brought new consumer practices and the Internet catapulted a new crowd of cinephiles. This paper analyzes the role of digital culture in those new cinephiles and describes how young cinema fans find and use the new virtual spaces to pronounce it today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper and its second part (Sanz & García-Vera, 2017) analyze the veracity of ten ideas about depression and its treatment that are defended in media widely available on the Internet or in some prestigious clinical practice guidelines or manuals of psychopathology or psychiatry. These ideas hinder patients' access to appropriate treatment for their depression and favor the medicalization of this treatment over the use of psychotherapy. In this first paper, four ideas about the nature of depression are contrasted with the results of the scientific literature. A review of this literature indicates that, contrary to these ideas: a) depression is considered a mental disorder, not a mental illness; b) the existence of a biological cause is simply a hypothesis, not a reality proven empirically in an unequivocal manner; c) negative life events increase the risk of depression whereas extraversion and optimism diminish it, and d) there are small but not insignificant rates of malingered depression in both legal-forensic and ordinary clinical settings. The results of this review are discussed in the context of the reliability of the health information on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large proportion of the world's population has access to the Internet. On the one hand this has brought undeniable benefits to society by facilitating access to information. But on the other hand, the excessive use of the Internet has also brought with it a series of new problems ranging from physical injuries (for example: tendinitis), psychological pathologies (for example: Internet addiction) to new forms of crime (for example: online sexual abuse). For this reason, it is necessary to have reliable and valid instruments that evaluate the use and abuse of the Internet. The Internet Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERI) has two factors that evaluate conflicts (intrapersonal factor, with 6 items and interpersonal factor, with 4 items) associated with excessive use of the Internet. Studies in different parts of the world (Spain, Chile and other Latin American countries) have used this instrument without analyzing its psychometric properties with sufficient depth. These studies have mostly used the total CERI score (10 items) instead of the two-factor structure, but they have not justified this choice. For this reason, this paper intends to analyze the factorial structure of the instrument, its convergent validity and its internal consistency in the Chilean population. We conducted two researches in which participated a total of 626 university students (180 in the study 1, and 446 in the study 2). The participants responded to the CERI and a questionnaire of abuse of the mobile phone (CERM). In the study 1, the results of exploratory factor analyzes suggest to use a unifactorial structure which included the 10 items, instead of the original bifactorial structure. In particular, in the bifactorial structure item 1 was not included in any factor (factorial loads less than .2), two items (items 5 and 10) presented similar factor loads in both factors and other two items (items 8 and 9) were included in the factor that it did not correspond. The single factor was greater internal consistency than that of the original intrapersonal and interpersonal factors (Cronbach's alpha of .78, .68 and .56, respectively). Although both alternatives have adequate convergent validity (direct relations with mobile phone abuse). In study 2, a confirmatory factorial analysis was carried out in order to compare the unifactorial structure obtained in study 1 with the bifactorial structure of the original study. The results show that both factorial structures presented good fit, but again the internal consistency of the single factor was greater than that of the original intrapersonal factor and interpersonal factor (Cronbach's alpha of .74, .61 and .51 respectively). The low reliability of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors may be due to the few number of items grouped in them (4 and 6 respectively). It is necessary to continue evaluating the factorial structure of the CERI in order to determine which is the best factorial alternative or if it is necessary to increase the number of items of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors. Although the results are not conclusive, for the moment, it seems advisable to use the one factor structure as it seems to give further psychometric guarantees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in online audience and the development of Big Data in organizations modify the media planning activity and, consequently, the profile of the planner. Following the digital expansion, more information has become available to perform this task, but also, more complexity is observed in the work processes and in their agents' structures. This paper analyzes the changes produced in the management of the media planner within the digital society. Through triangular research, comprising quantitative and qualitative methods, including a questionnaire that was administered to 140 media planners, and 5 interviews conducted with agency experts we examine the variations that have occurred in this professional role in terms of knowledge, the tools used and the skills they have had to maintain or update. It is noted that the adaptation to the digital context has required a substantial change in their work