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In the current scenario ruled by governance, the digital transformation of education is woven through the participation of multiple actors. Recent academic literature deals with the study of state, regional or private policies. However, municipal policies are also an element of great interest for illustrating micro-political processes, making it possible to develop situated work. Based on this premise, this paper studies the case of a municipality in the province of València that for the last decade has been implementing an initiative to provide digital devices to 5th grade students in its four schools. Using a qualitative approach, a field study is carried out by means of interviews with teachers and classroom observations, in which this initiative is investigated, delving into the difficulties and challenges it entails. The main results show that local councils are key bodies in promoting the digitalisation of schools, and that municipal policies reflect the trends in the transformation of education that govern the macro-political level. In conclusion, it can be seen that the municipal context is driving changes in classroom work, posing important challenges for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of inhaled anesthesia has its origins in the soporiferous sponge. It was in the 19th century with the discovery of nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform that began a new era that redirected the anesthesiology and surgery. In Mexico, inhaled anesthesia with ether and chloroform was introduced in the XIX century during the United States War of Intervention, when doctors from both armies used it for the first time in military surgery and later in the practice of civilian medicine. Scientific publications in our country related to this new knowledge were non-existent and the little written was limited to small inserts in local newspapers. Dr. Ramón Alfaro, member of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, published in 1852 in the corporation’s journal one of the first scientific articles known in our country related to the practice to anesthesia with chloroform. Dr. Antonio Sánchez Meneses was a distinguished Mexican anesthesiologist and medical historian, who dedicated himself to researching the history of anesthesiology, especially inhaled anesthesia in Mexico. The aim of this paper is to make a brief description of the history of inhaled anesthesia, its main protagonists and its incorporation in Mexico, but especially to honor the memory of doctors Ramón Alfaro and Antonio Sánchez Meneses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper examines the open legal primary rule in Chile for the selection of the presidential candidate, established in 2012 through Law 20640. This rule contains elements shared with similar legislation in the region as well as specific characteristics. Methodology: Through a case study, we will investigate the results and consequences of the application of primaries on the three occasions they were implemented (2013, 2017, and 2021). We will review the formal changes adopted and the political events that occurred in the interim, considering the main variables that typically intervene in electoral events of this nature, drawn from the existing debate and literature. Conclusions: The case of Chile shows that the combination of an open legal primary system with voluntary internal voting, incomplete simultaneity, and the absence of stable political groupings produces effects that do not align with either the general aspirations for the implementation of primaries or the theoretical purposes outlined by the ideologists of Chilean legislation. Originality: This study contributes to the emerging literature addressing open legal primaries in their dual aspect, both as a nomination mechanism and as an electoral rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of tolerance and recognition of the other in the text of the peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-FARC-EP People's Army, and its implication in the success of the Agreement and the construction of a stable and lasting peace. As early as, a documentary review and using the hermeneutic method, philosophical texts that address the concept of tolerance and recognition of the other were reviewed, to then enter into dialogue with the text of the Final Agreement. It is concluded that the final Agreement expressly emphasizes tolerance, but not recognition of the other; however, there are relevant aspects in the text of the Agreement such as forgiveness and reconciliation that require going beyond tolerant acts, especially when is going to implement a Peace Agreement to end an armed conflict, where negative feelings are involved that make it difficult to advance in national reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the complex semantic aspects of "Transmodernity" by Enrique Dussel and "New Cultural Mixing" by Juan Carlos Scannone within the context of how Christianity's liberating philosophical framework contributes to the idea of "universality". This reconstruction delineates a analysis of the reconfiguration offered by these two authors concerning notion of "universality", on the basis of the relationship between European Modernity and Euro-North American Postmodernity, the differentiated processes of Latin American modernization and Nuestroamerican tradition's plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960s, Foucault conducted his historical-philosophical research under the methodological name of archaeology, using this term to refer to the study of the historical conditions of possibility that allowed for the emergence of various knowledges and institutions. In his book The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, published in 1966, Foucault focused his descriptive work on the different epochs of thought around the concepts of episteme and historical a priori, both of which were abandoned at least in the Foucauldian vocabulary of the following decade when Foucault began to describe his intellectual work as genealogy. In the intellectual field in Argentina, the reception and circulation of Foucault's work varied greatly from the 1950s to the present day. In recent years, archaeological categories have been used to think about both intellectual history and the diagnosis of contemporary society. In this paper, we will present two updates of Foucault's episteme to think about the tensions between knowledge and politics: the era of "The Forms" by Elías Palti and the postmodern episteme by Pablo Manolo