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The wastewater treatment at paper industry that uses recycled fibers as one of its raw materials generates a sludge rich in cellulose fibers, which once dehydrated is called "paper waste". This waste has become an environmental problem because of its high generation rate. Although several alternatives of valorization have been studied, in Medellin none of them has been implemented on an industrial scale; the necessity is still there, that is why the land disposal of this waste appears as the most immediate way to manage it. Combined with the problem of disposition, it is the selection of the suitable site to make it, for which a methodology to be applied in the evaluation and selection of the optative sites for the disposition of remainders of paper industry was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the reasons for voseo's vitality in Medellín (Colombia). Based on the data obtained through surveys and interviews, it can be affirmed that the vitality of the paisa voseo will continue to exist because the people of Medellin, although they consider the voseo a provincial term, do not stop using it, since they do not mind being evaluated as provincials due to their humble and proud character. Thus, the voseo will continue to be the identity symbol of the paisa group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe the geographical patterns and the incidence of residential segregation in daily mobility at the urban agglomerations of Bogotá, Cali and Medellín. Starting from a conceptual reflection on residential segregation, the impact on daily mobility and the need to undertake comparative studies, different geostatistical techniques are used to calculate a quality of life indicator at a micro scale. Moreover, the relationship with daily mobility is evaluated in order to compare the incidence of residential segregation in the social groups commuting trips. As a result, it is obtained that segregation presents particularities in its geographical patterns in the three case studies and that there is a low probability of interaction between low and high quality of life social groups, also, there is a daily mobility of non-work trips that is significantly restricted to an interaction between the population with the same quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle pues has received special attention from studies on conversational discourse markers since it has great polyfunctionality. This paper describes the pragmatic functions of the discursive marker pues found in the PRESEEA-Cali corpus and contrasts the results with other studies on pues in other varieties of speech in Colombia and other countries. We analyzed 2262 samples of pues from 36 sociolinguistic interviews. The results reveal that pues is a polyfunctional marker that is present in all types of discourse, that it has two main pragmatic functions, a total of 10 subfunctions, and of these, the most frequent are those of delaying the discourse, the commentator, and the continuative. Although the functions and subfunctions found had already been reported for pues in other Spanish-speaking communities, so the Caleño-speaking1 community does not seem to make particular use of this marker, a contrastive analysis with published results on the use of this marker in Medellín and Santiago de Chile shows similar patterns in terms of functions and frequencies with the first variety and differences with respect to the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the relationships between the actors involved in the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into the educational process, from their design to their implementation and use by teachers and students. This study is based on the assumption that, in the introduction of a new technology, different intentions can be identified, bringing into play the elements considered by each one of the actors involved. This paper analyzes a study case, i.e., the Vermont School in Medellín from 2020 to 2021, to explore a particular scenario of complete access to ICTs, as well as the new virtual environments and dynamics resulting from confinement as a strategy to prevent COVID-19 spread. Using surveys, interviews, and focus groups, the authors describe the new telematic environments, as well as the perceptions and relationships of designers, students, and teachers around the use of educational technologies. The results show that the introduction of technologies into education produces changes in the relationships between designers, teachers, and students because different elements modify the perceptions, intentions, and educational expectations of each actor. Consequently, when ICTs are integrated into education, designers, implementers, and users should agree on shared criteria. This integration should also consider the curriculum, the technological tool or platform, and the intentions of each actor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the existing links between social and public innovation based on the experiences of innovation laboratories in Medellín, where the institutional environment has generated adequate spaces for the open participation of the community and the development of social changes. Such analysis was based on a review of the links between the two types of innovation according to the theory and previous studies. Furthermore, this paper addresses the context of Medellín, where the laboratories under study here are established, in order to understand the particularities of their emergence, purpose, orientation towards innovation, achievements, and contributions to the different actors they collaborate with. The results show the elements that are connected for the emergence and evolution of these spaces, their contribution to solving social problems, the relevance of citizen participation, and the strengthening of the articulation between different citizen actors. Finally, the conclusions highlight the importance of social innovation in the public sphere and innovation laboratories as strategies that promote participation, experimentation, and capacity building in communities to generate more effective solutions to their problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents preliminary results of a research aimed at defining, designing and implementing an evaluation of the social appropriation of scientific knowledge in a non-formal education program for children, youth, adults and science advocates. The text is divided into four parts: the first part presents a brief state of the conceptual discussion on the term social appropriation of knowledge and others derived from it; the second part presents some ways of approaching the evaluation of activities of social appropriation of science and technology; the third