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This paper draws on Oliver Williamson's new institutionalist analytical perspective on economic organizations to examine the rationality and implications of an increasingly popular business model named ghost or dark kitchens. To undertake the foregoing task, it employs an exploratory research strategy to claim that available contractual arrangements are natural manifestations of hybrid governance structures within the multifaceted universe of the platform economy. It concludes that transaction cost economics is necessary though insufficient to understand the prospects and challenges of virtual kitchens to the meal catering sector and overall restaurant industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about corporate entrepreneurship as a particular field on entrepreneurship related to established business, an understudied issue in Cuba. Considering the current situation of our state owned enterprises, has a potential for business renewal that should be taken into account. Therefore, theoretical frame, external and internal conditions for corporate entrepreneurship implementation is briefly discussed. An updated assessment of our state owned enterprises is also included and, finally, some ideas about corporate entrepreneurship implementation in our country are outlined, considering a context of profound transformations on this business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a characterization of the consumer of sheep meat in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The information was obtained through semi-structured online surveys. The results indicate that consumers have a good perception of sheep meat (quality, flavor, forms and moments of consumption), they buy it directly from the field (informal slaughter) and show interest in the traceability of the product. They prefer animals raiced in the outdoor grazing, they demand healthy meat, a brand or a quality mark, and they are willing to pay more for quality attributes. The identified aspects are key when defining the business model or the strategies to be used to achieve competitive and sustainable sheep meat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the meaning of the family in the light of economic thought. It is a complex issue, approached from various areas of knowledge, but essential to clarify conceptual positions and place it as the foundation of society and its interaction within the business environment. This topic has historical-philosophical relevance, since since Aristotle oikos has been understood as a domestic unit, house or family, a place where private interests, government and household administration converge. Originally, it was an unequal, despotic management, which served as the basis for improving citizen life, which, in its trajectory, broadened its understanding to come to think of itself in terms of natural or artificial coexistence. In its evolution, the family has been consolidating as a social organization and from this, to a business organization, where, through the representation of actors, they manage a family business, instilling a series of values, beliefs, but also having implicit dangers, such as nepotism or autocracy. Although the family business model has been extensively worked from administrative positions, it can serve to maintain the family, community and cultural identity, in the face of the advances of Western globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the incidence in our country of the recommendations provided by the OECD in its Guide on the implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on transfer pricing Guidance on the transfer pricing implications of the COVID-19 pandemic published on December 18, 2020 and which represents the consensus perspective of the more than 137 members of the BEPS Inclusive Framework, among which is Peru, regarding the application of the arm's length principle for problems generated or exacerbated by the pandemic. In particular, the problem of comparability analysis is evaluated in a scenario of lack of comparable transactions and companies in the 2020 and subsequent years affected by the pandemic. Likewise, the issue of losses is addressed from two perspectives, those as a comparable result and the generation of losses in business models with limited risk. It is concluded that several of the measures recommended by the Inclusive Framework can be materialized through the flexibility and openness of the Tax Administration in audits; however, allowing the modification of the transfer pricing analysis reflected in the Local Report based on information of comparable companies obtained later requires the issuance of a legal norm that does not condition the rectifying return to the verification of SUNAT and temporarily avoid the application of infractions and sanctions for the declaration of false data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and characterizes a corporate network based on Argentinian-Spanish business (Catalan mainly) that was built around a dozen companies all located in Buenos Aires, in the first half of 20th century. Studying the board of directors of the company Providencia Compañía Argentina de Seguros, it finds meeting points in which different groups are involved and it analyzes what corporate strategies they applied. It also determines whether any political compromise was acquired by the members of the network, both in Spain and Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how technological change affects the Spanish publishing industry and how it is adapting to the new digital environment. This work provides an averview of the situation of the Spanish publishing sector through the collection of data, mainly from secondary sources of information, both public and private, from 1996 to 2017, that involved the review of a large number of documents from different sources, the analysis of data obtained, and the generation of a time series allowing us to glimpse the state and evolution of digitalization in the Spanish publishing industry throughout these last twenty years. The paper refers to the new business models emerging as a result of digitization to, finally, close with some conclusions and limitations of the research. This study is not trying to be just a journey through the past, present and future of the spanish book industry in Spain, but it pretends to be the first step to continue investigating these and other aspects in a deeper way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the digital media context which imposes brevity, immediacy, and superficiality of information, digital media outlets committed to slow journalism are opting for quality, depth, and credibility in their content. This is a journalistic model which, from new digital platforms, reappraises classical journalism genres such as reports, features, and extensive interviews and in-depth