Rodríguez, showing how both expressions reformulate the conceptual apparatus used by Foucault to think about an archaeology of the political in the case of the former, and the historical emergence of cybernetics by analyzing the epistemic changes made in the last fifty years in the case of the latter author. For this task, we will show what is retained from the Foucauldian gesture but also to what extent Argentine authors distance themselves from the thinker from Poitiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a critical reflection on the cultural protocols present in the conception of artificial intelligence (AI) and its link with poetic writing based on the work Soy una máquina y no puedo olvidar (2017) by Martín Rangel. On the one hand, the work highlights the anthropocentric conception with which the 'creative' possibility of machines has been objectified and their role as an 'assistant' in the creation of an 'augmented humanity', a concept explored by the French philosopher, Eric Sadin. On the other hand, the work proposes a temporal gap between the expectation of immediacy in digital tools and the standards of human temporality in the writing process. Within this framework, Rangel's work allows for the development of an elucidation that creates a tension between the common view of the relationships between AI and poetry through fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the role of Latin American e-lit anthologies in the platformization of culture? This paper compares such anthologies with the dominant platform model as a characteristic mode of production in the digital medium. Since e-lit is a fertile liminal field for rethinking categories of literary criticism, the hypothesis is that it illustrates the oscillation between two poles of digital content: 'capturability' and 'overflow', poles whose aesthetic and political implications are paradoxical. The digital cultural field may be effectively created at the interfaces, or, alternatively, in the interfaces, so the aim is to offer a tentative response to two related questions: what are the challenges for literary criticism in this scenario; and what are the differences between a) fully integrated or convergent productions as normalized digital content in the context of online platforms; and b) those that exceed the limits of standardization due to other dynamics of indexation and distribution. We introduce the proposition of a forensic aesthetics as a form of accessing the field and interfaces as a key subject. Interfaces are discussed through the contrast between a standardizing 'container model' and the indexing operation of artworks that transcend the logics of 'content', like those selected by Latin American e-lit anthologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the poetry of Colombian poet Piedad Bonnett (born in Amalfi, 1951) from the figurations of impermanence, viewing it as semiotic mediation towards the profound structures of the lyrical universe. Based on the distinction made by Christine Buci-Glucksmann (2006) between a melancholic and a positive ephemeral, the study intends to highlight the predominance of textual signs that convey a painful vision of impermanence in Bonnett’s poetry. This involves the meditation on the temporality of existence from an allegorization of the fleeting, on the one hand, and a certain corporealist intuition of time, on the other. The analysis ends by examining the conditioning factors that can justify such an approach towards the transitory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemological debate is an inherent part of Geography, given the constant lack of definition and noted absence of unity within the discipline. Epistemological reflection not only shapes Geography's identity, but also enables it to establish its position as an independent academic field. However, in Spain, epistemological reflection in Geography has been weak. In recent years, its significance appears to be diminishing, with researchers and professors showing less concern for matters related to geographical thought, and a reduced emphasis on these topics in university education. This paper examines the content of Geography theory in Spanish university programs and assesses the epistemological discourse among Spanish geographers in academic discussions and publications. The findings indicate a regressive trend, both in the teaching of the theory of Geography and in the contributions to epistemology within academic discussions and media. This trend poses a risk to the ongoing processes of updating teaching staff and curricula in Spanish Geography. It could lead to the fragmentation of the discipline into numerous subfields, each with different theories and methods, lacking a cohesive theoretical framework. It is crucial to propose new avenues for accommodating this epistemological reflection and integrating it into university teaching. There is interest among Spanish geographers, but this interest lacks a platform in the preferred channels for publishing and disseminating academic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychosocial intervention program described in the present paper is implemented in five modules. The general objective is to provide an initial protocol in the procedure of psychosocial interventions to prevent alcoholism in adolescents through the empowerment of new social representations of its consumption. This proposal resides in a multi-methodological strategy, starting from the Historical-cultural approach, specifically from the social situation of development as a category. The epistemological platform is expected to facilitate a valuable methodology to prevent alcoholism in adolescents. Systematizing said prevention process will aim at setting the course for a theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a critical analysis of Law 20.393, which regulates the criminal liability of legal persons in Chile, with special emphasis on those aspects in which the national legislator was innovative in relation to the Italian legislation used as the main inspiring model, weighing the sense of each of them in the light of the discussion on these elements in comparative law. In this sense, the reflections are especially focused on the weighting of the relevance and scope of three important modifications: the unification of the regime of attribution of liability whether a subject acts in a superior position or one in a subordinate position; the omission of the inclusion of the requirement of fraudulent circumvention of the preventive rule; and the certification as a mechanism