part presents some reflections resulting from local views on the conceptualization and evaluation of such appropriation in the city (Medellin). Finally, it is concluded that there is a tension between different relevant actors for social appropriation of science and technology in the city of Medellin related to conceptual differences, as well as to different ways of implementing activities to promote and evaluate such appropriation. Thus, it is necessary to recognize a conceptual pluralism in relation to the relevant terms to address the relationship between science and society, as well as to recognize an emerging academic community focused on these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: this paper reviews the strategies and practices through which the Catholic Church and the Medellin Cine-Club (Movie Club) drove specific ways of viewing and judging movies in the mid-20th century in this city. Methodology: with this aim, we draw upon the critique of printed documentary sources such as newspapers, magazines, books, statistical yearbooks, and legislation, complemented with the review of relevant bibliography. Originality: the documentary review allowed suggesting that, as opposed to the traditional vision, the role of the Church cannot be reduced to its intervention in official film censorship and moral censorship it performed through the classification of films. This institution was also particularly active in publishing bulletins and books, creating film fora, and organizing conferences. The Cine-Club, on the other hand, was an entity set up to screen movies not exhibited in commercial theaters because of censorship or lack of mass audience appeal. It made the Church and the city's most conservative sectors hostile and made it challenging to find members and host regular exhibitions. The meeting between those two social actors evidences a historiographically unexplored dispute within the bounds of movie exhibition. Conclusions: the Catholic Church was interested in exercising its capacity for moral control, but did not limit its activities to the latter, given it also sought to form the faithful in the technical and artistic aspects of the sphere seeking to build a Catholic spectator, understood as a spectator who would watch and judge a movie as a work of art without forgetting Christian morals. At the same time, the Cine-Club was attempting to educate cinephiles, in whom the love for movies implied an independent esthetic judgment supported in a relative split between quality and morality. Both positions came into conflict, which led to the close of the secular institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the software development industry presents challenges for processing business information, specifically that contained in textual documents. In the process of software requirements elicitation, a potential source of relevant information is business documents, since they can facilitate the knowledge understanding about a domain, as well as know the evolution of a product. Despite its usefulness, requirements engineers do not always use it for their work because of time and costs involved. In this paper this problem is addressed and it is recognized through a systematic literature review, the potentiality of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to extract relevant textual information from business documents, and the utility of its representation in conceptual models. Starting from this, a semiautomatic method of extracting information from business documents written in natural language in Spanish and its representation in a conceptual model is proposed. The method is supported in a reference methodological framework for Text Analytics projects, is based on NLP techniques, and the output is represented in a class diagram. The method was evaluated through a case study with software analysts in Medellin-Colombia, taking as input telecommunications resolution documents. The evaluation allows us to conclude that the model is a satisfactory approach to solving the problem, and some lines of work are identified to generalize a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to define the necessary elements that must be considered to guarantee the right to adequate food in confinement contexts and that can be adopted by municipal and district governments through their development plans. For this paper, a qualitative research with a documentarytype hermeneutic approach was carried out. It included the search of specialized literature in academic and scientific databases, the systematization of information in bibliographic records and the analysis of this information in discussion sessions with all the work team. The obligatory isolation as a measure to prevent the spread and contagion of COVID-19 has produced economic impacts that expose a food crisis in the city of Medellin, its attention has been made from exceptional, conjunctural and welfare measures. This has revealed the absence of an accessibility strategy and availability of adequate food, at the juncture, in the short, medium and long terms, configuring a structural violation of the right to adequate food. Based on a review of the declared exception regime, the analysis of the project of the development plan for Medellin and the guidelines provided by international organizations, a set of elements that should be considered in the design of an adequate food accessibility and availability strategy are proposed in emergency situations that require mandatory preventive isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviewing the documents of the II General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate (1968), a lack of specifically missiological reflection emerges. However, Medellin offers essential elements for a proper Latin American missionary debate. The objectives of this paper are: to recall the contributions of the Melgar Document in preparation to Medellin, to remember Bishop Samuel Ruiz' conference "Evangelization in Latin America" and to share some considerations about the major lines that characterize the Final Document. From this study it is possible to glimpse emerging problems, missionary perspectives, some gaps and, in particular, the fundamental axes upon which it may be possible to set up a Theology of Mission from Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the determinants of attendance and the frequency of attendance of performing arts events in Medellin, specifically theater, dance, and music. Using data from the Quality of Life Survey of Medellin 2014, we estimate regularized discrete choice models that allow us to efficiently select the relevant variables that explain the cultural consumption decisions, while at the same time, solving the statistical problems that appear when the number