analysis. Immersed in a sea of free digital content, these media outlets are resisting the crisis affecting news companies. This article analyzes the business models developed by five Spanish media outlets committed to slow journalism: 5W, CTXT, Jot down, Panenka, and Yorokobu. The main challenge for this type of media lies in facing the difficulties of capitalizing on their digital audiences. The methodology used in this research combines case studies of the analyzed media, a Delphi survey of professionals and experts in the subject, and an opinion poll of digital press consumers. From the results of our research, we can conclude that these media outlets survive thanks to very tight business models which are struggling to take root and which limit the development of their journalistic projects. Similarly, we conclude that income from subscriptions and voluntary donations represents a significant proportion of their turnover, and that they are very mindful of the loyalty of the readership community. They also resort to business diversification strategies to balance their budgets through the sale of their own paper publications or by producing content for other companies. The native digital projects studied are based on a reduced staff complemented with work by a wide network of collaborators, mostly freelance journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the 21st century, academic literature has predicted the end of charter airlines on short- and medium-range routes and their replacement by low-cost operators due to the decline in package tours. This paper offers a quantitative approach to this process based on a methodological approach that questions the equivalence usually established between non-scheduled air traffic and charter traffic. Main results obtained show a less intense decline of charter airlines than showed by non-scheduled traffic figures in those Spanish airports where they were dominant before liberalization. However, notable differences between them arise due to different reasons. This decline in charter airlines is parallel to the boom in package tours observed over the last few years, evidencing the growing disconnection between both of them. Greater flexibility introduced by tour operators and the growing hybridization between the business models of the airlines after liberalization are main reasons explaining that dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on working under the line of sustainability in small-scale informal gold mining projects, specifically in Colombia. It is interesting to study Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) in Colombia from a business perspective as an activity that generates economic and sustainable development. ASM has great challenges to overcome in order to achieve sustainability in the industry, among them is to overcome informality in the sector, and thus be able to promote the development of a legally constituted economic activity. To achieve this objective, the National Government of Colombia has implemented a National Mining Formalization Policy, encouraging formality through mining formalization and regularization projects. In this work a review is carried out on the aspects that revolve around a Sustainable Business Model; use is made of the business modeling tool Canvas, whose input is secondary information sources. to present a Sustainable Business Model around small informal gold mining with a view to contributing to the purpose of achieving mining formality in operations in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the link between technological innovation, the transformation of business (and management) models, and the evolution of work. In a few pages, it goes through the history of technological changes and the debates that took place around the transformation of employment. Debates that had certain points in common with today's questions about the future of work, like the effects of robotization, "uberization", and digital transformation. It takes into account the possibility that the emergence of the platform economy could eliminate companies in their current form, and finds certain trends common to a new business model, which is quitting the field of social relations and positioning directly between the hierarchical firm and the market. It ends with a question: Instead of talking about the threat of a jobless future, shouldn't we start looking at the threat of a bossless future? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to determine the factors which explain differing levels of innovation in Chile at the regional level. Data used in the study was obtained from the Tenth Inquiry into Innovation in Businesses 2016, published in 2018 by the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Binary logistic regressions (Logit) were developed for each region, identifying the specific explanatory factors which determine the greatest likelihood of innovation among local businesses. The study concludes that the heterogeneities detected call for an adjustment in public policies in accordance with regional dynamics, which should be understood as subnational spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article proposes a conceptual model for the management of innovation in a sales company to the final consumer, the objective of de paper is to identify patterns or consensus that allow to determine which is the appropriate model of management for innovation in a sales company to the final consumer, a model that strengthens innovation processes, which allows companies to improve their competitive position and raise its innovation performance, for that effect, an analysis of specialized literature was made through search equations in the database Scopus regarding management innovation models, throwing a total of 41 key variables. Later, three surveys were generated with closed questions in scale Likert which were applied to experts in innovation in sales companies to the final consumer in order to prioritize the variables of the Model, locate them within the concept of inputs, process transformation and outputs, and prioritize the prototypes of proposed innovation management models, according to the analysis of the information, 26 critical variables of the model were found and defined for this type of companies. Amongst the most important are: co-working, digital capacity with a focus on consumers, open innovation, customer and consumer information analysis, consumer-focused technology trends and long-term innovation vision. a total of 41 variables related to an innovation management model were found, of which the 26 variables were prioritized by the actors as highly important in the model suggested for a sales companies to the final consumer, in addition, the guidelines and methodology applied in the work done, allow to have greater clarity about the future proposal of designs of specific models in innovation management for