of preventive suitability of the model recognized by international regulations as useful for the accreditation of a serious and efficient self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to be a contribution to the discussion of the so-called "communicability problem", by stating that there is no such problem that can be solved in a sole way for all types of criminal intervention. The analysis will focus on the accessory intervention of the figures of incitement and complicity, beginning with (1) a proposal for understanding both figures as forms of imputation of an auxiliary conduct to the main conduct of the perpetrator. Subsequently, (2) the structure of the so-called "improper special offences" will be analyzed, focusing on the distinction between offence and punishable act. From this distinction, the discussion on the communicability of personal circumstances to extranei participants will be reviewed from the understanding of the imputation structure of participation as an accessory conduct. To this end, (3) the main arguments against the immutability of a punishable act qualified by personal elements to extranei will be presented (4) by focusing on the interpretative controversy that has arisen around article 64 of the Chilean Penal Code. After presenting a proposal for interpretation that distinguishes between circumstances modifying the penalty and elements modifying the wrongful act, (5) this thesis will be contrasted with the proposals that favor the so-called "limited communicability" that defend the "rupture of the imputation title" for cases of punishable acts qualified by personal elements. (6) It will conclude with a brief outline of what should be the solution in cases of principal intervention in a punishable act, namely, the intervention of extranei indirect perpetration and coperpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution analyzes the role of norms contained in individual administrative acts to determining the content of criminal wrongdoing. The reference to administrative acts raises a series of questions regarding the role of these norms in the configuration of the criminal offense and the extent to which the criminal norm can be determined by the content of said administrative act. This problem cannot be adequately addressed without a reflection on the way in which criminal law interacts with norms and evaluations from other areas of the legal system. Based on a critical analysis of these arguments, this paper provides an alternative explanation regarding the basis and scope of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an analysis of the role played by trust relationships and the agent's position in the definition of unjust conduct regarding the crime of disloyal administration in art. 470 N°. 11 Chilean Penal Code. To that effect, the paper critically analyzes dogmatic discourses of national criminal literature and proposes an autonomous reading of the elements of the crime at national level. It is therefore concluded that the incorporation of the general clause “to be in charge” provides a specific and novel content that, interpreted in the form of “responsibility as a role”, introduces the requirement of a normative status. In other words, the crime is not based on the violation of norms of conduct with open or common recipients that refer to the generic role of citizen but rather on specific and institutional norms that refer to the special status of the person in relation to the legal good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractivist archaeological practices have been carried out in the Atacama Lickanantay territory, Antofagasta region, northern Chile, ever since the 19th century, excluding or denying the voice and/or participation of members of the local indigenous community. However, the beginning of the 21st century saw a change in this sense bringing new experiences of collaboration between Atacameños and archaeologists. Our goal is to reflect on the definitions and applications of collaborative methodologies in archaeological projects, through discussion focusing on the global, through the national and finally the local, from where we approach a particular collaborative project. The research, conducted between early 2021 and mid 2024, studies the history of the collection and patrimonialization of indigenous bodies in the Atacameño Lickanantay territory, and socializes this information among the local communities. Based on this work, we conclude that all research in the territory must involve and be authorized by the Atacameño communities. Also, we consider that the Atacameños should stop being the object of research and instead become researchers who lead or collaborate in the studies within their communities and in their territory. The originality of this paper lies precisely in the fact that it brings a global discussion of contemporary archaeology to a concrete case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of the loss of insect diversity in the world and Mexico, to make it evident and know the consequences that may arise from this situation, as well as the main causes that cause it, with specific examples based on personal experiences. Finally, some suggestions are provided that could help reduce this problem, several of them are derived from the references consulted and others are proposed for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to honor Dr. Gabriela Castaño-Meneses for her remarkable scientific career, which has served as an enduring wellspring of inspiration for the members of the Laboratory of Arthropod Ecology in Extreme Environments. Throughout her professional journey, Dr. Castaño-Meneses has delved into the exploration of arthropod ecology and taxonomy, distinguishing herself particularly in the study of springtails, mites, and ants. Her research has traversed a broad spectrum of habitats, ranging from soil ecosystems to tree canopies, encompassing cave-dwelling and aquatic environments. Her contributions extend nationally and internationally, enriching our comprehension of ecological processes which can promote efforts in biodiversity conservation amidst the challenges posed by climate change and habitat loss. Beyond her scholarly achievements, Dr. Castaño-Meneses stands out as an emblematic reference in our lives, transcending her profound humanity throughout our tenure in her laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the presidential systems of Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Uruguay, covering the period between 1989 and 2022, with the aim of examining the factors that