of explanatory variables is high. Results show that the level of education and time restrictions are the principal determinants of performing arts attendance in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the effect of pollution on housing prices. In particular, we explore the effect of Metroplús on housing prices in Medellin city for 2010 and 2012 years, and the direct impact of air pollution and public transport coverage. We select treatment and control by georeferencing the households and according to a distance criterion of 750 meters. Using two methodologies: Difference in Differences (DD) and Propensity Score Matching with Differences in Differences (PSM-DD), we do not find effects at the aggregate level; However, we find that low strata houses receive a positive effect, while high strata houses are negatively affected. In addition, air pollution has a significant impact; however, public transport coverage does not have effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Venezuelan migratory phenomenon is a reality that has been present in the Colombian territory and, therefore, in Medellin city. It is important to emphasize the role of the public library and its ability to respond to these new scenarios through the adaptation of services that provide immigrants with information and tools to integrate themselves successfully into the local and regional culture. This paper aims to provide an overview of the constant flow of Venezuelan citizens in the public libraries of the city and, finally, some service strategies, programs and activities are proposed, in order to improve the living conditions of these new users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines recent transformations in state organization and practices following the 2008 global financial crisis, especially with regard to urban development. It is argued that the financial crisis revealed the fallacy of the erosion of the nation state under neoliberal globalization, with its manifest resurgence as the key scale of crisis administration: nexus for both the financial rescue of the banking system and the re-scaling of regulation at the sub-national scale. After a review of recent trends in state theory in urban and regional studies, the paper describes the political geography of the financial crisis before exploring in greater detail the unfolding of spatial policy and institutional change in two contrasting cases: Birmingham in the UK and Medellín in Colombia. In both cases, evidence is provided which indicates renewed and probably durable processes of recentralization of regulatory powers and greater intervention in local affairs, as well as new forms of state territorial conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medellin is one of the cities, which annually reports one of the highest indicators of concentration of wealth in the world. This means that poverty is a factor that has an impact on people's lives, which in large part it could explain the problems of exclusion and violence. A look from the anthropology of poverty allows to recognize the contributions of social movements, which from different perspectives have been developed and which have generated critical and emancipatory alternatives. This paper aims to make an anthropological look at poverty in Medellin by taking into account some contributions of the Franciscan thought and social experiences, which have influenced good living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of the project "Territorial public policy in Medellín, actors, resources and opportunities. The public policies of forced displacement, and sexual and gender diversity". It proposes a reading of collective actions of the victim population in Medellín, regarding with territorial public policy in attention to victims. So it continues with a research agenda on these two issues and their relationships: the collective actions of the victims and territorial public policies in Medellín and Antioquia. In this text is developed a general context of the public policy of attention to the victims and a little history of the forced displacement policy. Also makes an approach to the collective actions of the victims in the territorial public policy, briefly discusses what happens from national policies to the territories, the relation expressed in the decentralization and territorial approaches. This paper ends with some considerations on the relationship at Medellín between collective action and public policy for the victims of the armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the determinants of spending by cultural tourists, considering the particular case of visitors to three different museums in the city of Medell'ın, Colombia. Based on 434 survey data collected from visitors to the museum at the end of his visit during the period June to October 2011, using a double-hurdle econometric model, the paper estimates the effect of different variables on the amount and the likelihood of visitor spending at a microeconomic level. The results show that the expenditure on various items of tourism activity raises the likelihood of spending as well as the amount to spend on accommodation and food items and drinks. Particularly there is a proportional increase in all major components within the tourism expenditure, i.e., transportation, lodging and meals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the analysis of the meaning of psychoactive drug consumption among indigenous students from the university located in Medellín, Colombia, 2012. This study used grounded theory, rooted in symbolic interactionism as analysis techniques. Six semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted, and 2 focal groups. As a result, the authors characterized the difference in meaning that consuming traditional plants and psychoactive substances has for indigenous communities and for the western community. Likewise, they identified the role of context, peer interaction, and cultural identity. It is concluded that the students’ concepts of traditional indigenous plants and psychoactive substances demonstrate that a transformation is taking place which westernizes the traditional meanings and practices. This is a consequence of the knowledge and experiences acquired in the city, an interaction with Occidentalism that can be detrimental, given their weak cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current paper introduces the research results aiming at demonstrating and identifying, in the city of Medellin, the multiple effects to people by the lack of home utilities, still and the technical, operational, and financial capacities of the company providing services in the city: Public Companies of Medellin (EPM -ESP), which supposes an inadequate reading of the reality of the city, mainly on