a given sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of two correlative empiric studies in which the author analyzes the role that advertising had in creating new forms of press in the late 20th century -free printed press and online press- and how these related to elements of journalistic design. The first study confirmed the central role that advertising has had in the creation of the free printed press and online press. The second study showed that both types of press have used journalistic elements in a similar way, by integrating the advertising component in page design. This research shows up the change it is happening in the press in relation to unpaid contents, with a clear bet to advertising content as opposed to news and its implications to the advertising sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Audience fragmentation, accompanied by other factors, has caused viewing figures to drop across most television networks. In a new context where what is a good audience share needs to be reconsidered, sport content stands out as arguably the last antidote against audience fragmentation. Methodology: This paper examines the role of sport content in Spanish television by compiling the most watched television programs each year from 1989 to 2016. Sport content in television is further discussed through focused interviews with eight professionals from media agencies, networks, media right holders and sponsors. Results and conclusions: The results suggest that networks have systematically capitalized on premium sport content (fundamentally football) to ameliorate the effects of audience fragmentation, and that, given the uncertainty concerning television business models, will continue to do so in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to systematize the contributions made in relation to the theoretical models and developments used to understand the dynamics family businesses, as an economic phenomenon whose operation has particular features not present in other types of companies. An extensive literature research was made for this purpose, based on the review of secondary sources such as books, articles, and graduation projects. The results of this review allowed determining that the main obstacle for research in family businesses is the very definition of family business, which could be solved with a clear description and international agreement on the criteria for an organization to be considered family-type; that not all the resources of family business (familiness) allow to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage and that the different models reviewed make a significant contribution to the theorization of family business, however, the model that can be most close to the organizational reality of family business is the three-dimensional evolutionary model, because it is the only one that includes the dimension of time. An integrative definition of family business is proposed and the dimensions of this variable: power and experience, which should be considered in the different investigations so that they can be compared between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of media by journalists has seen a strong increase in Spain in recent years in tandem with the crisis experienced within the news sector. This phenomenon, known as entrepreneurial journalism, is a case of innovation within the field of information. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the contributions of entrepreneurial journalism in the fields of information, labor, and business; examine its socio-political effects; and its chances of consolidation. To do this, the challenges it faces to ensure survival are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show the current state of research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the organizational level published in the journals with the highest impact according to the Academic Journal Quality Guide for the Management field over the 2000-2014 period. Specifically, it provides a new classification of the literature that shows the areas where there is agreement among researchers and facilitates the work of any reader who wishes to approach the current situation of research on this topic. It also identifies the challenges that research will face in the future, noting the gaps, inconsistencies and opportunities found in the literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New actors who link their activity to content distribution are leading the business of online media content. These actors adapt their operations to the demands of converging media context, and they propose business models oriented to user satisfaction. Among them, Netflix is notably highlighted for leadership in its home market, the United States, and in its international expansion. This paper presents in detail the Netflix business model with a case study that focuses on three key areas: the catalogue and monetization formula, policy relationships with key audiences (users, content providers and internet providers) and its internationalization strategy. Based on the results, the projection of this model in the Spanish media market can begin to be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free internet business model (as search engines) endangers the control carried out by individuals over their personal data. This situation has raised the debate on the exercise of the «right to be forgotten» or right to object. However, the exercise of these rights could jeopardize other legitimate interests of internet users and web publishers, especially freedom of information. This paper considers the balance of both interests in two situations. As a result, we obtain a rule that refines the classic concept of public relevance used in constitutional jurisprudence: when a search engine processes personal data as search criteria to index information which includes personal data, the person does not have the right to object if the importance of this information is precisely because of who is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business model of Jalcomulco, Veracruz, is based on community participation in tourism activities, especially the river guides. Then, analyze the process of identity building of river guides it is very important to understand the operation of the business nature tourism cluster. The aim of this paper is to present research results on the imaginary construction work in Jalcomulco. The research was conducted with methodological eclecticism guided by a constructivist approach to knowledge. The analysis focuses on different conceptions there in the peasant and river guide work, the information presented was collected through life stories and interviews. An important result is that the change of habitus in the community begins with a transformation in the imaginary around the work and body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]