motivate a person in the head of a ministry to seek the presidential candidacy. The central argument holds that both the incumbent president and the political parties have the purpose of taking advantage of a person's passage through a Cabinet of State to boost his or her presidential candidacy within the political organization. The selected cases are justified due to the existence of historical moments in which ministers have left their posts to compete for the presidency in these countries. The methodology employed in this study follows a multimethod logic. First, quantitative logistic regression analysis is used, followed by qualitative press analysis of ministers' careers to support the theoretical argument. The most notable results highlight that having a political profile, being a member of the president's political party and having held a political ministry are influential factors when running in presidential elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to demonstrate how the artworks in the exhibition "Madres plantas y mujeres luchadoras. Visiones desde Cantagallo", created by the Shipibo artists of the Non Shinanbo collective, constitute a testimonial record that evidences the strategies that emerged within Cantagallo, an urban indigenous community, in the context of the measures taken by the Peruvian State during the first stage of the Covid-19 pandemic. Through the "reading" and analysis of a selection of artworks and based on interviews with the artists, it will be illustrated how their work creates an effective testimony that emphasizes the empowerment of the women in the community, the significance of the bonds of solidarity within the community and the relevance of Shipibo traditional knowledge, which is open to heterogeneous elements, thus evidencing its modernity and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to assess and improve the impact on reading students' comprehension due to an intervention in two curricular modules, Teorías pedagógicas and Lengua at Teacher's Training of an Instituto de Formación Docente (IFD) in Uruguay. The framework on these studies is based on Academic Literacy, which encompasses the teaching practices needed for reading specialized texts. The method used to quantify changes on reading students' comprehension is a pretest and posttest strategy without control group. Before and after the intervention a reading comprehension test is applied. The results show a statistically significant difference in the mean between the pre and posttest (the difference of 1 and p value equal to 0.003). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted which is that the intervention produced change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose a sentencing model with a gender perspective for judges, which contributes to guaranteeing the application of women's human rights and reducing errors in sentences, such as: revictimization, poor access to justice, discrimination, as well as gender stereotypes or prejudices that can affect judicial reasoning. The methodological design of this study is based on the qualitative paradigm based on the data collection technique and a descriptive legal content analysis of specialized guidelines in the doctrinal and normative field, as well as thirty sentences for gender-based crimes in the period 2020-2023 issued by the Judicial Branch of the State of Michoacán. As a result, a guide or model of sentencing in criminal matters is proposed so that judges can identify and apply it in cases where gender violence has been proven, this will make it possible to have a more precise and solid judgment in its argumentation, as well as to meet the main criteria for the protection of women's human rights before the corpus iuris of law on the matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to trace some lines of understanding of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. To do so, it employs tools from Greek mythology—in the form of the goddesses Themis and Dike—to provide minimal explanations for the onset of resentment and indignation that fuel robust processes of violence and revenge. Employing the hypothetical-deductive method, the paper advances by proposing honor as a structuring element of the social status within Arab families, and ethics as the Jewish worldview of life, supported by rituals that seek purity (kashrut). The study also innovates by presenting an initial proposal for the peace process between Israel and Palestine based on the system of total exchanges, referred to as potlatch by Marcel Mauss (2016, ebook), aiming to bridge fractures and develop an ethos of trust and overcoming pain, towards a progressive agenda of dialogue and mutual concessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on locating the career and contributions made by María Bertely Busquets to the historical research on the Mexican education field to highlight a facet of her intellectual activity that was little known but very important to her. The edition of La División es nuestra fuerza. Escuela, Estado-nación y poder étnico en un pueblo migrante de Oaxaca, her great posthumous work, constitutes the axis of the account of her participation and contributions to the education historiography in the country. But, in addition, it serves to situate a prolonged constructive process preceded by approaches to the history and historicization of the culture of the school and its agents from ethnographic practice, which then gives way to the deepening and development of the anthropological-historical method that deploys in the work. As a final reflection, the importance of bringing together the works and promoting intellectual exchange between anthropologists and historians of education is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of the different cardiology medical residencies in Latin America. Method: Cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the characteristics of cardiology residencies in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, through self-administered electronic surveys. Results: Three hundred seven residents of 147 residences were surveyed. Mean age was 31 years and 63% were male. Ninety eight percent carry out their training in the capital city. The average total training time is 4.8 years. Forty four percent complete their residency in internal medicine prior to starting cardiology, and 10% have no prior training. In cardiology training is 3 years in most countries. Fifty four percent present academic activities every day and 16% only once or less, consisting of theoretical classes (93%), clinical