the outskirts and high-risk areas. This situation makes the citizens resort to the judicial routes or assault and battery in order for them to provide with the service, and in either of the two routes, a series of legal, social, and economic difficulties are derived, which becomes a problem to the Municipality, which according to the Law 142 as of 1994, is responsible for ensuring the people the right to home utilities, situations which could have a more adequate solution to the extent that it can be adjusted to the reality of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows a research done about the present status and experiences of Project Management Office (PMO) implementation within some organizations of Medellin city, in order to gather learned lessons that could be used later as a base to propose effective project management methodologies. Firstly, a study of available literature regarding definitions, models, functions, roles and maturity levels of PMO, was carried out result were used to design an interview that was applied to PMO directors' of selected organizations of Medellin City. Once the interviews were applied, an analysis of the gathered information was done, so each PMO was assessed regarding functions, roles and model, which led to classify them into a rating scale to determine their performance level. Then, according to the results, they were identified the learned lessons regarding implementation of PMO, were identified highlighting conclusions and recommendations about key success factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the result of a literature review of the work of grade 2009-2012 period, which lie in the library of the University Institution Pascual Bravo Medellin city, of all technological and vocational programs offering the same now aims to identify projects and applied research topics related to production companies related to the clúster textiles, clothing, fashion design and paisa region, the institution has to date thirteen technology programs, 3 professional specialization of the which 7 recorded in the study period 229 degree works related to the clúster in question. The grade most representative themes are related to fashion collections, business plans for companies in the textile sector, garment design (textiles, leather goods, accessories), studies of labor and plant layout, corporate identity manual for companies that sector, automation and prototyping machines for the textile industry. This is intended to lead pascualina the institution as an institution of higher education, a strategic alliance with the clúster in question to support education, training and advice to family businesses, small and medium enterprises related to the clúster to empower them and make them more productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a principal hypothesis: the negotiation processes must be understood as relational mechanisms through which conflict actors adjust their previous relations of power, and not as lineal and altruist peace processes. In this way, the paper analyzes the negotiation with "Popular Militias of Medellin" in 1994 through the analysis of local legitimacies and the consequences of the negotiation to adjust of local relations of power. It concludes with three principal claims: a) negotiation processes are open windows of opportunity to adjust of previous relations of power, b) those processes require articulation between no-state and state legitimacies, and c) the articulation must be guaranteed with local and national state presence during and after the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach to the relationship between land use planning and socioeconomic residential segregation, from the location of social housing in Medellin, Colombia, during the period 2006-2011. The first part introduces the land use regulations regarding the location of social housing, identifying ambiguities in the current spatial plan. Next, we present the intersection of regulatory information and the location of the projects that were under construction during the study period, highlighting the need to consider the location as an important characteristic of social housing and residential segregation as a phenomenon that must be recognized and worked on land use planning in our cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of considering the relationship established between Youth and Communication springs from the research "Musical Youth Mediations" which explores youth cultural production via the appropriation of alternative media. In this paper, we acknowledge the communicative developments present in web portals and recording studios which have been appropriated by the young and their culture, particularly the hip hop movement in Medellín. We consider this movement is a space that allows for identity ascription and a feeling of belonging, facts which in turn are strengthened by the development of their own languages, and that they help the young in exercising their skills to become active agents in reshaping their lives and their immediate surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a characterization from the specific case of the file applied by the Forging Futures Foundation and the Assembly of Cooperation for Peace in Spain, Social Action, the Prosecutor and the Ombudsman, Saint Bonaventure University, People's Training Institute is made, within the framework of the 9 district days to the attention to the victims of the armed conflict in the city of Medellin and the Metropolitan Area since May 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the simple and complex deficit and democratic model approaches, this paper analyses the communication strategies applied in several museums and interactive centers --Parque Explora, Museo Interactivo Empresas Públicas de Medellín, Planetario Jesús Emilio Ramírez and Museo Universitario from the University of Antioquia in the city of Medellín-. We argue that communicating scientific and technological developments at a conjunctural moment -because of the pressure exerted by the demand side to bring knowledge within the reach of the man in the street- involves recognizing science and technology issues should not be conveyed in a language increasingly distanced from layman's understanding and should allow for citizens' critical thinking formation face to techno-scientific developments. By analysing the communication approaches mentioned above, we found significant obstacles to be overcome in the communication strategies applied by museum staff in order to come to an understanding of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the consumption pattern, expectations and satisfaction of the population of Medellin with Tetra Pak packages, the treatment given to them now when they are discarded