mechanics, the integration of off- and online strategies and digital specialization. Furthermore, with the help of current technology, immediate actions and reviews are implemented. Consequently, the media expert activity requires mastery of digital media planning tools, greater doses of innovation, analysis, business acumen and the ability to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams for multimedia environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of Islamist terrorism on the Internet has changed quantitatively and qualitatively in recent years. Never, has it been easier to access all kinds of extremist propaganda through the net, in regular and social networks; in particular, thanks to Web 2.0. The stated objective of organizations such as the Islamic State is to spread an extremist ideology and subculture that justifies violence. This group directs its attention, above all, to young Muslims in the Western Diaspora. In this context, this paper analyzes the evolution of the presence of Islamist terrorism on the Internet for which it focuses on the measures recently approved in Europe to confront this ubiquitous, diffuse, and, at the same time, extremely dangerous threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalists specialized in health information have changed their work routines because of Internet and social networks. Generating health content allows researchers, physicians and patients to be connected and, in this respect, media play a prescriber role in the society. In this paper, the prevailing precariousness in the media is analyzed in order to see if it affects health information and the specialization of its professionals. This work is based on a qualitative research, using in-depth interviews with health information journalists belonging to 16 Spanish media. The research underscores the priority of certain resources, the need to enable verification processes and to face new professional challenges. This research is part of the Aula Nebrija-MSD Spain of Communication and Health Sciences funded project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the use of data science tools to retrieve and analyze Internet data on dwelling prices and characteristics in the housing markets of the main Colombian cities. We expect that this new data set may become a useful tool for the analysis of the evolution of housing markets in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the evolution of the first internet search engines, indexesand service providers towards their conversion into portals. These can begrouped into three classifications: general, vertical, and corporate. Somedistinguishing characteristics of portals are analyzed as well as the reasonsbehind their existence in internet. Also discussed are the main elements whichfavour their success, including: generation of contents, creation of virtualcommunities, promotion of user loyalty and development of e-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study categories 'belief' and 'experience' in Internet by means of the transformative ability of the latter. Experience is the basis of beliefs transition. Its realization depends on several characteristics that we don't know whether it could be developed in a subject living in Internet. This paper describes theses features and it studies possibilities of its materialization in this world. If so, the transformation could be as possible in online world as in offline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a reflection that links gender violence in digital environments, mass surveillance, discussions about privacy and the right to privacy on the internet. We analyze how the Internet can be the scene of two types of violence: one, located at the level of interactions (doxing, harassment, extortion and threats, identity theft, alteration and publication of photos and videos without consent, among others). The other, more invisible, is implicit in the architecture of the network, because, by promoting a systematic and gigantic system of tracking and analysis of personal data to feed the Internet business model, it has established a potential monitoring system that can affect the rights of women, via digital traces. To support this, we will examine the various notions of surveillance and privacy (Bruno, 2013; Siri, 2015; Sparrow, 2014) and current legislation in order to understand how they affect the human rights of women in cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet and social media, particularly Twitter and Facebook, have been identified as one of the factors that contributed to Donald Trump's triumph in the United States presidential elections of 2016. In this paper, we describe how the Republican candidate used social media and what his digital strategies were, after directly monitoring the campaign and reviewing journalistic information, as well as the analysis of the academic research carried out so far. Based on this review, it is possible to conclude that social media played a significant role in these elections, expanding its power of influence as compared to the previous elections of 2008 and 2012, when Obama used them extensively, and which Trump used better than Hillary Clinton to move his priority audience, to discourage his rival's audience, and to send his messages, thus making it an important part of his victory. It is also concluded, however, that it is wrong to say that social themselves were the main reason for the Republican candidate's success, as there are other substantial reasons to his triumph which are linked to the socio-political context in which these elections took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars from developing