cases (85%), bibliographic workshops (69%), and writing scientific papers (68%). Supervision is carried out by the chief resident (45%), resident coordinator (44%), resident instructor (27%) or the department head (54%), while 2.6% do not present supervision. The main rotations were echocardiography (99%), hemodynamics (96%), coronary unit (93%), and electrophysiology (92%). Residents highlighted the need to improve academic activities (23%) and scientific production (12%). Conclusions: There are important differences in the academic and practical training between the residences of the different countries of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Mexico's productive and commercial integration from 1995 to 2018. It offers a framework to understand how the sectors of the Mexican economy are integrated into global value chains (gvc). The methodology developed by Wang, Wei, Yu, and Zhu (2017a and 2017b) is applied to the interregional input-output matrices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (oecd). With this, two questions are answered: 1) What percentage of production factors used in Mexican sectors have been involved in activities of segmented production or gvc between countries? And 2) what percentage of final products produced by sectors in Mexico come from gvc activities? The results indicate that the sectors of the Mexican economy have higher participation indexes in backward linkages, which shows a higher share of imported intermediate inputs, compared to their respective participation indexes in forward linkages. The latter represents inputs from the country in exports and production of goods from third countries. Additionally, the results indicate that any policy design aimed at promoting specific activities should take into account the increasing integration of countries and their sectors gvc on a global scale, regardless of their level of development. This fact may limit the options for further integrating activities related to gvc with domestic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes empirically the existence of the credit channel of monetary policy in Mexico, that is, the relationship between changes in the target interest rate and variations in credit granted by commercial banks. The study combines aggregate information with data from the individual balance sheets of commercial banks and conducts a panel data regression analysis. The analysis is performed for total credit and its components (business, consumer, and mortgage). Additionally, by using banks' accounting information, it explores whether the transmission mechanism occurs on the supply side. It is found that there is a negative and economically significant relationship between interest rate and credit, and such a relationship is established for different types of credit. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the transmission mechanism operates on the supply side, as banks with more robust balance sheets exhibit greater resilience to changes in the interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the central decades of the 19th century, Spain developed a banking system based on plurality of issuance. Various banks were authorized by the state to circulate their banknotes in their respective provinces. This process gave rise to a mosaic of issuing banks. Their existence facilitated the acceptance of banknotes, at the same time as these banks provided means of payment in the territories in which they operated. The effects were important both for the spread of the banknote and for the economy. This paper summarizes the Spanish issuing experience, which was affected by the crisis of 1866 and ended in 1874 with the issuing monopoly in the hands of the Banco de España. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While specialized literature has discussed the conditions necessary for economic development, such as the role of institutional frameworks, the implementation of an entrepreneurial state and national innovation systems or industrial policies and the creation of markets, less attention has been given to the role of energy and its relationship with the performance of industrial enterprises. This paper analyzes the links between the energy system and industrial policy in Argentina, revealing that the segmentation led to industry paying more for energy than residential users, although well below full cost, resulting in a transfer of tax revenues to industrial businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses mood selection in evaluative noun clauses introduced by the neutral article lo. There exist mutually exclusive theories: while certain authors speculate that mood has an impact on an informative level, according to others the subordinate clause of these syntactic constructions always represents rhematic information, regardless of the mood of their verb. To discover which of these speculations is valid, we analysed 4222 cases in the Corpes XXI and determined the frequency with which indicative and subjunctive appear with different verbs and adjectives in the syntactic structures considered. Data demonstrate that either one mood or another is increasingly used in an exclusive way in conformity with the semantic and frequency of the adjective or verb that induces it. This observation not only is solely compatible with the exclusive rhematic value of the subordinate clause, but also with the other secondary theories on the structures here considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this communication is to identify, to describe the process of building a public policy agenda that involves men in the construction of equality with women, and to recognize the perception of those who participated in it. It conceived the process as an organization with its own dynamics. A descriptive research about ethnographic approach involved recovery of documentary information of the process, interviews with participants in the construction of the agenda and a workshop. Results are presented in a timeline involved papers to prepare work meetings; profiles of potential participants were identified, the work to be developed was outlined and the respective call for in-person and virtual meetings was issued. Participants in the work meetings discussed contents of the agenda and political impact, the requirements to continue the process and the formation of specialized working groups. Elements such as uncertainty, the breaking of agreements and their fixed, the (mis)knowledge of what public policy among others, intervened in the process. As a conclusion, the lessons that emerge