and the conduct to be followed, knowing that the Tetra Pak is recyclable, then the process to recover partially debris from Tetra Pak is modeled and marketed as intermediate goods, eligible to be reinstated within various production processes. Several operating policies through a discrete event simulation built in Extend are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the major changes in working conditions of human resources in health since Act 100 of 1993. This paper is divided in two parts: the first one refers to the working conditions of health professionals in Colombia based on secondary sources and the second shows the results of a survey of a sample of Medellin professionals. We found that after the implementation of the Act, working conditions have deteriorated, especially for those professionals not engaged directly by health agencies, it also has generated wage gaps between professionals from different fields and even within the same; and has increased the working-day hours and underemployment found it in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the most important results of a research focused on the construction process of architectonical concrete, presenting as a final result a handbook with recommendations on how to build architectonical concrete elements in the city of Medellin (Colombia). Architectonical concrete is a construction material which is able to supply both structural stability and definitive finishing. The research started by the definition of existing defects as well as their measuring techniques and tolerances. A statistical study was made in order to determine the most common defects on concrete surfaces in Medellin city. Possible causes of the most common defects were determined and, as a result of the analysis of each cause, general and particular solutions were given. General solutions focused on materials, equipment and the building process whereas particular solutions were given to each defect. Finally, the results herein presented constitute an advance in developing a regional specification, which will allow for the standardization of the processes involved on architectonical concrete construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies technologies for the agro-industrial sector which supposedly are important in the future and which are necessary to create the competences that allow us to offer the required knowledge for the innovation of products, processes and services in this sector and which help us to identify and to define new economic activities and to strengthen the existing ones in the region [1]. That is why we can identify the need for prospective studies with respect to Agro-industrial Engineering programs with the objective to create the foundation for the education of professionals with adequate profiles y competences. Professionals who are prepared to face a variety of changes which could come up in the future. This project consists in a prospective study using the DELPHI method, prioritizing the principal areas, topics and technologies which should be emphasized in the faculty of Agro-industrial Engineering in the University Pontificia Bolivariana in Medellín, Colombia. This study presents a list of technologies which are most relevant in the education process of the faculty of Agro-industrial Engineering with respect to the area of production, transformation, management and commercialization and logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the understanding of the variables and determinants of the ideas about strategy and how to reach it, that were expressed by people who work in companies that are located in the Aburra valley (Medellin, Colombia). The methodology used in the research had an exploratory character, focused on qualitative aspects and was conducted by the completion of a questionnaire with open questions, which final results and observations were afterwards analyzed. After the integration of the results, these were contrasted with recognized authors, such as, Igor Ansoff, Michael Porter, Alfred Chandler, Henry Mintzberg, Richard Whittington, to mention a few, in order to compare the results of the field research with the proposals of such management theory experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study about a resettlement process from the area of El Morro in the neighborhood of Moravia in Medellin (Colombia), to state-built houses. It describes the different ways in which the resldents occupied the architectural spaces of the new houses. The intention is to show the tensions that emerge when the new inhabitants try to reconstruct in a different environment, their traditional way of life and sense of home, charactenstic of popular culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the methodology used to calibrate an NWS-FLDWAV model for flood routing through a stretch of the Medellín river. To build the model, the topographic information of the selected river section was compiled as soon as the stage hydrographs registered in the gauge stations. The importance of considering the discharge contributions along the stretch, which arise from the direct run-off caused essentially by the precipitation, was identified through the analysis of the behavior of the chosen floods. A way to calibrate the model was discovered that included the Manning coefficient of frictional resistance and the contribution discharge. This discharge was obtained from the analysis of the difference between base discharges for the two measurement stations that limit the river segment and were simulated with a spatial and temporal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a description and analysis of the process of activation of resilience carried on twenty families belonging to the therapeutic community Luis Amigó of Medellín, as a project of investigation-action during the year 1999. As a strategy, the eight principles of emotional interaction and cognitive mediation were followed, as proposed by the International Child Development Programs ICDP. The expected result at the end of the process, which could be ascertained at the final evaluation of the project, was the strengthening of bonds of healthy affection among its members, necessary for the generation of an ambience different from co-dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this little paper is to disseminate between regional geoscientists an historical data about an earthquake or swarm of earthquakes, felt in what is now the city of Medellín, in 1730. As far as is known, this event has not been reported before in available historical catalogs. It is important to understand the seismic hazard of the city and the region. An brief analysis is made with the limited published historical information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]