democracies, such as Mexico, used to consider every consolidated democracy as a paradigm guiding our general expectations. Every new legal amendment would have to match the best practices, internationally recognized on electoral matters. Suddenly, political communication model completely changed since the expansion of digital platforms (such as Facebook or Twitter). Those platforms have being overlapping traditional media: Television, printing press, radio or tv. New realities produced by the current Digital Revolution seem to approach these old hemispheres betwen them. Electoral conflicts in Latin America seem more and more interesting to democracies considered to be invulnerable. Then, even in those countries, judges must live their day to day working after overlapped rules, overshoot by times we're living in. Legislators realize the internet traffic cannot be regulated through traditional rules related with public liberties (such as free press and expression). Proliferation of discredit campaigns, better known as fake news, are approaching countries to encounter legal solutions beyond simple prohibitions. In this paper, the author describes some of these developpements, appealing to some aspects opening debate in order to approach the aftermentioned two hemispheres dividing old and new democracies. Many of those controversies, able to be submitted sooner or later to electoral judges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmedia storytelling represents today a genuine communicative revolution. Also a new business model. A new paradigm in the way to generate the contents; the best expression of digital technocommunication networks, networks that foster collaborative environments, where doing it together become reality, have created closer links between producers of goods and services, advertising agencies, the media and the public. Internet and social networks have empowered common citizens (prosumers and pronet@rians) and have forced organizations/brands to make their interests and values in order to create conversations with them, authentic stakeholders. They don't provide only opinion; are genuine investors. Their contributions, often intangible, become so important for brands/ companies as the economic investment made by stockholders. We are talking about emotional, social and intellectual investments. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework that allows generating an intensive magnitude, a degree, depending on the continuous participatory process that goes from the scarce to the high "investment". We consider that the key to measure the success of communication or advertising effectiveness lies in clarifying the gratifications that get the prosumers to participate in the world narrative and the communication strategy of the brands. Are those that make them commit, until their identification, in the transmedial world-building of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how users interact with news content published by Costa Rican online news sites on Facebook. Drawing on a mixed-method research design that combined social network analysis and content analysis, we examined the data published by six major Costa Rican news sites during four months of 2016. We identified a clear user preference for content about non-public affair issues, such as crimes, sports, and entertainment. In contrast, news about public affairs, such as politics, economy, and government, received relatively much less interaction. We also examined a structural difference in how users interacted with the content published by news sites. We conclude with a discussion of the analytical opportunities afforded by the circulation of news on Facebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an indicator to measure the level of electoral political sophistication was created to determine, along with the traditional indicator of political sophistication, the impact of communicative variables on their presence. For this, an analytical survey was applied after the elections of governors in the Mexican states of Nuevo Leon (2015), Puebla (2016) and Mexico (2017). Findings showed a positive impact of the follow-up of web pages regarding politics and interactive communication in both dimensions of sophistication as well electoral debates on electoral sophistication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Advertising and Marketing field is full of anglicisms, considered unnecessary by many authors. This invasion of foreign terms has gained the help of a perfect ally in the last years: the Internet and new marketing strategies, which have accelerated the speed of expansion of these terms as well as their scope, taking a worldwide and global dimension. Therefore, the transfer of this professional sociolect to the university academic context in which students are trained in this area would be logical. For this reason, this papers aims at analysing the anglicisms used in the Degree in Marketing and Market Research of the University of Cádiz. Through a detailed analysis of the learning material provided to students through the virtual campus of every subject included in the above mentioned Degree, it has been established which ones include anglicisms in their usual terminology, to what extent and what these anglicisms are. It has also been checked if there are conceptual equivalents in the target language, to evidence whether the use of these anglicisms is due to the absence of specific terms in Spanish or whether, on the contrary, it is due to a fashionable diaphasic variant belonging to Marketing sociolect as a result of the social connotations that English has acquired in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]