from this process are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between China's maritime security policy and territorial disputes in the gray zone in the South China Sea. The study examines this relationship through the strategy and means of Chinese maritime security policy, aiming to clarify the factors that influenced this policy to drag its territorial disputes into the gray zone. The article argues that the rivalries between countries in the region fostered by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) operated as an external pressure on China. Furthermore, geopolitical factors and the perception of the Chinese ruling elite have contributed to considering the UNCLOS as a threat to China's maritime interests in the South China Sea. Consequently, the Chinese maritime security policy seeks to shift the status quo in the region to establish China as a hegemonic regional power with its sphere of influence while avoiding an open war with its neighbors and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an empirical study of the directionality of the translation of Chinese adverbs of degree. We adopt the corpus-based quantitative methodology and the qualitative method to analyze the differences between direct and inverse translations of adverbs of degree in a self-built parallel corpus. The result shows that the Spanish translators prefer to use the equivalence method, while the Chinese tend to use the omission method. Moreover, the inverse translations present a much more prominent weakening of the degree than the direct ones. We find that the subjectivity of the translator and the characteristics of Chinese adverbs of degree, such as the blurred border between different degrees and semantic degeneracy, are the main factors of the discrepancy between direct and inverse translations. This work complements the studies on translation directionality and the translation of adverbs of degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of Relevance Theory, this paper discusses the coercion cases imposed by nominal classifiers in Chinese and proposes a translation strategy. The results show that the coercion imposed by nominal classifiers in Chinese appears in the cases of metaphor or metonymy. In these cases, the conflict between procedural semantics and conceptual semantics is always resolved in favor of the procedural one. Therefore, when we translate them from Chinese to Spanish, to get a correct translation, we should find out firstly the procedural semantics of the nominal classifiers and then combine them with the metaphor or metonymy meaning of the nouns generated in coercion contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will critically assess a very popular interpretation of Heidegger's early thought, according to which meaning (Bedeutung) is conceived as ontologically dependent on human existence (Dasein). To criticize this subjectivist understanding of meaning, I will offer an interpretation of Heidegger's analysis of signs in Being and Time (§17). This will reveal two main things: first, that the ubiquity of sign phenomena is founded on the universality of the structure known as reference (Verweisung); second, that Heidegger's idea of reference offers a non-substantialist understanding of meaning and its relation to the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is great interest in the participation of women in decision-making, as different studies show that the presence of women in management influences the improvement of the company's sustainability. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the characteristics of female leadership in agri-food cooperatives through a reference case study in Spain. The aim has been to analyse the process of women's access to the board of directors, the characteristics of their leadership and the influence that their leadership has on business sustainability, measured through its three ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) components. The results indicate that women join the board after demonstrating their professional skills to the members. Their leadership can be defined as transformational and is supported by the cooperative culture. It also shows that there is a positive relationship between women in leadership positions and the improvement of sustainability in agri-food cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperatives and worker-owned companies, as representatives of the Social Economy, prioritize people over capital. This prioritization is reflected in more equitable and inclusive workforces. Comparative analyses of these types of enterprises compared to commercial enterprises show smaller gender gaps, both in employment participation and in working conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the probability of access to positions of greater responsibility in these enterprises and to see whether women have a greater probability of access in these social economy enterprises than in commercial enterprises, concluding that they face fewer obstacles and that the glass ceiling is more fragile. Based on a decade-long analysis of labor trajectories and social security registration data, estimates indicate that female employees in cooperatives and worker-owned companies have a higher probability of reaching the highest contribution group than men. During the analyzed period, these companies have prioritized the integration of women into decision-making roles and have not faced a glass ceiling. This trend is particularly evident among workers aged over 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Latin America is facing a socio-political and economic context of great violence and crisis of care, reproduction of life, bonds and social fabric, with women being one of the most vulnerable groups. Therefore, it is necessary for social psychology, as a discipline permeated by neoliberalism and patriarchy, to turn its gaze and pay more attention, on the one hand, to the complex problems caused by political violence in our region and, on the other, to be critically examined to implement substantial transformations to its own research, academic education and social action or university extension processes. This article addresses some of the disciplinary challenges and responsibilities in a very complex regional context that requires a concrete and situated Latin American experience, and at the same time, a decolonial and intersectional feminist place of enunciation, that represents an area of resistance to continue building a critical, emancipatory and liberating, inclusive, feminist, diverse, intersectional