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This paper aims to analyze the evolution of the trilateral trade relationship between Mexico, the United States and China, and its main characteristics, from 1993 to 2020, through the application of vector autoregressive (VAR) models at different points in time. More specifically, trade links between these economies have been transformed from a first phase of little significance to a second phase with profound interrelationships since 2001, and finally to a current consolidation stage, despite the current increasingly complex environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into an analysis of illegality in migration, from a migrant perspective. To do this, established and assimilated historical practices in selected groups of Mexican migrants were analyzed according to immigration status and settlement area. The argument presented here is that illegality has a functional character for the reproduction of the migrant trajectory. This is demonstrated using a comparative analysis of the way migrants' decisions allow them to integrate their trajectories into two contexts which show unequal development. Such integration determines its functionality independently of the existence of restrictive migration policies in nation-state contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes five excerpts from the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) that have been subjected to intervention, through a work of erasures and overlays to the original document, which appear in the intervention as a mellow-grey watermark, in Hugo García Manríquez's Anti-Humboldt. This article aims to read the original document along with the bold words selected by the author in order to extract a sense that challenges the increasingly tightened migration policies on the United States-Mexico border. What this approach produces is a counter-discourse that proclaims for the territorial opening and the decriminalization of the border crossing. This work thus presents an oblique proposal which highlights the segregationist ideology hidden behind the proclamations of freedom and harmony of the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of labor income prior to migration on the income obtained by migrants in the destination economy, in the case of temporary Mexican migrants in the United States. The data used comes from the Emif Norte survey conducted between 1999 and 2009. High relative and absolute mobility is observed. Hourly income is multiplied by a factor of four in the destination economy, while the effect of a 10 % increase in labor income in Mexico results in less than a 1 % increase in labor income in the United States. The results show that labor income in Mexico has little predictive power for the job performance of Mexican migrants in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some statistical data on the Hispanic population in the United States and its growth, caused by a sustained immigrant influx. The paper develops the following points: 1) the importance and relevance of the Hispanic population in the United States; 2) the role of Mexican and Central American migration as the main sources of manual labor for the American economy; 3) the importance of migrants in the regional and national development in the countries of origin; 4) the situation and perspectives of the second generation; 5) the long-term integration of the Latin American immigrant population in the United States. The supporting arguments of recent essays criticizing the presence of the Hispanic population in the United States are examined as being a threat to English dominance and a factor for cultural disintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the conditional dependence of stock market in Mexico and the United States is studied. Symmetric Joe-Clayton copula is used and conditional probabilities of increases (decreases) in Mexico stock index when there are increases (decreases) in the U.S. stock index are estimated. For the marginal distributions, AR-TGARCH and AR-EGARCH models with a standardized Student's t distribution for innovations are proposed. Empirical results suggest that there is a high degree of conditional dependence in the tails, presenting higher volatility on the upper (right) tail throughout the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is based on ethnographic work about migration, which took place in the colony of Lechería in Mexico State. It seeks to understand the problems of discrimination, exclusion and violence that arise in the relations between the inhabitants of the colony and migrants on their way to U.S.A. Based on the tenets of psychoanalysis, the text discusses the notions of discrimination and violence in relation to language, as well as the discourses of science and capitalism as catalysts for the phenomena associated with mass segregation. This paper proposes a dialogue on the commonalities between the psychoanalyst and the social researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an expanded, more thorough version of a paper presented at the Seminar on Development Theory about the international crisis, hosted by the UNAM Institute for Economic Research. It includes a historical and theoretical introduction, followed by three parts and a. brief conclusion. The three parts are a) relations between the world crisis and the U.S. economy; b) the current course of the crisis, its localization in Western Europe, and probable international consequences, and c) the consequences for Mexico in the more general framework of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between July of 1891 and May 1892, the Mexican Land and Colonization Company, a British enterprise with a concession over the major part of Baja California's wastelands, laid 27 kilometers of rail of what was to be known as the Peninsular Railway with the expectation of opening up lands to cultivation and settlement, and attracting investment. But the train's starting point was San Quintin, a shallow bay ill-suited to becoming an important shipping port and, as far as the tracks had been built, led to nowhere. However, the objective of this paper is not to analyze the reasons for which the railway project did not come to a happy termination. Rather, it focuses on the controversies and conspiracies which surrounded its construction, arising from the struggle between the United States and Great Britain for predominance in Mexico's far northwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H-2A visas for temporary agricultural workers are very controversial, with farm-workers supporters claiming that it does not provide sufficient protections for US workers and leaves foreign workers open to abuse and exploitation. Tamaulipas presents a long tradition of rural migration to the United States in search of farm employment. The preference of US employers for Tamaulipas' workers owes to the proximity of this state to the frontier, which lowers transportation costs, and the experience of Tamaulipas' workers in very demanding activities, like orange picking. This paper analyses the level of compliance of labor contracts of Tamaulipas workers employed in the United States in the farming sector with H-2A visas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many analysts argue that the substantial growth in agri-food trade between Mexico and the United States can be attributed to changes in exchange rate, exchange rate volatility and NAFTA. This paper quantifies the effects of the changes in Mexico-United States real exchange rate, its volatility and NAFTA on Mexico-United States flows of milk powder and contributes, with empirical evidence, to the debate on the effects of real exchange rate changes and its volatility on agri-food trade flows. Maximum Likelihood Cointegration Analysis and a Vector Error Correction (VEC) approach are used in estimating an import demand function for milk powder in Mexico. To guide the empirical analysis, an expected utility maximization model is developed in this study and a set of reduced form equations are estimated. The results show that while changes in real exchange rate have a positive effect on milk powder imports in Mexico from the United States, volatility of the real exchange rate has a negative effect on imports, both in the short-run and in the long-run. The NAFTA has no significant effect on milk powder imports in Mexico from the United States [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamaulipas presents a long tradition of rural migration to the United States in search of farm employment. Until the eighties, Tamaulipas' undocumented workers crossed the border easily. However, starting in the nineties, as a result of a restrictive migration policy centered exclusively on the "supply-side", crossing the border has become difficult. As a result, most immigrants are using the services of "smugglers". This paper analyses the impact of the militarization of the frontier on the emigration of Tamaulipas' illegal rural workers seeking farm jobs in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the Post Cold-War International Political System and the corresponding Inter-American System, as important frameworks to carry out the research of regional mediating powers, in general, and of two regional mediating powers in particular, cases in point: Brazil and Mexico. Consequently, two pictures of the states' structural positioning are constructed, a general one (in the International Political System) and an individual one (in the Inter-American System), which makes it possible for us to identify the regional mediating powers in the world and in America. This way, Brazil and Mexico are identified as States that exhibit important capabilities and play mediating roles among the world powers and the neighboring States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]