and decolonial social psychology. Furthermore, it is necessary to forge a discipline that acts from epistemic disobedience and that can recognize other epistemological, theoretical, methodological, practical and interpretative frameworks of history and scientific knowledge that are enriched by the methods and practices of feminisms. Therefore, it is necessary to collaborate in making visible the contributions mainly of Costa Rican, Mesoamerican and Latin American women authors that confirm the political and socially transforming character of feminist research processes. However, to achieve this, it is essential to recognize that this is a disciplinary responsibility that concerns all professionals and not only women. Thus, the bibliographical review provides us with insights to continue working on a transforming, intersectional and encouragingly feminist social psychology, sensitive to regional contexts and from a psychosocial and decolonial praxis. Objective: This text seeks to contribute to the understanding and transformation of the disciplinary practice through a praxis that is critical towards a social approach, from feminist decolonial perspectives that are self-critical of the neoliberal patriarchal forms of reproduction of violence in the region and inside the activity of the discipline. Method: This article was developed through an online bibliographic search and review in scientific research portals, in journals such as Reflexiones and WimbLu of the University of Costa Rica (UCR), Revista Costarricense de Psicología, Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, Revista Psicología Política, Revista Psicoperspectivas, Individuo y Sociedad of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso and Revista Interamericana de Psicología. In addition, books from the repositories of the libraries of the National University (UNA) and the University of Costa Rica (UCR) were reviewed. Likewise, libraries of nongovernmental human rights and feminist organizations in the Mesoamerican region –which have developed interesting theoretical and methodological proposals and models of intervention and accompaniment applied to Latin America– were consulted, such as Aluna Acompañamiento Psicosocial of Mexico and the Community Studies and Psychosocial Action Team (ECAP) of Guatemala. From this review, texts mainly by Latin American authors were identified and selected with emphasis on the period from 2007 to 2022 as a means of covering the trends of the last 15 years in the fields of social psychology and intersectional feminisms, a period in which multiple forms of violence, chiefly against women, have increased and intensified, posing important challenges to the discipline of psychology in facing a very complex regional context that requires a concrete and situated experience at the Latin American level. Thus, this text is proposed as a critical bibliographic research based on theoretical elements of intersectional and decolonial feminisms and their contributions to the work of Latin American social psychology and its current trends. In addition to presenting a critical approach, it is intended as a reflective and self-reflective document; in other words, it is theoretical research, but also situated within a personal professional practice and a concrete experience that requires constant introspection in order to identify elements of the endeavor that could reproduce or are reproducing patriarchal and violent practices. Results: Few theoretical-practical investigations were found on structural violence in the region, and even fewer feminist investigations on the experiences of Latin American women and from the approaches of social psychology. The ones that were discovered were developed only by women, and do not include a critical perspective on patriarchal practices within our professional praxis. Conclusions: We find ourselves in a complex and violent socio-political and economic context in Latin America, which renders the care and reproduction of life, bonds and the social fabric vulnerable, with women being one of the most affected groups. Therefore, it is urgent that social psychology contributes to the transformation of this context, but at the same time, it needs to look internally to transform the multiple ways of reproducing neoliberalism and patriarchy within its disciplinary work. To do so, it requires support from decolonial and intersectional feminisms in order to promote, empower, motivate and recognize the wisdom of the peoples of Abya Yala and of Abya Yala herself, and the scientific and epistemological production of feminist women as a group that is also in resistance. The theoretical and methodological contributions addressed in this paper provide situated perspectives, from ethically and politically clear places of enunciation, epistemologically disobedient and committed to in-discipline. They also provide theoretical and methodological tools that collaborate in the reconstruction of the social fabric on which the dominant socio-political, neoliberal and patriarchal violence is produced and reproduced, but at the same time, where life and bonds, resistances and connections between women are reproduced. These contributions inspire creative, inclusive and critical practices that can strengthen new paths, but mainly provide insights to continue working in a transformative, intersectional and encouragingly feminist social psychology, sensitive to regional contexts and from the praxis of a decolonial psychosocial approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians "in the habit of women" have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed "extermination" of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the legal form of a company and its size with the degree of achievement of the social SDGs. To do so, we worked with a random sample of 351 companies located in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results indicate that the legal form is not a determinant of the degree of implementation of the social SDGs; however, size is, as it is SMEs that have the greatest difficulties in the incorporation of these SDGs. The findings provide guidance to the Public Administration in the implementation of policies and aid focused on this type of company, so that they can meet the challenges set by the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student socioeconomic segregation is one of the main sources of educational inequity in Argentina. The objective of this paper is to study the explanatory factors of school attendance in privately managed institutions at the secondary level. Furthermore, given the differences in the participation of the private sector by provinces, we particularly aim to compare these determinants to identify possible discrepancies related to geographic location. Some evidence was found that, beyond purchasing power, various social, economic, and cultural characteristics of households are associated with the type of school attended. Moreover, it can be observed that these relationships are not totally homogeneous between the provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prague Rules has been presented as civil law's rules on the taking of evidence in international arbitration. It has been defended that the Prague Rules are a disruptive alternative regarding the IBA Rules. The aim of this paper is check if the Prague Rules are part of civil law. To do this, we will compare the Prague Rules with the Spanish Civil Procedure Act, the Spanish Arbitration Act, the Code of Best Practices in Arbitration of the Spanish and Ibero-American Arbitration Club, and the IBA Rules. The answer of this paper will reveal that the Prague Rules are part of civil law, but they are not a really innovation about evidence procedure in international arbitration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of ceramic art as an aesthetic medium in Chinese education is significant aspect of contemporary fine arts education system. This study explored the status of contemporary status of ceramic arts in education and its linkage with aesthetic pleasure within the context of China. The dimensions considered in this study included integration of ceramic arts in the curriculum of Chinese universities, edu-communicative function of ceramic arts, the aesthetic characteristics of ceramic art and role of modern digital tools in spreading the art and craft associated with clay. To fulfill the aims of study and to reach an efficient conclusion, this study employed a qualitative approach. Using this approach, an overview of Chinese ceramic education was presented using both primary and secondary data, where the primary data was derived from interviews with informants from relevant universities. The findings of the study highlight that ceramic art is a significant aspect of contemporary Chinese arts education in its universities, which has the dual objective of develop artistic skills of students and also enhance the edu-communicative function of the ceramic art representing the Chinese culture. The findings revealed that ceramic art not only caried aesthetic elements but it was also a prime source of creating aesthetic pleasure as it played the role of aesthetic medium in education. It was evident that due to its aesthetic purpose, ceramic art demonstrated the notions of 'Art for Art's sake'. It has also been found that digital tools play a significant role in bringing innovation in ceramic art education and spread the skills of clay-art. The findings of this paper have numerous implications for the personnel and practitioners of Chinese fine arts institutions especially those who have curriculum related to ceramic art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a nosological entity characterized by cognitive complaint, decreased performance on objective tests and autonomy in activities of daily living. Cognition-oriented interventions are suggested to slow the deterioration and improve the quality of life of the older adult. These interventions can stimulate a single domain or more than one and are usually implemented using the traditional format, pencil and paper, which is widely accepted for its accessibility. However, reviews analyzing research on these interventions are scarce. In the present article, a systematic review was conducted from 2012 to 2022. The search yielded 1349 articles, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. All studies were clinical trials, mostly interventions of the multidomain cognitive training type with a duration of up to 6 months, and preferably twice a week. The implementation of pencil-and-paper cognitive interventions is still in force, providing positive results in terms of cognitive level, Well-Being and metabolic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, two processes of monetary innovation have occurred simultaneously: the digitization of money and the rise of social currencies. These trends have been integrated and have led to the emergence of what we call digital social currencies. This paper has two objectives. On the one hand, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of a complete digitization of social currencies. While new technologies and digitization offer significant advantages for social currencies, such as the possibility of making them more far-reaching and efficient, they can also have several challenges and problems. Among the most important problems is the exclusion of use by individuals with little interest or digital skills. Focusing on this problem, in the second part of the paper we conduct a quantitative analysis, using multilevel logistic models and data from the Global Findex survey, to discern which part of the population are less susceptible to the use digital money. Knowing which population groups might be excluded from digital social currencies can be used to develop and design public policies aimed at improving financial and digital inclusion for the entire population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality is gaining more and more interest in fields such as education, medicine, tourism, marketing, and manufacturing. However, the creation of this type of applications has been dominated by software development methodologies, and only recently have co-design and co-creation approaches been integrated to favor a more effective development to meet specific needs. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review of 40 scientific articles on the co-design and co-creation of augmented reality experiences, with the aim of providing a landscape of the current state of research in this field. The results show that most augmented reality experiences have been co-designed or co-created for the fields of education and engineering. Moreover, most of the current research has followed an exploratory and cross-sectional approach with small and medium research samples, using classical methods for data collection. Overall, there is an increasing interest in the use of co-design and co-creation methodologies for developing augmented reality experiences. This paper also presents some trends and future lines of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]